心脏再同步化治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床分析

目的:观察心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)脉冲起搏器对充血性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法:选择10例心功能NYHAⅢ～Ⅳ级、起搏前心电图QRS平均时限≥140ms患者,植入CRT起搏器。应用超声心动图测定CRT起搏器植入前和术后1年后左心功能变化。结果:植入CRT起搏器后,NYHA分级、6min步行距离明显改善,左心室射血分数和舒张充盈增加,心电图QRS时限缩短。结论:心脏再同步化治疗充血性心力衰竭疗效明显。     

心脏再同步治疗在轻微和无症状心力衰竭患者中的临床应用

心脏再同步治疗(cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT)作为慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的一种非药物治疗策略,其临床疗效已得到充分肯定.尤其对于心功能Ⅲ或Ⅳ级(NYHA分级)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)≤0.35、体表心电图QRS时限≥120 ms和经优化药物治疗的心力衰竭患者,CRT可以逆转心室重构,提高LVEF,改善患者生活质量,并且能降低因心力衰竭住院率和死亡率.     

心脏再同步治疗在轻微和无症状心力衰竭患者中的临床应用

心脏再同步治疗(cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT)作为慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的一种非药物治疗策略,其临床疗效已得到充分肯定.尤其对于心功能Ⅲ或Ⅳ级(NYHA分级)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)≤0.35、体表心电图QRS时限≥120 ms和经优化药物治疗的心力衰竭患者,CRT可以逆转心室重构,提高LVEF,改善患者生活质量,并且能降低因心力衰竭住院率和死亡率.     

心脏再同步治疗在轻微和无症状心力衰竭患者中的临床应用

心脏再同步治疗(cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT)作为慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的一种非药物治疗策略,其临床疗效已得到充分肯定.尤其对于心功能Ⅲ或Ⅳ级(NYHA分级)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)≤0.35、体表心电图QRS时限≥120 ms和经优化药物治疗的心力衰竭患者,CRT可以逆转心室重构,提高LVEF,改善患者生活质量,并且能降低因心力衰竭住院率和死亡率.     

从欧洲心脏病学会指南更新看心脏再同步治疗适应证的变迁

心脏再同步治疗（cardiac resvnchronization therapy．CRT）作为慢性心力衰竭（HF）的一种非药物治疗策略,其临床疗效已得到充分肯定。尤其对于心功能Ⅲ或Ⅳ级（NYHA分级）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）≤0．35、体表心电图QRS时限≥120I／IS和经优化药物治疗的窦性心律心力衰竭患者,CRT可以逆转心室重构,提高LVEF,改善患者生活质量,并且能降低因心力衰竭所导致的住院率。     

CRT术后QRS波时限改变对左心功能的影响

目的 观察顽固性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)术后QRS波时限改变及其对左心功能的影响.方法 60例患者接受CRT术,心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,左室射血分数(LVEF)11%～35%(27.15±6.35%),左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)60～106mm(75.35±11.01mm),Q...     

现代影像学技术在心脏再同步治疗患者选择中的临床应用及其前景

循证医学证实,心脏再同步治疗（cardiac resynchroniza—tiontherapy,CRT）在心力衰竭的现代化治疗中具有十分重要的地位,不仅能显著降低中到重度心力衰竭患者的发病率和死亡率,还能延缓轻度或无症状心力衰竭患者的病情进展．[1-5]美国心力衰竭治疗指南目前将心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级（NYHA分级）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）≤0．35、QRS时限≥120ms作为CRT患者入选的主要标准[6]。     

左室多位点起搏治疗非典型右束支阻滞伴心力衰竭一例

患者男性,78岁,诊断为扩张型心肌病,Ⅰ度房室阻滞,完全性右束支阻滞(QRS波时限146ms),心功能Ⅳ级(NYHA分级),且左室射血分数≤0.35,优化的抗心力衰竭药物治疗疗效不佳,符合心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)的Ⅱb类适应证,而非Ⅰ类指征,但给予患者左室多位点起搏CRT后,术后随访症状及体征均有明显改善。     

慢性心力衰竭者QRS波群时限与心功能关系的研究

目的探讨慢性心力衰竭（CHF）者QRS波群时限与心功能的相关性。方法分析173例的QRS波时限与NYHA心功能分级、左室射血分数（EF值）的关系。结果QRS波群的时限与NYHA心功能的高低、EF值具有明确的关系,QRS波时限越大,则NYHA心功能分级越高、EF值越低。结论CHF者随着QRS波群时限逐渐增加,心功能逐渐减低,提示心脏收缩的非同步性对CHF者的心功能具有重要影响。     

QRS波时限延长与心功能不全

QRS波时限延长在心力衰竭(简称心衰)患者中较常见。自然状态下,QRS波时限延长与心功能不全密切相关,往往QRS波时限越长纽约心脏病协会心功能分级越高,左室射血分数越低,起搏状态下亦是如此;QRS波时限延长在终末期心衰患者心脏再同步化治疗中具有重要的作用;QRS波时限进行性延长与心功能不全也密切相关。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.