Roentgen diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia

The X-ray of 4000 infants between the age of 4-6 months have been examined, regarding correlations between the measured Hilgenreiner's acetabular roof angle and the position of the pelvis during X-raying. Faulty positioning often was found, and only in 34,2% was the pelvis symmetric and the pelvic inclination normal, when the photos were made. The change of the acetabular roof angle due to the incorrect pelvic position is not always significant. The geometrical correction of these values is therefore not important and the other radiological signs of CDH can be relied on.     

Osteoarthrosis and congenital dysplasia of the hip in family members of children who have congenital dysplasia of the hip

Four hundred and eight siblings, parents, and grandparents of seventy-eight children from the New England area who had congenital dysplasia of the hip were evaluated, by clinical examination and by measurements of the acetabulum on pelvic radiographs, for the signs and sequelae of congenital dysplasia of the hip. Six siblings and four mothers (representing seven of seventy-eight families) had been diagnosed with congenital dysplasia of the hip during childhood. The other ninety-one siblings were asymptomatic and had no radiographic evidence of dysplasia of the hip. In the adults in these families, acetabular coverage (as measured by the center-edge angle of Wiberg) was no different from that in the control subjects. There was no difference between the study group and the control subjects in the prevalence of osteoarthrosis of the hip or of osteoarthrosis that could be considered secondary to congenital dysplasia of the hip. The results indicate that children born to families that have a history of congenital dysplasia of the hip have a greater prevalence of this problem compared with the general population, but also that examinations of the hip in newborns are effective in detecting congenital dysplasia of the hip in such families. The greater prevalence of congenital disease of the hip among the siblings and mothers in these families is consistent with a multifactorial inheritance. The fact that acetabular development in the family members who did not have congenital dysplasia of the hip was no different from that in the control subjects suggests that acetabular dysplasia, rather than being an inherited abnormality, is secondary to subluxation or dislocation.     

Alloarthroplastic treatment of congenital hip dysplasia

The implantation of a total prosthesis to treat the anatomical changes following dysplasia of the hip requires a special operative technique and the availability of implants that can be individually adapted to the joint at operation. This paper deals with special prosthesis systems, particularly in combination with autologous acetabular bone grafting. Long-term acetabulur results show rates of loosening comparable to those observed after the treatment of primary osteoarthrosis.     

改良Sutherland截骨术治疗成人髋关节发育不良

目的 探讨改良Sutherland骨盆截骨术治疗成人髋关节发育不良的临床疗效.方法 2002年7月至2008年8月应用改良Sutherland骨盆截骨术治疗10例(11髋)髋关节发育不良患者,男性3例3髋,女性7例8髋;平均年龄(32±8)岁.术中利用关节镜清理卵圆窝增生组织,修整代偿性肥厚的盂唇,确保股骨头与重新截骨定位的髋臼良好匹配.比较术前与术后的患髋影像学指标.比较术前与术后Harris及SF-12评分,了解患髋功能及患者生存质量的改变.结果 全部患者随访(5.2±2.3)年,截骨处均在3个月内骨性愈合.头臼指数术前71±8,术后86 ±4;中心边缘角术前(7±9)°,术后(33±9)°;Sharp角术前(48±4)°,术后(37±5)°;臼顶倾斜角术前(24 ±8)°;术后(11±5)°;Harris评分术前42±13,术后90±5,优良率100%;手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义.SF-12中有关生存质量的8项评价术后均有不同程度的提高,躯体健康状况较精神健康状况提高明显.手术前后患髋影像学指标、Harris及SF-12评分差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 改良Sutherland骨盆截骨术疗效确切,不仅改善了患者的生理功能,而且促进了患者心理、社会和自身健康感受等各方面的健康状况.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical results of modified Sutherland pelvic osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of hip(DDH).Methods Sutherland pelvic osteotomy were performed in 10 patients(11 hips)with DDH.Among them,there were 3 male(3 hips)and 7 female(8 hips)patients,aged(32 ± 8)years.During operation,arthroscopes were performed additionally to remove the existing hyperplasia tissue in the fossae ovalis and trimming acetabulum and glenoid labrum,thus to insure the better match between the femoral head and the realigned acetabulum.The change of imaging indexes were acquired by comparing the preoperative X-ray with the postoperative X-ray.The change of hip function and life quality were acknowledged according to contrast and analysis Harris hip score and Short Form 12-items Health Survey(SF-12)before and after osteotomy.Results All patients were followed up for a mean of(5.2 ±2.3)years,the osteotomy were all unioned in 3 months.The acetabular head index was 71 ± 8 before operation,and 86 ± 4 after operation.The pre-and post-operative centre edge angle were(7 ± 9)° and (33±9)°,sharp angle were(48±4)° and(37±5)°,acetabular index angle were(24±8)° and(11 ±5)° respectively.The average Harris score improved from 42 ± 13 preoperatively to 90 ±5 postoperatively,with 100% excellent and good results.Every domains of SF-12 was improved in the different extents postoperatively,the improvement of physical component summary was more conspicuous than mental component summary.The imaging indexes,Harris and SF-12 were all improved with significant difference (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The modified Sutherland pelvic osteotomy is effective.It could increase the load bearing capacity of hip,and improve the quality of life.     

Diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia in the newborn

Background and purpose?Screening of newborn infants for congenital hip dysplasia may be done by clinical examination, ultrasound, or radiography—or a combination of these. Studies that have used clinical examination followed by ultrasound imaging for infants with certain risk factors have shown excellent results, but they were performed by very experienced practitioners. We wanted to find out whether the results of such screening would be equally good with less optimal staffing. Thus, we evaluated the real‐life performance of a screening program for detection of congenital hip dysplasia in newborn infants.

Subjects and methods?We performed a retrospective chart review of all infants (n = 1,983) referred for evaluation for suspected congenital hip dysplasia from one single obstetric hospital, where 19,820 infants had been screened from 1992 through 2001. Infants were referred either because of a positive finding during the Ortolani and Barlow examinations or because of the presence of risk factors.

Results?The reasons for referral of the 1,983 infants (10% of those examined) were: positive clinical signs in 255 (1.3% of all examined) and risk factors in 1,547 (7.8%), and a combination of both in 114 (0.6%). 67 other infants (0.3%) who had passed the initial pediatric screening were later referred from the local health centers. Finally, 23 of the 1,983 infants were subsequently referred again by their health center for renewed orthopedic evaluation. Of the infants who were treated (298/1,983 = 15% of those referred), those with a pathological examination result were represented proportionately more than infants who were referred because of risk factors (0.8% as opposed to 0.5%). Delayed diagnoses occurred in 1.7/1,000 infants

Interpretation?The performance of a screening protocol for congenital hip dysplasia in a real‐life setting involving several physicians both on the pediatric and orthopedic side may not live up to expectations based on the use of such a protocol in an optimized setting. This type of analysis of screening data may serve to pinpoint weaknesses, and thus lead to adjustments that may enhance quality.     

全髋关节置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良

目的: 探讨全髋关节置换治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良的手术方法和疗效。方法: 对 25例 28髋成人先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换术。结果:刀口均Ⅰ期愈合。经 13个月~6年, 平均 27个月随访, Harris评分 87分 (术前 46分 ), 优 5髋、良 19髋、中 4髋,优良率为 85. 7%。结论: 全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎的有效方法。     

Acetabular roof remodeling after varus derotation osteotomy in congenital hip dysplasia]

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the acetabular roof remodelling process and changes of the Wiberg angle after proximal femur varus drotational osteotomy up to skeletal maturity. The analysis included 33 patients after 48 osteotomies (in 15 patients on both sides). The age at the time of surgery ranged from 1.0 to 9.8 years, mean 4.7 years. Follow-up time ranged from 7.6 to 15.9 years, mean 12.0 years. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in acetabular index, Sharp's angle, acetabular ratio and Wiberg's angle between early post-operative x-rays and radiograms taken at the last follow-up. Comparison not only of the remodelling dynamics, but also final radiological measurements confirm the necessity for surgical of severely dysplastic acetabular roof, especially in older age groups.     

Avascular necrosis in congenital hip dysplasia: the effect of treatment

Fifty-one patients known to have developed avascular necrosis during treatment for congenital hip dislocations were studied. Thirty-nine patients were followed for a mean of 23 years, 7 months. They were classified as to the severity of involvement, the subsequent treatment provided, and their final result. The greater the involvement, the worse the outcome. Residual subluxation of hips resulted in a poor prognosis. Intervention with open reduction did not result in success. Varus femoral osteotomies and acetabuloplasties met with limited success. Total hip replacements have not resulted in long-term success.     

Total hip replacement in congenital dislocation and dysplasia of the hip.

The results of thirty-one total hip replacements in twenty-four patients with either severe congenital dysplasia or dislocation, after an average follow-up of four years, were excellent in eleven, good in sixteen, fair in one, and poor in one.The operative technique included superolateral bone grafts to increase the acetabular coverage in six hips. Twenty-seven hips required smaller and straighter femoral components than normal. The incidence of major complications was 19 per cent.