肾细胞癌中微血管密度与肿瘤细胞凋亡的关系

目的　探讨肾癌组织中微血管形成与肿瘤细胞凋亡的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法对 51例肾癌组织中血管内皮细胞的第Ⅷ因子抗原进行染色 ,并计数肿瘤的微血管 ;应用原位DNA片段末端标记法检测肾癌组织细胞凋亡状态。结果　肾细胞癌微血管密度在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级肿瘤中分别为 49.3± 2 5.3、54.0± 2 8.8、94.9± 38.7;在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ Ⅳ期肿瘤中分别为 45.2± 2 1 .2、68.5±32 .6、99.5± 43.7,其密度在肿瘤的临床分期及病理分级间差异具有显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。肾细胞癌微血管密度与肿瘤细胞的凋亡指数呈负相关 (rs=- 0 .61 8,P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,但与肿瘤的Ki67标记指数无关(rs=0 .0 96,P >0 .0 5)。结论　在肾细胞癌发展过程中 ,微血管的形成可抑制肿瘤细胞的凋亡 ,而促进肿瘤的恶性进展     

肾细胞癌血管生成与癌细胞转移的关系

目的：探讨肾细胞癌血管生成及其与肿瘤转移的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学ＬＳＡＢ法检测肾细胞癌血管内皮生长因子（ＶＥＧＦ）的表达及微血管数（ＭＶＣ）。结果：癌组织中ＶＥＧＦ的表达与ＭＶＣ有关;有肿瘤转移者ＶＥＧＦ表达和ＭＶＣ的等级分布显著高于无肿瘤转移者。结论：肾细胞癌血管生成可能有赖于癌细胞合成分泌的ＶＥＧＦ来调节;ＶＥＧＦ表达和ＭＶＣ均与肿瘤转移有关,有可能作为判断肾细胞癌转移潜能的预后指标。     

肾细胞癌血管内皮生长因子及微血管密度的免疫组化研究

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和微血管生成与肾癌发展的关系。　方法　应用免疫组化技术检测46例肿瘤组织中的VEGF。　结果　46例肿瘤组织中VEGF阳性表达28例 (60.8%)、微血管密度（MVD）为63.64±33.20,均显著高于正常组织。VEGF、MVD与肿瘤的组织类型无关（P＞0.05),与肿瘤的组织学分级有关（P＜0.05);VEGF阳性组MVD明显高于阴性组(P＜0.05);有淋巴结转移组VEGF、MVD均高于无淋巴结转移组(P＜0.05);VEGF阳性组术后5年复发转移率明显高于阴性组（P＜0.01)。　结论　VEGF与肾癌的血管生成有关,VEGF和MVD可作为反映肾细胞癌生物学行为的指标之一。     

微血管密度与胃癌复发转移相关性研究

目的　探讨微血管密度（ ＭＶＤ） 与胃癌复发转移及预后的相关性。方法　４５ 例手术切除标本应用ＦⅧ相关抗原抗体免疫组化染色，观察癌灶、癌旁及正常组织中ＭＶＤ，分析其与复发转移及预后的关系。结果　ＭＶＤ 在癌组织为３８－１２ ±１２－８７ ，癌旁为２４－６７ ±１１－０９，正常组织为１３－１１ ±７－５６（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） 。复发转移组和无复发转移组的ＭＶＤ 分别为３８－３１ ±９－６７ 和２１－９８ ±１２－２３（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。两组在淋巴结转移、浸润深度、肿瘤分期三方面差异也有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） 。结论　微血管的生长与肿瘤的血行和淋巴结转移有关。除淋巴结转移、浸润深度、肿瘤分期具有预后意义外，胃癌组织中ＭＶＤ 也具有判断预后价值。     

肾细胞癌灌注CT表现与微血管密度及血管内皮生长因子表达的相关性

目的 探讨肾细胞癌的多层螺旋灌注CT表现及其与微血管密度(MVD)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的相关性. 方法 经手术病理确诊的肾细胞癌73例,其中透明细胞癌65例、乳头状腺癌3例、嫌色细胞癌5例.术前行多层螺旋灌注CT扫描,分别测量肾癌病灶血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)、平均通过时间(MTT)和毛细血管表面通透性(PS).免疫组化染色检查肾癌组织中MVD及VEGF表达.并与灌注扫描各参数进行相关性分析. 结果 肾癌病灶BV、BF、MTT及PS分别为(17.2±8.3)ml/100g,(262±176)ml·min-1·100g-1、(7.1±3.4)s、(25±13)ml·min-1·100g-1.MVD为7.6～96.3(42.3±21.0);VEGF表达阳性38例(52.1%),其中Ⅰ级24例(32.9%)、Ⅱ级10例(13.7%)、Ⅲ级4例(5.5%).MVD与VEGF无相关性.肾癌病灶MVD与BV、BF、PS呈正相关(P<0.01),与MTT呈负相关(P<0.05);VEGF与所有灌注参数均不相关.结论肾癌灌注CT扫描参数可反映肿瘤组织中的血管生成情况.     

膀胱移行细胞癌中血管内皮细胞生长因子表达与微血管密度的关系

目的 :探讨膀胱移行细胞癌中血管内皮细胞生长因子 (VEGF)表达与微血管密度 (MVD)的关系。方法 :对 4 3例膀胱移行细胞癌 (TCC)组织及 8例正常膀胱组织的石蜡切片采用免疫组织化学方法检测其VEGF的表达 ,计数微血管数。结果 :正常膀胱组织的VEGF阳性表达率和MVD分别为 0和 1 0 .0± 4 .6。膀胱TCC中G1 +G2 、G3+G4、Ta 1 、T2 +T3+T4的VEGF阳性表达率及MVD分别为 5 9.1 %和 1 7.4± 4 .4、90 .5 %和 2 3 .5±5 .6、5 9.1 %和 1 7.6± 4 .9、90 .5 %和 2 3.3± 5 .5。VEGF表达阳性与阴性组的MVD分别为 2 2 .3± 5 .1和 1 4 .6±4 .2。结论 :VEGF阳性表达率及MVD与膀胱TCC的病理特征有相关性     

肾透明细胞癌中血管抑制蛋白-1与微血管密度的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨肾透明细胞癌内血管抑制蛋白-1(Vasohibin-1,VASH1)以及微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)检测与肾透明细胞癌患者预后之间的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法半定量测定肾透明细胞癌标本VASH1染色的平均细胞累积光密度(average optical density,AOD),并测定CD34标记的MVD。用Cox回归模型分析患者的临床和病理因素与生存预后之间的关系。结果:肾癌组织中VASH1的AOD为0.0435±0.0178,MVD均值为55±34,两者的表达均与病理分期和肿瘤内的凝固性坏死有显著相关性(P0.05)。相关性分析显示VASH1与MVD的表达呈负相关(r=-0.641,P0.01)。单因素回归分析证明高VASH1组肾透明细胞癌预后显著差于低VASH1组,差异均有统计学意义(HR=2.96,P0.05)。多因素回归分析显示患者年龄、病理分期以及肿瘤内凝固性坏死与患者的总体生存(HR=4.90,P0.05;HR=3.08,P0.05;HR=3.05,P0.05)和无复发生存(HR=3.91,P0.05;HR=2.85,P0.05;HR=3.24,P0.05)呈显著相关性。结论:在肾透明细胞癌中,低VASH1表达提示较好的预后,而患者年龄、病理分期以及肿瘤内凝固坏死是肾透明细胞癌的独立预后因素。此研究仍待前瞻性大规模临床试验的验证。     

肾细胞癌阴道转移一例报告

肾细胞癌阴道转移罕见，我院收治1例，现报告如下。     

转移性肾细胞癌及其治疗

肾细胞癌（RCC）常引起局部扩散或远处转移。据研究表明，约有25％的RCC患者在获得诊断时已发生了不同程度的扩散和转移。有作者报告RCC在诊断和手术治疗以后的转移率为30％～50％。1转移途径RCC的转移途径主要有：①通过肾被膜直接扩散至肾周围脂肪和肾周围组织器官；②通过淋巴管转移至远处器官和组织。当然，肿瘤侵及静脉也是常见的，只有约30％的RCC局限于肾被膜内并通过肾被膜扩散。由于Gerota筋膜是肿瘤扩散和浸润的重要屏障，所以RCC较难穿透至此层之外。局部可直接扩散至结肠、胰腺或十二指肠等赃器。远处转移的部位各不相…     

Inverse correlation of microvessel density with metastasis and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Although a correlation between microvessel density (MVD) and tumor aggressiveness has been established for several malignancies, the data for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is conflicting. In order to clarify the significance of MVD, we investigated the relationships between MVD and tumor stage, grade, size, occurrence of metastasis and patient survival. METHODS: Tumor specimens from 70 patients with primary renal cell carcinoma were examined by immunohistochemical staining for CD34. RESULTS: There was a tendency for MVD to decrease from G1 to G3 tumors or from stage T1 to T3 tumors, although this was not statistically significant. However, the MVD for 56 non-metastatic and 14 metastatic tumors were significantly different (P = 0.005) at 109 +/- 67 and 58 +/- 35 per x400 field (mean +/- SD), respectively. Microvessel density for 36 large and 34 small tumors was also significantly different (P < 0.0001) at 48 +/- 22 and 142 +/- 54 per x400 field, respectively. The survival rate of patients with small, low grade and hypervascular tumors was significantly higher than that of patients with large (P = 0.0015), high grade (P = 0.05) or low MVD (P = 0.039) tumors. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that tumor grade and size emerged as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: High MVD in RCC was inversely associated with tumor aggressiveness, but MVD was not the independent prognostic factor.     

Increased expression of caveolin-1 and microvessel density correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of caveolin-1 expression and microvessel density (MVD), a reflection of angiogenesis, with metastasis and prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of clear cell RCC from 67 patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy were stained immunohistochemically with specific antibodies against caveolin-1 and CD34. Caveolin-1 immunostaining was semi-quantitatively estimated based on the proportion (percentage of positive cells) and intensity. MVD was determined with CD34-stained slides. The expression pattern of caveolin-1 and MVD was compared with the clinicopathological variables. RESULTS: Eighteen patients had either synchronous or metachronous metastases and 11 died during the follow-up. Caveolin-1 intensity was significantly correlated with tumour size (P = 0.005), TNM stage (P = 0.028), M stage (P = 0.012), grade (P = 0.015), and metastasis (synchronous or metachronous; P < 0.001). The caveolin-1 proportion (P = 0.037) and MVD (P = 0.011) were significantly correlated with metastasis. MVD was correlated with caveolin-1 intensity (r = 0.385, P = 0.001) and caveolin-1 proportion (r = 0.388, P = 0.001). There was no difference in the expression of caveolin-1 and MVD between primary and metastatic sites. The survival of patients with higher caveolin-1 intensity was significantly worse than that of patients with lower caveolin-1 intensity. Multivariate analyses indicated that only M-stage was an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival and caveolin-1 expression was not an independent factor. CONCLUSIONS: Increased expression of caveolin-1 and MVD is associated with metastasis and a worse prognosis in clear cell RCC. Caveolin-1 expression is correlated with MVD. These results suggest that caveolin-1 may be important in the progression of clear cell RCC and angiogenesis may be affected by caveolin-1 during the progression of RCC.     

Relation of microvessel density with microvascular invasion, metastasis and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE

To clarify the significance of microvessel density (MVD) in a retrospective investigation the relationship between the pattern of MVD (reflecting angiogenesis), and tumour stage, grade, size, and occurrence of microvessel invasion (MVI), metastasis, and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in patients who had surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Vessels were labelled in sections of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues from 54 RCCs by CD34 immunohistochemistry. The mean MVD, expressed as the number of vessels per 10 high‐power fields (HPF, ×400) were measured for each case. In addition, all pathological slides were reviewed for the presence and absence of MVI. The prognostic value of MVD and MVI was then evaluated, and correlated with the usual prognostic variables, tumour metastasis and CSS.

RESULTS

In a univariate analysis of CSS, the MDV tended to be lower as stage increased from pT1 to pT3, and as grade increased from G1 to G4, although it was statistically significant only for stage (P < 0.001 and 0.050, respectively). The mean MVD was higher in 42 nonmetastatic than in 12 metastatic tumours, and in 33 tumours associated with MVI than in 21 with no MVI (P < 0.001). The mean MVD was also lower and significantly different for 28 large than 26 small tumours (P = 0.005). The survival rate of patients with tumours that were small, low‐stage, of higher MVD, with no MVI and metastasis was significantly higher than that of patients with large, high‐stage, low MVD, with MVI and metastatic tumours (all P < 0.001). MVI was significantly more common with a decreasing trend in MVD and the presence of metastasis (Spearman rank correlation r_s = ?0.68, P = 0.01, and r_s = 0.39, P = 0.01, respectively). Independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis were: in all patients with RCC, tumour stage (P = 0.013) and metastasis (P = 0.028); in those with low MVD, MVI (P = 0.004) and metastases (P = 0.016); in those with no MVI, stage (P = 0.020); in those with MVI, MVD (P = 0.001); in those with no metastases, stage (P = 0.045); and in those with metastases, MVD (P < 0.001). No independent predictor was identified in patients with high MVD. In patients with no metastases there was a significantly shorter median CSS time in RCCs with low MVD and with MVI (P = 0.004 for both). Similarly, patients who had grade 3–4 tumours, vs those with lower MVD and with MVI, had a significantly shorter median CSS (P = 0.020 for MVD, and 0.01 for MVI).

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggested that MVD in RCC was inversely associated with MVI, tumour metastasis, patient survival and tumour diameter and stage, from the usual prognostic variables, but MVD was not an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis for all patients with RCC. Low MVD and the presence of MVI appears to be a marker for identifying patients with an adverse prognosis.     

微血管密度和p16基因表达对判定肾癌生物学行为的意义

目的 :探讨肿瘤内的微血管密度 (IMD)和 p1 6基因表达与肾细胞癌 (RCC)生物学行为的关系。 方法 :采用免疫组织化学方法 ,对 76例RCC患者的根治性肾切除标本 ,检测第Ⅷ因子相关抗原和 p1 6基因表达 ,分析IMD、p1 6基因表达与RCC分期、分级及预后的相关性。 结果 :IMD随临床分期升高而增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与分级无明显相关性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,随访 5年内死亡者IMD明显升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;癌旁组织中 p1 6阳性率 (75 .0 % )显著高于RCC组织 (4 8.7% ) ,p1 6阳性表达随临床分期、病理分级升高而降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与IMD呈负相关性。结论 :IMD是预测RCC恶性行为的一个有用指标 ,IMD和p1 6基因表达可为RCC的疗效和预后判定提供重要的资料。     

结直肠癌组织不同部位微血管密度的测定及临床意义

目的研究结直肠癌组织微血管密度，探讨微血管密度与结直肠癌的关系，为开展抗结直肠癌血管形成治疗提供理论基础。方法62例结直肠癌标本造影后，用立体显微镜对结直肠癌中心组织，远、近端癌组织内，癌组织远、近端肠黏膜进行微血管密度计数，观测血管密度变化。结果结直肠癌远、近端癌组织内微血管密度与癌中心和癌远、近端正常肠黏膜相比差异有统计学意义。不同分化程度的结直肠癌比较差异无统计学意义。结论结直肠癌的发生、发展依赖于血管形成；微血管密度检测可用于指导临床治疗，提高治疗效果和患者的生存率；微血管密度与结直肠癌的恶性程度有待探讨。     

VEGF、MVD和CEA与大肠癌病理学特征及预后相关性的临床研究

目的通过检测大肠癌组织内血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的蛋白表达、微血管密度(MVD)及术前血清CEA值,探讨其与大肠癌病理学特征及预后的相关性。方法采用免疫组化Envision方法,对来自日本金泽医科大学一般消化器外科1990～1995年的78例手术切除大肠癌标本的癌灶、癌旁、正常大肠组织进行血管标记和染色,并进行定位观察,检测其VEGF表达及MVD计数,同时回顾分析血清CEA值变化,并与病人预后及病理特征进行比较。结果78例大肠癌病人中,48例病人(61.2%)VEGF蛋白表达阳性,MVD计数为(38.6±9.4),CEA阳性病人35例(44.7%)。它们与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结、血行转移及Dukes分期呈明显相关性(P<0.05)。而与肿瘤大小、组织学分型、生长方式无关(P>0.05)。而且,VEGF阳性组与阴性组5年生存率分别为66.8%、86.7%,差异显著(P<0.05);CEA阳性组与阴性组5年生存率亦有明显区别(P<0.05);VEGF /CEA 组5年生存率最低。MVD与VEGF呈明显的相关性。结论VEGF、MVD及CEA与大肠癌浸润转移,分期及生存率呈明显相关性,VEFG和CEA联合检测,对大肠癌预后的判断更具有实际意义。     

Urethral metastasis from renal cell carcinoma

A case of metastasis to the prostatic urethra after transurethral resection of the prostate from a previously resected renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is reported here. Solitary urethral metastasis from RCC is extremely rare. Only four cases of urethral metastasis from RCC have been previously reported in the literature.     

Pancreatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: presentation, treatment and survival

PURPOSE: The pancreas is an uncommon site of metastasis from renal cell carcinoma, comprising 2% of pancreatic tumors removed in sizable series of operations. To our knowledge the role of operative resection in the setting of metastatic malignancy to the periampullary region has not yet been defined. We reviewed the records of 6 women and 2 men who underwent pancreatic resection due to malignancy and analyzed various prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1985 and 1995, 269 patients underwent pancreatic resection for malignancy at our hospitals, including 150 (56%) for pancreatic duct cancer, 65 (24%) for carcinoma of the ampulla, 27 (10%) for distal bile duct cancer, 19 (7%) for duodenal carcinoma and 8 (3%) for renal cell carcinoma metastasis. We reviewed the records of these latter 8 cases, and analyzed demographics, primary tumor type, disease-free interval, resection type, concomitant other organ resection, histological examination of the specimen, morbidity, adjuvant therapy and survival. RESULTS: Pancreatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma was managed by duodenopancreatectomy in 5 patients and total pancreatectomy in 3. There were no perioperative deaths. Mean tumor size in cases of a solitary pancreatic metastasis was 4 cm. (range 1.5 to 8). In the 3 patients treated with total pancreatectomy there were 2, 5 and 3 pancreatic metastases, respectively. Pathological examination revealed negative lymph nodes in all cases. Mean survival was 48 months. At study end 6 patients were alive at 24, 26, 30, 46, 84 and 88 months, while 2 died at 13 and 70 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We advocate aggressive surgical resection when possible. Surgical removal of metastatic lesions prolongs survival but radical lymph node dissection is not mandatory. We also recommend careful long-term followup of patients with a history of renal cell carcinoma.     

EphB4在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤微血管密度的关系

目的：研究EphB4在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中表达的意义及其与肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测44例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中EphB4蛋白的表达,同时采用CD34标记微血管进行肿瘤MVD计数。结果：EphB4的表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的病理分级和临床分期呈正相关（P〈0．05）;EphtM阴性组与EphB4阳性组之间肿瘤MVD计数的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;EphB4阳性程度不同的两组间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：EphB4的表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的恶性程度以及与肿瘤血管的形成均密切相关,有可能成为膀胱移行细胞癌靶向治疗的新靶点。     

微血管计数对大肠癌肝转移诊断价值的探讨

目的　探讨大肠癌组织的微血管计数 (MVC)对肝转移的诊断作用。方法　用抗Ⅷ因子相关抗原的单克隆抗体进行微血管内皮细胞免疫组化染色 ,分别计数有肝转移 5 8例大肠癌和无肝转移 74例大肠癌的微血管数量 ,并进行统计学比较。结果　肝转移组大肠癌组织的平均MVC为 2 8 66±5 2 4 ,其中大于 2 0支的病例占 89 65 % ,而无肝转移组的大肠癌组织分别只有 19 98± 4 96和12 16% ,两组MVC有极显著差异。结论　大肠癌组织的MVC高者发生肝转移可能性较大 ,多于 2 0支时这种可能性达到 85 2 5 % ,MVC对肝转移的诊断作用和检测癌胚抗原作用相似 ,但各有优缺点 ,可以互补。