基于体素的MRI形态学测量及ApoE基因检测在遗忘型轻度认知障碍诊断中的应用

目的 应用基于体素的核磁共振(MRI)形态学测量技术及基因检测技术,分析遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)相对于正常老年人脑灰质体积改变的特点、载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性并探讨上述改变与aMCI发病机制可能的相关性,为aMCI的早期诊断、早期干预提供依据。方法 临床招募年龄、性别、族别、文化程度、生活背景等相互匹配并确定无血缘关系的14例aMCI患者、15例正常老年人,用3.0T磁共振进行三维T₁WI扫描,利用基于SPM12的DARTEL工具箱对扫描获得的结构图像进行预处理,再对aMCI组和对照组的全脑灰质体积进行基于体素的统计学比较。通过检测静脉血中ApoE基因,鉴定每个样本ApoE基因的等位基因及基因型。将上述所得数据进行相关统计学分析。结果 aMCI组中ε3/ε4基因型与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。aMCI组与对照组比较,脑灰质萎缩主要位于左侧顶上小叶、左侧岛叶、岛叶前部、中央后回、腹内侧前额叶,右侧角回。结论 证实了aMCI患者患病与ApoE基因多态性存在联系,ApoEε4可能为aMCI的危险因素,aMCI患者灰质萎缩主要位于顶...     

轻度认知损害和阿尔茨海默病的大脑灰质体积及其与记忆功能的关系

目的考察轻度认知损害(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的大脑灰质体积是否存在异常及其与记忆功能的关系。方法本研究共纳入56例轻度AD、14例MCI和16例正常对照,所有被试均进行了记忆功能测查和磁共振影像检查。影像数据分析采用患者基于体素的脑形态学分析(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)。结果 AD组和MCI组记忆测验评分下降,呈AD组相似文献   

轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能和MRI对照研究

目的探讨轻度认知障碍（MCI）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的认知功能及影像学特点。方法回顾性分析经临床确诊的21例MCI和24例AD患者的临床资料。所有实验对象均用简易智力量表（MMSE）和蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）测定。结果MCI与AD的认知功能损害相比较：除了MMSE的记忆力组间无统计学意义（P＝0．28）,其余均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。MoCA比MMSE具有更好的敏感性。AD的MRI表现：脑萎缩,特别是海马存在不同程度的萎缩;老年性脑改变;MCI的MRI主要表现为脑白质脱髓鞘病变,少数提示轻度脑萎缩或未见明显异常。结论MCI和AD患者早期均表现为记忆力下降,对记忆力减退人群进行MMSE、MoCA量表筛查有助于AD的早期诊断。AD患者到中晚期治疗较困难,因此早期诊断及干预对延缓病程起积极作用。     

轻度认知障碍和轻度Alzeimer病的海马体积 MRI测量

目的研究轻度认知功能障碍（mildcognitiveimpairment,MCI）和轻度阿尔兹海默病（A1zheimerdisease,AD）患者的海马体积萎缩情况,评价利用影像学测定海马体积对MCI、AD的诊断价值。方法应用3．0T磁共振分别对20例MCI患者,20例轻度AD患者,20例认知功能正常的对照者的海马体积进行测量,所得数值用头颅体积进行标准化处理。采用计算机SPSS13．0统计学软件进行资料的统计学处理,比较三组之间体积的差异。结果对照组与MCI组,对照组与AD组的两侧海马体积均存在显著的统计学差异,轻度AD与MCI组两侧的海马体积无显著的统计学差异。结论认知功能障碍与海马体积具有一定的相关性,海马萎缩对早期认知障碍有一定的诊断意义。     

轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病静息态功能磁共振成像研究进展

随着功能磁共振研究的不断发展,大量的研究发现轻度认知障碍（MCI）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的部分脑区自发活动发生改变.这种改变包括脑区相似性的改变和不同脑区之间功能连接的改变, 主要发生于大脑默认网络（DMN）的大部分区域中.本文将近年来在这方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病的边缘系统氢质子磁共振波谱特点

目的探讨海马和扣带回后部氢质子磁共振波谱(’H-MRS)改变在轻度认知障碍(MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)早期诊断中的作用。方法应用’H-MRS技术检测15名健康老年人、15例MCI患者及15例AD患者脑内边缘系统的代谢物水平,对检测的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌酸复合物(Cr)和肌醇(mI)波谱数据进行比较分析。结果 AD组与健康对照组和MCI组相比,海马部位的mI/Cr均升高(均P0.05),NAA/mI降低(均P0.05);随病情进展,扣带回后部的mI/Cr呈递增趋势(P0.05),NAA/mI呈递减趋势(P0.05);AD组和MCI组扣带回后部的NAA/mI与健康对照组的差别程度大于海马部位(P=0.001,P=0.019)。结论扣带回后部的mI/Cr和NAA/mI有助于鉴别健康老人和AD患者;海马部位的NAA/mI有助于鉴别痴呆和非痴呆;MRS在诊断AD和MCI方面有一定辅助作用。     

帕金森病患者脑灰质变化的VBM-MRI研究

目的应用核磁共振的基于体素形态学(voxel-based morphometry method of magnetic resonanceimaging,VBM-MRI)技术,研究帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者大脑灰质变化的状况。方法 28例PD组与年龄、受教育年限相匹配32例健康对照组的VBM-MRI图像数据进行比较,PD组中,早期PD组(early Parkinson disease,EPD,n=14)与晚期PD组((late Parkinson disease,LPD,n=14)的VBM-MRI图像数据进行比较。结果与健康对照组比较,VBM-MRI显示PD组患者存在下列脑区灰质体积减少:额叶(双侧额上回、左额下回)、双侧颞叶(颞上回、颞中回)、右侧扣带回、右侧丘脑、双侧尾状核及左顶下小叶。与EPD比较,VBM-MRI显示LPD在下列脑区存在灰质体积减少:额叶(双侧额上回、右侧额下回、右侧额叶眶部、双侧内侧前额叶),颞叶(右侧颞上回、左侧颞中回),右侧海马旁回、右侧尾状核、右侧下丘脑,差异均有显著统计学意义。结论本组PD患者的脑灰质改变,主要集中在额叶、颞叶、右侧扣带回及皮质下的灰质。随着PD病程进展,这些部位的灰质减少加剧,并在边缘叶有进展的趋势。     

阿尔茨海默病与轻度认知障碍弥散张量成像研究

目的:应用磁共振弥散张量成像技术(DTI)研究阿尔茨海默病(AD)与轻度认知障碍患者(MCI)脑白质损伤情况。方法:对21例AD患者、15例MCI患者和20名健康志愿者进行脑部DTI扫描后,测量双脑区感兴趣区的各向异性分数值(FA)且进行比较。结果:AD患者额叶、顶叶、颞叶和胼胝体的FA值与MCI组和对照组均存在显著性差异,MCI患者仅颞叶和胼胝体的FA值与对照组均存在显著性差异。结论:AD患者与MCI患者存在脑白质结构的差异,DTI技术能够在一定程度上提供MCI的早期诊断指标。     

失独伴慢性创伤后应激障碍患者脑基于体素形态学及功能连接分析

目的:探讨失独伴慢性创伤后应激障碍（posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD）患者脑灰质体积和功能连接改变及其与PTSD症状的关系。方法:2017年10月至2019年5月共纳入19例伴慢性PTSD失独者（伴PTSD组）、28例不伴PTSD失独者（不伴PTSD组）及27例健康对照者（对照组）...     

基于体素的形态学方法对抑郁症患者的脑结构磁共振研究

目的 运用基于体素的形态学分析方法探究首发未治疗抑郁症患者的脑灰质体积变化,探讨抑郁症患者有关脑区脑结构改变,为深入理解抑郁症的发病机制提供新的思路.方法 前瞻性连续纳入抑郁症患者30例,正常对照24例,使用同一台PHILPS 3.0T磁共振机器对所有受试者进行MRI结构像扫描,并采用基于体素的形态学分析方法对其脑灰质...     

中文修订版智能筛查检测在阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知损害评估中的作用

目的:探讨智能筛查测验(CASI)在不同严重度的阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者中的表现及与MMSE总分的关系。方法:使用2.0版本的CASI、MMSE及临床痴呆量表等对30名正常中老年人、20例轻度认知损害(MCI)和53例不同严重度的AD患者(20例轻度、19例中度、14例重度)进行评估。结果:根据CASI因子分分析发现,MCI组新记忆和概念判断受损、完成测验的耗时数延长,AD组在从轻至重度组中依次出现定向障碍、心算障碍,直到所有因子分均显著减退。除"概判"因子外,其余因子分都随着病情严重度而逐渐降低。除了重度AD组以外,MCI组、轻度AD组和中度AD组均较前一组下降约10分。CASI总分以≤85分为界:识别MCI的敏感度为70.6%;识别轻度AD的敏感度为82.7%;特异度均为73.9%。对于大学及以上文化者,CASI难度过低,容易出现假阴性。结论:CASI可有效判断AD认知损害的严重度,并能从组成项目中获得MMSE总分。     

Prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in Southeastern Spain: the Ariadna study

Objectives – To estimate the prevalence of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and dementia in a general elderly population and to examine the associated socio‐demographic factors. Methods – The Ariadna study is a population‐based cross‐sectional study of cognitive function involving 1074 individuals aged 65–96 years from the Murcia Region of southeastern Spain. Prevalence, adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results – The overall prevalence was 8.7% (95% CI 7.1–10.5) for aMCI, 14.5% (95% CI 12.4–16.8) for CIND and 5.5% (95% CI 4.3–7.1) for dementia. Dementia was associated with age (OR 1.13 95% CI 1.09–1.18 for a 1‐year increase in age). Illiterate subjects were more likely to present aMCI (OR 2.59; 95% CI 1.09–6.14) and dementia (OR 4.09; 95% CI 1.28–13.08) than subjects with secondary or higher education. Rural area residents (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.07–4.24) and women (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06–2.22) were more likely to have CIND. Conclusion – The prevalence of dementia was low, despite a high prevalence of aMCI and CIND. Dementia was strongly associated with age and education. CIND was associated with living in a rural area and with female sex, while aMCI was associated with illiteracy.     

The Effect of Cognitive Training in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's Disease: A Preliminary Study

Background and Purpose

The objective of this study was to determine the benefits of cognitive training in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and those with early Alzheimer''s disease (AD).

Methods

Eleven patients with aMCI and nine with early AD (stage 4 on the Global Deterioration Scale) participated in this study. Six participants with aMCI and six with AD were allocated to the cognitive training group, while five participants with aMCI and three with AD were allocated to a wait-list control group. Multicomponent cognitive training was administered in 18 weekly, individual sessions. Outcome measures were undertaken at baseline, and at 2 weeks and 3 months of follow-up.

Results

In the trained MCI group, there were significant improvements in the delayed-recall scores on the Seoul Verbal Learning Test at both the 2-week and 3-month follow-ups compared with baseline (baseline, 1.6±1.5; 2 weeks, 4.4±1.5, p=0.04; 3 months, 4.6±2.3, p=0.04). The phonemic fluency scores (1.0±0.8 vs. 5.0±1.8, p=0.07) and Korean Mini-Mental State Examination scores (18.8±0.5 vs. 23.8±2.2, p=0.07) also showed a tendency toward improvement at the 2-week follow-up compared to baseline in the trained AD group.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of cognitive training in aMCI and early AD. The efficacy of cognitive training programs remains to be verified in studies with larger samples and a randomized design.     

Grey-matter volume as a potential feature for the classification of Alzheimer＇s disease and mild cognitive impairment： an exploratory study

Specific patterns of brain atrophy may be helpful in the diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. In the present study, we set out to evaluate the utility of grey-matter volume in the classification of AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment （aMCI） compared to normal control （NC）individuals. Voxel-based morphometric analyses were performed on structural MRIs from 35 AD patients, 27 aMCI patients, and 27 NC participants. A two-sample two-tailed t-test was computed between the NC and AD groups to create a map of abnormal grey matter in AD. The brain areas with significant differences were extracted as regions of interest （ROIs）, and the grey-matter volumes in the ROIs of the aMCI patients were included to evaluate the patterns of change across different disease severities. Next, correlation analyses between the grey-matter volumes in the ROIs and all clinical variables were performed in aMCI and AD patients to determine whether they varied with disease progression. The results revealed significantly decreased grey matter in the bilateral hippocampus/ parahippocampus, the bilateral superior/middle temporal gyri, and the right precuneus in AD patients.The grey-matter volumes with clinical variables were positively correlated Finally, we performed exploratory linear discriminative analyses to assess the classifying capacity of grey-matter volumes in the bilateral hippocampus and parahippocampus among AD, aMCI, and NC. Leave-one-out cross- validation analyses demonstrated that grey-matter volumes in hippocampus and parahippocampus accurately distinguished AD from NC. These findings indicate that grey-matter volumes are useful in the classification of AD.     

血红素加氧酶在阿尔茨海默病中的表达及意义

目的：研究血红素加氧酶（HO-1）在阿尔茨海默病（AD）额叶和海马中的表达,探讨其神经保护作用及机制.方法：选取诊断明确的AD尸检脑标本14例（AD组）;另选取中枢神经系统以外疾病、无显著脑病理改变的死亡病例32例为对照组.采用免疫组织化学染色法,以阳性表达程度和积分吸光度（IA）值观察HO-1在AD及对照组额叶和海马中的表达;采用免疫荧光双重染色方法,观察AD脑中HO-1与GFAP、Tau的共同表达.结果：AD组额叶与海马HO-1阳性率较对照组增高,且差异有统计学意义（ P〈0.05）;对照组不同年龄段HO-1阳性率随年龄增高,青年组与高龄组比阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;AD组IA值较对照组增高（ P〈0.05）,AD组海马IA值较额叶增高且差异有统计学意义（ P〈0.05）;部分神经元胞质内HO-1与Tau共同表达,星形胶质细胞内HO-1与GFAT共同表达.结论：HO-1可能通过启动内源性神经保护机制在AD中起脑保护作用.     

定量脑电图对脑白质损害患者认知功能障碍的诊断价值

目的探讨定量脑电图对脑白质损害(WMLs)患者认知功能障碍的诊断价值。方法纳入WMLs患者152例(WMLs组),再依据Fazekas分级分为3个亚组:Fazekas 1级亚组(45例)、Fazekas 2级亚组(52例)和Fazekas 3级亚组(55例);另选择同期门诊体检及头颅MRI阴性的健康人群为对照组(45例)。所有研究对象均进行定量脑电图分析和MoCA量表认知功能测试,并采集相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 Fazekas 1级亚组MoCA量表各项评分与对照组比较差异无显著性;Fazekas 2级亚组在MoCA量表总分、视空间与执行能力、命名、注意力、复述、延迟记忆、抽象理解等7项评分低于对照组(P0.05);Fazekas 3级亚组MoCA量表总分及各项评分均显著低于对照组和Fazekas2级亚组(P0.05)。Fazekas 2级亚组和Fazekas 3级亚组额区、中央区、颞区、顶区及枕区的功率谱比值显著低于对照组(P0.05),其功率谱比值与MoCA量表评分呈中度正相关关系(r=0.411~0.593,P0.05)。结论定量脑电图与MoCA量表评估WMLs存在相关性,可用于脑白质损害患者认知功能障碍的诊断和评估。