Long-term prognostic value of asymptomatic cardiac troponin T elevations in patients after major vascular surgery.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial injury, but elevations of cTnT without clinical evidence of ischemia and persistent or new electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are common in patients undergoing major vascular surgery. We explored the long-term prognostic value of cTnT levels in these patients. METHODS: A follow-up study was conducted between 1996-2000 in 393 patients who underwent successful aortic or infrainguinal vascular surgery and routine sampling of cTnT. Patients were followed until May 2003 (median of 4 years [25th-75th percentile, 2.8-5.3 years]). Total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, and cTnT were routinely screened in all patients, and included sampling after surgery and the mornings of postoperative days 2, 3 and 7. Electrocardiograms were also routinely evaluated for sign of ischemia. An elevated cTnT was defined as serum concentrations >/=0.1 ng/ml in any of these samples. All-cause mortality was evaluated during long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Eighty patients (20%) had late death. The incidence of all-cause mortality (41% vs. 17%; p<0.001) was significantly higher in patients with an elevated cTnT level compared to patients with normal cTnT. After adjustment for baseline clinical characteristics, the association between an elevated cTnT level and increased incidence of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1) persisted. Elevated cTnT had significant prognostic value in patients with and without renal dysfunction, abnormal levels of CK-MB, and in patients with transient ECG abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated cTnT levels are associated with an increased incidence of all-cause mortality in patients undergoing major vascular surgery.     

术前预后营养指数对584例心脏手术后患者急性肾损伤的预测价值

目的 评估术前预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)对择期体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)下非冠状动脉旁路移植(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)心脏手术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury...     

The value of the ejection fraction as a predictor of postoperative cardiac mortality in patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery.

Retrospective evaluation was undertaken in 131 patients who underwent peripheral vascular operations before which a multigated scan had been obtained. The patients were assigned to one of three groups according to their pre-operatively determined ejection fraction; 82 patients had an ejection fraction greater than 55%, in 38 patients the ejection fraction was between 36% and 54% and in 11 patients it was 35% or less. Two cardiac deaths occurred in each of the three groups. Although mortality in the three groups just failed to achieve statistical significance, metanalysis of published reports indicates that significant mortality exists for patients with an ejection fraction of less than 35% compared with those with an ejection fraction of over 55%. In this series, if the ejection fraction was used as the sole indicator, it was not an accurate predictor of peri-operative cardiac mortality. However, when used in conjunction with patient factors, such as cardiac history and status of the resting ECG, it did define a group of patients in whom there was a significant clinical risk of peri-operative cardiac mortality.     

麻醉药物对成人患者心脏术后肺部并发症的影响

目的 评估术中麻醉维持药物(吸入麻醉药或静脉麻醉药)对体外循环下成人心脏手术患者术后肺部并发症(postoperative pulmonary complications,PPCs)的影响.方法 从四川大学华西医院电子病历信息管理系统及麻醉手术临床信息系统中回顾性筛选2018年9月至2019年2月194例行择期体外循环...     

Comparison of risk factor and left ventricular stroke work index as predictors of cardiac complications in vascular surgery

The peak left ventricular stroke work index developed in response to rapid volume infusion was calculated in 34 patients undergoing either aorto-iliac or peripheral vascular surgery. The average preoperative maximum stroke work index in patients recovering without cardiac complication was 0.47 (+/- 0.2) J/m2 compared with a mean value of 0.28 (+/- 0.14) J/m2 in patients with perioperative cardiac complications. This difference was significant (P less than 0.01). Clinical cardiac risk analysis identified a group of high risk patients in which more than half developed cardiac complications and a low risk group in which no cardiac complications were observed. There was a significant difference in maximum stroke work indices in these two groups.     

术前老年人营养风险指数对胰腺导管腺癌预后的预测价值

目的 评估术前老年人营养风险指数（geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI）是否可以作为胰 十二指肠切除术后胰腺导管腺癌（pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,PDAC）患者预后的评价指标。方法 回顾性分析2006年1月1日至2015年12月31日在温州医科大学附属第一医院行胰十二指肠切除术的 265例PDAC患者。对患者临床及随访资料进行统计学分析,评估GNRI对PDAC患者预后判断价值。结果 在265例患者中,95例（35.8%）被归为异常GNRI组（GNRI≤98）, 170例（64.2%）被归为正常GNRI 组（GNRI>98）。多因素Cox回归分析显示GNRI（P=0.009）、年龄（ P=0.003）、饮酒史（P=0.015）、肿瘤分级 （P=0.007）、 TNM分期（P<0.001）和 CA19-9水平（P=0.004）与总体生存率（overall survival,OS）存在显著关联。结论 对于接受了胰十二指肠切除术的PDAC患者,其术前GNRI可能是一个有用的预后预测指标。     

脑电双频指数监测对腹腔镜手术患者术后恢复的影响

目的 分析脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)监测对腹部腔镜手术患者术后恢复的影响.方法 在一项大型前瞻性、随机、双盲对照(经皮神经电刺激辅助腹部手术麻醉对术后恢复的影响)研究中,纳入2012年5月～2013年8月择期行腹腔镜手术的患者343例,根据术中有无BIS监测,采用倾向得分匹配法(propensity score matching,PSM)控制潜在的混杂因素后,将患者分为BIS组(BIS监测组)和对照组(无BIS监测组),每组30例,比较入麻醉后监测治疗室(post anesthesia care unit,PACU)即刻血压、心率(heart rate,HR)、拔管时间、PACU停留时间、麻醉药物使用量、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、胃肠功能等术后恢复指标.结果 BIS组入PACU即刻收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)[(126±18) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)]、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)[(72±12) mmHg]和HR[(64±7)次/min]均高于对照组[(110±12)、(66±8) mmHg、(60±7)次/min](P＜0.05).BIS组拔管及停留时间[(18±11) min和(56±12) min]、丙泊酚使用量[(476±236) mg]均低于对照组[(24±13) min和(65±20) min、(642±316) mg] (P＜0.05).BIS组术后3h静息VAS[1(0～2)分],术后3、6h咳嗽VAS[2(0～3) 、2(0～3)分]均低于对照组[1(0～5),2(1～7)、2(1～7)分](P＜0.05).出PACU即刻SBP/DBP、HR,阿片类药物及顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵使用量,术后胃肠功能恢复时间等差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 使用BIS监测减少了麻醉药物用量,缩短了PACU停留时间,一定程度上减轻了患者术后疼痛,对患者术后早期恢复具有一定促进作用.     

Prevention of cardiac complications in peripheral vascular surgery

The prevalence of severe coronary artery disease in peripheral vascular patients exceeds 50 per cent. It is therefore not surprising that complications of coronary artery disease are the most common causes of mortality following peripheral vascular operations. If the incidence of cardiac complications is to be reduced, it is first necessary to identify patients at risk through screening tests that will reliably detect hemodynamically important coronary occlusive disease. The operative risk can then be reduced by modifying the magnitude of the procedure, taking measures that can enhance the tolerance for a specific operation, or employing a combination of both. Screening methods in current use include risk factor analysis, exercise testing, routine coronary angiography, and dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy. The risk factor approach has the advantage of being widely applicable since it makes use of historical, physical, and electrocardiographic findings that are already familiar to surgeons and anesthesiologists. It is also inexpensive. However, it may overlook the patient who has no symptoms of coronary artery disease, possibly as a result of the sedentary lifestyle imposed by complications of peripheral vascular disease. The electrocardiographically monitored stress test will identify the asymptomatic patient with occult coronary disease and is helpful in predicting operative risk. However, a meaningful test is dependent on the patient's ability to exercise--an activity that is frequently limited by claudication, amputation, or arthritis. Exercise testing also suffers from a lack of sensitivity and specificity when compared with coronary arteriography. Routine preoperative coronary angiography overcomes the exercise limitation of treadmill testing but is not widely applicable as a screening test for reasons of cost and inherent risk. Dipyridamole thallium-201 scanning, on the other hand, is safe and of relatively low cost and does not require exercise. Further, it has a high degree of sensitivity and specificity when compared with coronary arteriography. It appears to be an accurate predictor of postoperative cardiac complications.     

The diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac Troponin T in bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to verify the utility of serum Troponin T (TnT) in the diagnosis of myocardial damage after coronary surgery performed using different methods of myocardial protection. The prognostic value of TnT peak for a poor postoperative course was also investigated. METHODS: Forty-three patients were enrolled and randomised in 2 group: Group A (n. 22) receiving warm blood cardioplegia and Group B (n. 21) receiving cold blood cardioplegia. According to TnT peak levels 3 subgroups were identified: Subgroup 1 (TnT peak < than 1 ng/ml); Subgroup 2 (TnT peak between 1 and 3 ng/ml), Subgroup 3 (TnT peak >3 ng/ml). A comparison with the standard criteria for diagnosis of myocardial ischemia was performed for each subgroup of patients. A 12 months follow-up for the patients of subgroups 1 and 2 was also completed in order to evaluate the prognostic value of a higher TnT peak. RESULTS: The overall patients subdivision in subgroup 1, 2 and 3 was 20 (46.5%), 14 (32.5%) and 9 (20.9%) respectively with no statistical difference for Group A or B. Only 7 of the patients of subgroup 3 (87%) matched the WHO diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction. At the overall follow-up, 2 (14.28%) patients of subgroup 2, and 4 (20.0%) of subgroup 3, revealed a residual ischemia at the ECG-stress test even if none of these needed reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirmed the high sensitivity and specificity of TnT measurement in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and minor myocardial damage. This study, however, failed to show any statistically significant difference of the TnT peak when using different strategies of myocardial protection. The late prognostic value of the TnT increase in the early post-operative course has to be confirmed from a further study.     

Preoperative immobility significantly impacts the risk of postoperative complications in bariatric surgery patients

Background

Preoperative immobility in general surgery patients has been associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. It is unknown if immobility affects bariatric surgery outcomes.

术前衰弱对老年患者心脏手术后肺部并发症的预测价值

目的 探讨术前衰弱对于老年患者心脏手术后肺部并发症（PPCs）的预测价值。
方法 选择2022年7月至2023年1月行择期开胸心脏手术老年患者162例,男109例,女53例,年龄65～83岁,BMI 18～36 kg/m²,ASA Ⅱ—Ⅳ级。根据是否发生PPCs将患者分为两组：PPCs组（n=57）和非PPCs组（n=105）。收集一般资料、吸烟史、饮酒史、EuroSCORE Ⅱ、衰弱情况、慢性合并症（高血压、糖尿病、心肌梗死、肺动脉高压、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征等）、Hb、肌酐、白蛋白、肺功能指标、左心室射血分数、手术类型、手术时间、主动脉钳夹时间和心肺转流时间。将单因素回归分析中P<0.2及具有临床意义的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）比较Fried衰弱量表和EuroSCOREⅡ对PPCs的预测效能。
结果 有57例（35.2%）患者发生PPCs。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,衰弱（OR=3.14,95%CI 1.05～9.37,P<0.05）和EuroSCORE Ⅱ（OR=2.16,95%CI 1.01～4.60,P<0.05）是发生PPCs的危险因素。Fried衰弱量表的预测效能（AUC=0.76,95%CI 0.68～0.82）明显高于EuroSCORE Ⅱ （AUC=0.65,95%CI 0.57～0.72）（P<0.05）。
结论 术前衰弱是老年患者心脏手术后肺部并发症的独立危险因素,与传统的风险预测指标EuroSCORE Ⅱ比较,Fried衰弱量表的预测效能更佳。     

The risk of vertebral canal complications in 2837 cardiac surgery patients with thoracic epidurals

BACKGROUND: Recent communications in the medical press have suggested that the rate of vertebral canal complications following epidural catheter placement is increasing in frequency, in particular the incidence of epidural abscess (Hearn M. Epidural abscess complicating insertion of epidural catheters. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90 (5): 706-7; Govasi C, Bland D, Poddar R, Horst C. Epidural abscess complicating insertion of epidural catheters. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92 (2): 294-5). We wished to investigate this in our population of cardiac surgical patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the data from all patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement surgery in our hospital over the past 8 years. This involved a review of computer databases, logbooks, radiology records, admission records, intensive care transfers, pain team ward round data and follow-up outpatient data referrals. RESULTS: In total, 2837 patient admissions were examined and reviewed by the authors. No episodes of vertebral canal haematoma or abscess were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Retrospective analysis of our working practice indicates that thoracic epidural anaesthesia and analgesia are safe in patients receiving cardiac surgery. We found no epidural haematoma or abscess in 2837 patients.     

Statistical prediction of cardiac risk in patients who undergo vascular surgery

Since August 1982, an extensive computerized data base has been developed on all patients admitted to the Division of Vascular Surgery at the Ottawa Civic Hospital. For each patient, 180 variables are recorded, including information about preoperative risk factors and postoperative complications. Since cardiac complications are a major cause of mortality and morbidity, the data file has been used to study postoperative cardiac complications in patients who undergo arterial reconstructive operations. Between August 1982 and December 1983, 353 artery repairs were performed, excluding ruptured aneurysms. Cardiac complications developed following surgery in 56 patients. Risk factors were initially studied using contingency table analysis. Four of these factors were found to be significant: electrocardiographic evidence of previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.0003), nonspecific ST-segment changes (p = 0.0007), New York Heart Association classification of symptoms (p = 0.0003) and age (p = 0.01). A further statistical study was based upon multiple logistic regression. The authors believe that the identification of a high-risk group, using these criteria, is helpful in selecting patients for intensive preoperative investigation, including coronary arteriography.     

Peripheral vascular surgery: update on the perioperative non-surgical management for high cardiac risk patients

This review of the recent literature regarding perioperative management in peripheral vascular surgery emphasizes some of the important features for the 2003 state-of-the-art on non surgical perioperative care for these high cardiac risk patients. The most adapted preoperative cardiac evaluation for each patient is guided by its individual risk factors and clinical history. Perioperative medication should nowadays consist of pre- and postoperative beta-blockers and acetyl salicylic acid, both reducing cardiac morbidity and mortality. Neuraxial locoregional anaesthesia techniques are reasonable alternatives to general anaesthesia because of their potential advantages, by reducing postoperative inflammatory response and reducing procoagulating activity, and increasing peripheral vascular graft patency, but the individual benefit/risk balance has always to be evaluated for patients submitted to aggressive antithrombotic therapy. During the postoperative course, early detection and treatment of postoperative myocardial ischemia or infarction by ST wave changes and/or cardiac enzyme control has to be considered.     

Cardiovascular complications of obesity surgery in patients with increased preoperative cardiac risk

BackgroundObesity surgery reduces the incidence of long-term cardiovascular events by modifying the associated risk factors. The derived benefits of weight loss surgery might be counterbalanced by the increased cardiovascular risks in some patients. The primary objective of the present study was to determine the rate of cardiovascular events after obesity surgery in patients considered to have an increased cardiac risk profile at a tertiary referral hospital.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the data from consecutive patients who underwent obesity surgery at the Cleveland Clinic Florida was performed. The use of β-blockers, noninvasive stress testing, and perioperative events were assessed.ResultsThe data from 154 patients who had undergone a preoperative cardiac consultation at the Cleveland Clinic Florida before obesity surgery from 2003 to 2006 were analyzed. Most patients were women (n = 108, 69%), and 25 (16%) were >65 years old. The number of patients who received perioperative β-blockers was 72 (47%). Noninvasive stress testing was performed in 78 patients (50%). Of the 78 patients who underwent noninvasive stress testing, 25 (32%) had a positive finding. Only 1 patient with positive stress test results had an obstructive coronary artery lesion found on cardiac catheterization. A total of 5 nonfatal cardiac-related events (3.2%) occurred. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0%.ConclusionObesity surgery in patients with established coronary heart disease or risk factors is a safe and well-tolerated procedure, with an overall low rate of cardiac events. Noninvasive stress testing in this population resulted in a high rate of false-positive results and uncommonly led to intervention.