孤独症谱系障碍患儿血清25(OH)D水平的检测

目的了解孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿维生素D营养状况,探讨维生素D水平与ASD的关系。方法采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对117例新诊断的ASD患儿和109例健康对照儿童进行血清25(OH)D检测,并根据血清25(OH)D水平,将维生素D状况分为正常(30 ng/m L)、不足(10~30 ng/m L)和缺乏(10 ng/m L),比较两组儿童维生素D营养状况。结果 ASD患儿25(OH)D水平(19±9 ng/m L)明显低于对照组(36±13 ng/m L),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。ASD患儿中维生素D缺乏和不足率为89.7%,明显高于对照组(52.3%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 ASD患儿存在维生素D缺乏或不足,维生素D缺乏和不足有可能是ASD发病的环境/遗传因素。     

维生素D与孤独症谱系障碍的关系

孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种复杂的与多个遗传和环境危险因素有关的神经发育障碍。过去几年遗传和环境因素间相互作用已成为研究的热点。最近提出了维生素D缺乏可能是ASD的一个环境危险因素。维生素D在维持大脑内稳态、促进胚胎和神经发育、免疫调节（包括大脑自身的免疫系统）、抗氧化、抗凋亡、影响神经分化及基因调控方面都有独特的作用。多项研究表明ASD患儿血清中维生素D浓度相比健康儿童存在显著降低。因此,母孕期和儿童早期缺乏维生素D可能是引起ASD的环境危险因素之一。     

儿童孤独症谱系障碍的治疗研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)为一类广泛性神经系统发育障碍,以社会交往及交流障碍、兴趣狭窄、刻板与重复行为为主要特点。目前ASD的发病率呈显著上升趋势,早期合理的个性化综合干预治疗可明显改善患儿预后。由于ASD的病因不明,目前尚无特效药,主要以行为与教育干预为主;对ASD的伴发症状,如易激惹、自伤行为、注意缺陷多动障碍、睡眠问题等,合理应用一些药物,可改善ASD患儿的行为干预效果。随着ASD发病机制的深入研究,布美他尼、催产素、维生素D及高压氧治疗,可有望改善ASD核心症状。该文对目前针对ASD的行为与发展干预及治疗方法进行了综述。     

维生素D在儿童肠易激综合征中的作用

肠易激综合征（IBS）是一种儿童常见的功能性胃肠病,临床表现以反复腹痛伴排便频率或大便性状的改变为特征。多项研究表明,IBS患儿维生素D水平显著低于健康人群,且补充维生素D能明显改善IBS患儿的临床症状和生活质量,提示维生素D可能对IBS有治疗作用。该综述主要讨论维生素D与儿童IBS的关系,并就其可能的作用机制进行阐述。     

维生素D在孤独症谱系障碍发病机制中的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组神经发育障碍性疾病,虽然ASD患病率不断上升,但其发病机制至今未明。目前研究提示其可能与遗传因素、免疫因素和环境因素有关。有研究表明维生素D(Vit D)缺乏与ASD患病率存在负相关,补充Vit D可能降低ASD的发病风险。因为Vit D的广泛生理功能,Vit D可作为类固醇激素作用于遗传...     

抽动障碍患儿血清25羟基维生素D水平的检测

目的了解抽动障碍(TD)患儿维生素D的营养状况,探讨维生素D水平与TD的关系。方法选取2016年11月至2017年5月诊断为TD的132例患儿为TD组,其中抽动秽语综合征患儿8例,慢性运动或发声抽动障碍患儿32例,暂时性抽动障碍患儿92例;另选取同期行体检的健康儿童144例为健康对照组。采集两组儿童外周静脉血3 m L,留取血清,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测两组儿童血清25羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,根据血清25(OH)D水平,30 ng/m L为正常、10~30 ng/m L为不足、10 ng/m L为缺乏。结果 TD患儿血清25(OH)D水平明显低于健康对照组(P0.01);TD患儿血清25(OH)D不足或缺乏率明显高于健康对照组(P0.01);暂时性抽动障碍患儿血清25(OH)D水平高于抽动秽语综合征患儿(P0.05)。结论维生素D缺乏或不足可能是导致TD发病的因素之一;且维生素D水平高低可能与TD分型存在关联。     

血清维生素D水平与儿童哮喘急性发作严重程度的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清维生素D水平与儿童哮喘急性发作严重程度之间的关系.方法 选取2013年3月至2014年3月因哮喘急性发作就诊的患儿49例.依据儿童哮喘急性发作严重程度分级标准,将患儿分为轻度发作组、中度发作组和重度发作组.对比三组患儿人口学资料、血清25-羟维生素D及总IgE水平,并分析血清25-羟维生素D与总IgE水平的相关性.结果 共筛选入组哮喘急性发作患儿49例,轻度发作组20例、中度发作组15例和重度发作组14例.三组患儿的性别比例、年龄、身高和体重差异均无统计学(P＞0.05).从血清25-羟维生素D水平来看,三组之间差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.001),中度(15.30±4.97) nmol/L和重度(13.87±3.33) nmol/L发作组患儿血清25-羟维生素D水平明显低于轻度发作组(35.77±13.64) nmol/L,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001);重度发作组患儿血清25-羟维生素D水平虽略低于中度发作组,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).从血清总IgE水平来看,虽然三组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但随着发作程度的加重,总IgE水平有逐渐增高的趋势.哮喘急性发作患儿血清25-羟维生素D与总IgE之间呈负相关,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 本研究提示低水平维生素D可能与儿童哮喘发作程度的加重及总IgE水平增高有关.足量维生素D可能通过下调总IgE而降低急性发作的程度,维生素D补充治疗可能成为预防或治疗儿童哮喘等过敏性疾病的一种有效途径.     

维生素D与川崎病的关系及作用机制研究进展

维生素D是重要的类固醇激素,具有广泛的生物学效应,是心血管疾病及其他多种疾病的保护因素。目前川崎病（KD）的病因及发病机制尚不清楚,但近年来的研究发现,维生素D血清水平不足或缺乏与KD存在相关性。维生素D不足或缺乏可能通过影响炎性反应、脂肪细胞因子、内皮功能、血小板功能及DNA甲基化等途径影响KD,增加其冠脉损伤发生的风险。该综述就维生素D与KD的关系及其可能存在的多种作用机制的研究进展进行阐述。     

幼年特发性关节炎血清维生素D水平与疾病活动度及骨密度相关性分析

目的　检测幼年特发性关节炎（JIA）患儿血清25羟维生素D3［25（OH）D3］水平, 研究维生素D与JIA疾病活动度及骨密度的关系。方法　按照2001年国际风湿病学联盟（ILAR）诊断标准,于2015年1月至2017年1月纳入重庆医科大学附属儿童医院风湿免疫科110例JIA患儿,其中女58例、男52例,年龄（9.04±3.37）岁。检测JIA患儿血清25（OH）D3、血浆PTH水平,双能X线检查评估骨密度。评价患儿疾病活动状态,并通过JADAS27评分衡量疾病活动度。比较JIA患儿血清25（OH）D3水平与其他指标之间的关系。结果　110例JIA患儿血清中25（OH）D3水平为（49.8±15.3） μmol/L, 其中59例（53.6%）为维生素D缺乏状态, 43例（39.1%）表现为维生素D不足。活动期JIA 25（OH）D3水平低于缓解期（t＝5.162,P＜0.001）,与JADAS27评分无相关性（r＝-0.72,P＞0.05）。维生素D缺乏状态下JIA患儿骨密度（Z值）低于维生素D充足状态（t＝3.791,P＜0.05）。未使用皮质激素（GC）治疗的JIA患儿25（OH）D3水平显著高于使用GC治疗者（t＝2.823,P＜0.01）。结论　JIA患儿普遍存在血清维生素D水平低下。处于疾病活动期、使用激素治疗的患儿血清25（OH）D3水平低下尤为显著,维生素D缺乏状态下JIA患儿骨密度降低。     

早产儿出生时25羟基维生素D水平与呼吸窘迫综合征关系分析

目的研究早产儿出生时血清25羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平与呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的关系。方法将2014年1月至2016年12月于新生儿病房住院的符合入组标准和排除标准的早产儿112例分为RDS组(n=72)和对照组(n=40)。收集两组患儿的一般临床资料,包括胎龄、出生体重、性别、分娩方式、1 min及5 min Apgar评分,以及母妊娠期糖尿病和产前激素使用情况。采集患儿的外周静脉血,分离血清,采用化学发光免疫分析法检测血清25(OH)D水平;采用二元logistic回归模型分析25(OH)D水平与RDS发生的关系。结果 RDS组1 min及5 min Apgar评分、血清25(OH)D水平显著低于对照组(P0.05),新生儿窒息及维生素D缺乏发生率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。经二元logistic回归分析结果显示,新生儿窒息(OR=2.633,95%CI:1.139~6.085)、维生素D缺乏(OR=4.064,95%CI:1.625~10.165)是导致早产儿RDS发生的危险因素(P0.05)。结论早产儿出生时维生素D缺乏可能与RDS发病风险增加有关,母孕期合理补充维生素D可能降低早产儿RDS发病率。     

Evaluation of serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels in children with autism Spectrum disorder

Background

Vitamin D plays an important role in etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). We aimed to evaluate the serum 25 - hydroxyl vitamin D level among children with ASDs in Ahvaz city, Iran.

Methods

It was a cross-sectional study which had conducted on 62 subjects in two groups: a case group (n?=?31) consisted of ASD children who study in especial schools; and a control group (n?=?31) of healthy children who were selected by simple random sampling from regular schools in Ahvaz city, Iran during 2016. Maching between two groups has done regarding Socioeconomic status, type and amount of food intake, place of living and age. The levels of serum 25 - hydroxyl vitamin D were assessed in early morning means fasted state and also measured using ELISA method. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The significant level was considered < 0.05.

Results

In ASD children, the average serum 25-hydroxyvitamine D level was 9.03?±?4.14?ng/mg. In ASD group, 96.8% (30 subjects) had vitamin D deficiency. In healthy children group, average serum 25-hydroxyvitamine D level was 15.25?±?7.89?ng/mg. Average serum 25-hydroxyvitamine D level in intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (P?>?0.001). Although the parents of patients in control group reported longer exposure to sun (27.42?m per day against 33.06?m per day), no significant difference was observed between these groups in terms of exposure to sun (P?< 0.05).

Conclusions

A significant difference was observed between serum 25-hydroxyvitamine D levels between the healthy and ASD children. It is recommended to use vitamin D supplement in children with ASDs under medical care.

     

孤独症谱系障碍中免疫异常的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组以社会交往和交流障碍、兴趣狭窄和重复刻板性行为为主要特征的神经发育障碍性疾病.其发病原因尚不明确.目前许多研究发现ASD患儿免疫功能异常.该文综述了ASD的免疫学异常研究进展,包括免疫细胞、抗体蛋白、补体、细胞因子、主要组织相容性复合体的异常及他们与ASD之间的潜在关系,同时阐述了母体免疫激活等与ASD发病相关的免疫学影响.     

Varying role of vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of rickets in young children vs. adolescents in northern India

The relative importance of calcium vs. vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of nutritional rickets in the tropics may be different in children compared with adolescents. We studied calcium intake, sun exposure, serum alkaline phosphatase, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D in 24 children and 16 adolescents with rickets/osteomalacia. The values were compared with those obtained in control subjects (34 children and 19 adolescents). We found that young children with rickets had lower calcium intake compared with controls (285 +/- 113 vs. 404 +/- 149 mg/day, p < 0.01), but similar sun exposure (55 +/- 28 vs. 56 +/- 23 min x m2/day) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D (49 +/- 38 vs. 61 +/- 36 nmol/l). Sixteen of 24 children with rickets had 25 hydroxyvitamin D above the rachitic range (> 25 nmol/l), in contrast to one of 16 adolescents. Adolescent patients had low calcium intake vs. controls (305 +/- 196 vs. 762 +/- 183 mg, p < 0.001), and lower sunshine exposure (16 +/- 15 vs. 27 +/- 17 min x m2/day, p < 0.01) and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (12.6 +/- 7.1 vs. 46 +/- 45.4 nmol/l, p < 0.001). The odds ratio for developing rickets with a daily calcium intake below 300 mg was 4.8 (95 per cent CI, 1.9 - 12.4, p = 0.001). Subjects with rickets were randomized to receive 1 g calcium daily, with or without vitamin D. Children showed complete healing in 3 months, whether they received calcium alone or with vitamin D. Adolescents showed no response to calcium alone, but had complete healing with calcium and vitamin D in 3-9 months (mean 5.3 months). Thus deficient calcium intake is universal among children and adolescents with rickets/osteomalacia. Inadequate sun exposure and vitamin D deficiency are important in the etiology of adolescent osteomalacia.     

Rickets: Part I

Rickets is characterized by impaired mineralization and ossification of the growth plates of growing children caused by a variety of disorders, the most frequent of which is nutritional deficiency of vitamin D. Despite ample knowledge of its etiology and the availability of cost-effective methods of preventing it, vitamin D deficiency rickets remains a significant problem in developing and developed countries. This two-part review covers the history, etiology, pathophysiology and clinical and radiographical findings of vitamin D deficiency rickets. Other less frequent causes of rickets and some of the disorders entering into the differential diagnoses of rickets are also considered. Controversial issues surrounding vitamin D deficiency include determination of what constitutes vitamin D sufficiency and the potential relationship between low levels of vitamin D metabolites in many individuals and unexplained fractures in infants.     

血清维生素D水平与儿童支气管哮喘的相关性及其可能机制

目前儿童支气管哮喘(哮喘)的发病机制尚未完全清楚,临床治疗以控制症状和减少发作次数为主,而不能从一级预防水平干预。哮喘患儿存在血清维生素D水平较低,而纠正维生素D不足或缺乏可作为哮喘辅助治疗方法之一。如果维生素D参与儿童哮喘发病机制,并能作为治疗手段的突破口,将对儿童哮喘治疗进展产生重大影响。现对血清维生素D水平与儿童哮喘的相关性及其可能机制做一综述。     

Diet, clothing, sunshine exposure and micronutrient status of Arab infants and young children

Vitamin C and D levels in Arab women and their newborn infants have been shown to be low. We investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for possible hypovitaminosis C and D in a convenience sample of 51 hospitalized children without clinical features of vitamin C or D deficiency. The mean age was 15.4 months. The serum vitamin C concentration was low in the mothers but normal in the children. Both mothers and children had low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations. Fifty per cent of the mothers and 22% of the infants and children had hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-OHD level < 25 nmol/l). Infants who received dietary vitamin D supplementation had a higher mean (SD) serum 25-OHD concentration than the unsupplemented group (62.5 (29.8) vs 38.5 (27.3), p = 001). Cutaneous light exposure in these children was poor. The children's serum 25-OHD concentration correlated with dietary vitamin D supplementation and maternal serum 25-OHD levels. The results suggest normal vitamin C status but a possible high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Arab children and their mothers in UAE. Health education to encourage greater sunshine exposure and improvement in maternal vitamin D stores and the availability of adequate vitamin D supplements would improve children's vitamin D status. The study indicates that hypovitaminosis D continues to be an important maternal and child health problem, despite the abundant sunshine.