系统评价和meta分析质量的评价方法

循证医学提倡任何健康相关决策的制订均需可靠证据的支持。系统评价是高质量证据的来源,能为临床医生、患者及其他决策者提供重要信息，但如果评价员没有很好地掌握系统评价的方法,特别是meta分析使用不当，会产生存在偏倚的、甚至不正确的结论，误导临床决策。因此，了解评价系统评价和meta分析质量的方法，有利于更好地使用系统评价研究的信息而不致盲从。     

Using telehealth consultations for healthcare provision to patients from non-Indigenous racial/ethnic minorities: a systematic review

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has seen a rapid adoption of telehealth consultations, potentially creating new barriers to healthcare access for racial/ethnic minorities. This systematic review explored the use of telehealth consultations for people from racial/ethnic minority populations in relation to health outcomes, access to care, implementation facilitators and barriers, and satisfaction with care.Materials and MethodsThis review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Five major databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Screening, full-text review, quality appraisal, and data extraction were all completed independently and in duplicate. A convergent integrated approach to data synthesis was applied with findings reported narratively.ResultsA total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. Telehealth-delivered interventions were mostly effective for the treatment/management of physical and mental health conditions including depression, diabetes, and hypertension. In several studies, telehealth improved access to care by providing financial and time benefits to patients. Technological difficulties were the main barriers to effective telehealth consultation, although overall satisfaction with telehealth-delivered care was high.DiscussionTelehealth-delivered care for racial/ethnic minorities offers promise across a range of conditions and outcomes, particularly when delivered in the patient’s preferred language. However, telehealth may be problematic for some due to cost and limited digital and health literacy.ConclusionThe development and implementation of guidelines, policies, and practices in relation to telehealth consultations for racial/ethnic minorities should consider the barriers and facilitators identified in this review to ensure existing health disparities are not exacerbated.     

The effectiveness of interventions using electronic reminders to improve adherence to chronic medication: a systematic review of the literature

Background

Many patients experience difficulties in adhering to long-term treatment. Although patients'' reasons for not being adherent are diverse, one of the most commonly reported barriers is forgetfulness. Reminding patients to take their medication may provide a solution. Electronic reminders (automatically sent reminders without personal contact between the healthcare provider and patient) are now increasingly being used in the effort to improve adherence.

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of interventions using electronic reminders in improving patients'' adherence to chronic medication.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Electronic searches were supplemented by manual searching of reference lists and reviews. Two reviewers independently screened all citations. Full text was obtained from selected citations and screened for final inclusion. The methodological quality of studies was assessed.

Results

Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies evaluated short message service (SMS) reminders, seven audiovisual reminders from electronic reminder devices (ERD), and two pager messages. Best evidence synthesis revealed evidence for the effectiveness of electronic reminders, provided by eight (four high, four low quality) studies showing significant effects on patients'' adherence, seven of which measured short-term effects (follow-up period <6 months). Improved adherence was found in all but one study using SMS reminders, four studies using ERD and one pager intervention. In addition, one high quality study using an ERD found subgroup effects.

Conclusion

This review provides evidence for the short-term effectiveness of electronic reminders, especially SMS reminders. However, long-term effects remain unclear.     

甲氨蝶呤治疗多发性肌炎/皮肌炎的系统评价

目的:总结和评价甲氨蝶呤(MTX)在多发性肌炎/皮肌炎(PM/DM)治疗中的有效性和副作用.方法:选择美国国立医学图书馆的Pubmed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和万方数据库,文献发表时间截止至201 1年8月,英文检索词为“myositis”或“dermatomyositis”或“polymyositis”或“inflammatory myositis”和“methotrexate”,获取文献398篇;中文检索关键词“肌炎”和“甲氨蝶呤”,获取文献4篇,手工检索获取文献1篇.通过阅读摘要选择148篇文献进一步阅读全文.结果:纳入文献16篇,病例359例,其中包括随机对照试验研究4篇(n=161)、前瞻性研究1篇(n=6)、回顾性研究8篇(n=176)和个案总结3篇(n=16).综合文献,MTX治疗PM/DM,尤其是难治性肌炎有确定疗效.MTX与硫唑嘌呤(AZA)和环孢素A(CyA)相比,安全性更好.结论:MTX是PM/DM治疗中重要的二线药物,治疗PM/DM有效性确定,早期应用对于难治性PM/DM治疗意义较大.MTX联合激素治疗优于激素单独治疗,副作用常见但耐受性好.     

Acupuncture for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective  

To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).     

中国大陆地区新生儿院内感染病原体分布的系统评价

目的：采用循证分析的方法系统评价我国大陆地区新生儿院内感染病原体分布情况,为临床控制新生儿医院感染提供更好的科学依据。方法全面系统检索中国知网（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（CBM ）、维普（VIP）、万方数据库（WanFang）及PubMed。对文献进行筛选,使用Excel软件提取数据,运用Comprehensive Meta Analysis软件进行率的合并计算,根据异质性检验结果选择合适模型。结果研究共纳入68篇合格文献,新生儿院内感染最常见病原体为葡萄球菌属[32％（95％C I：27％～37％）]、沙门菌属[32％（95％ C I：0％～68％）]。亚组分析显示：三级和二级及以下等级医院新生儿院内感染最常见病原体均为葡萄球菌;专科医院最常见病原体为葡萄球菌属,综合性医院最常见病原体为沙门菌属;东部地区医院最常见病原体为沙门菌属,中部和西部地区医院最常见病原体均为葡萄球菌属;1985～1999年最常见病原体为葡萄球菌属,2000～2012年最常见病原体为病毒。结论新生儿院内感染最常见病原体为葡萄球菌属。     

外用米诺地尔治疗女性雄激素性脱发的系统评价

目的评价外用米诺地尔治疗女性雄激素性脱发的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索Medline(1966～2010)、Embase(1984～2010)和中国生物医学文献数据库(1978～2010),手工检索发表与未发表的中文文献,收集所有关于米诺地尔治疗女性雄激素性脱发的随机对照试验,根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献,提取资料和进行质量评价,采用Rev-Man5.1软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8篇RCT,包括1252例患者,均为高质量研究。对治疗效果的Meta分析显示:1cm2评估区域非毳毛计数:2%米诺地尔与安慰剂比较,WMD合并=11.68,[95%CI(7.94,15.43),P<0.00001];2%米诺地尔与安慰剂比较(患者的自我评判)RR合并=1.27,[95%CI(1.11,1.47),P=0.0007];2%米诺地尔与安慰剂比较(研究者的评判)RR合并=1.54,[95%CI(1.29,1.84),P<0.00001]。所有研究均未发现严重不良反应。结论外用2%米诺地尔治疗女性雄激素性脱发比安慰剂有效,但5%、1%米诺地尔与安慰剂的比较以及2%米诺地尔与alfatradiol的比较,由于纳入的研究太少尚不能得出肯定的结论。     

PCR-SSCP检测结核分枝杆菌耐利福平诊断的系统评价

目的 用Meta-分析的方法评价PCR-SSCP检测结核分枝杆菌耐利福平的准确性.方法 通过检索PUBMED、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库等数据库和其他方式广泛收集文献.用QUADAS标准评价文献质量.用Meta-disc软件计算合并敏感度、合并特异度和SROC曲线下面积等.结果 最终纳入4篇外文文献(5个研究),Meta-分析显示PCR-SSCP用于结核分枝杆菌耐利福平的诊断均显示了较高的敏感度和特异度,有较高的诊断价值.其合并敏感度为97%,[95%CI(95%,99%)];合并特异度为84%,[95%CI(78%,89%)];合并阳性似然比为8.14,[95%CI(1.77,37.42)];合并阴性似然比为0.05,[95%CI(0.02,0.14)1;SROC曲线下面积:AUC=0.989 0,SE(AUC)=0.012 0.结论 目前PCR-SSCP法检测结核分枝杆菌耐利福平诊断有一定诊断价值,可作为诊断结核分枝杆菌耐利福平的确诊方法.     

三氧化二砷治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病疗效的系统综述和meta分析

目的：评价三氧化二砷（arsenic trioxide, ATO）治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病（acute promyelocytic leukemia, APL）的疗效与安全性。 方法：采用Cochrane系统综述方法,检索Cochrane图书馆及其对照试验注册资料库（Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CENTRAL）、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊网专题全文数据库和中国医学学术会议论文数据库,并辅以手工检索和附加检索,检索时间截止至2009年3月。获取比较含与不含ATO的治疗方案对APL疗效的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial, RCT）文献,以完全缓解率、总生存率、无病生存率、开始治疗到获得完全缓解的时间、复发率、病死率及治疗相关副反应等为评价指标,采用Cochrane协作网RevMan 5.0软件进行meta分析。 结果：纳入9项RCT,合并后共5项RCT,包括328例APL患者,其中4项研究存在中度偏倚风险,1项研究存在高度偏倚风险。研究目的均为在全反式维甲酸（all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA）治疗基础上联用ATO与ATRA单药的比较,未能检索到ATO与安慰剂或空白观察进行对比的RCT。结果表明,加用ATO对初治APL病人开始治疗到获得完全缓解的时间影响的效应统计量均数差（mean difference, MD）及其95％可信区间（confidence interval , CI）为－1.20 ［－1.68,－0.72］;对两年无病生存率影响的效应统计量风险比率（hazard ratio, HR）及其95％CI为8.64 ［1.66,45.00］;对复发率、治疗期间病人水肿发生率和对心电图校正后的QT间期延长发生率影响的效应统计量比值比（odds ratio, OR）及其95％CI分别为0.21 ［0.09,0.47］、4.16 ［1.46,11.79］和22.10 ［2.75,177.49］;其余结局指标的meta分析结果差异均无统计学意义。 结论：与ATRA单药治疗方案相比,加用ATO可以缩短初治APL病人开始治疗到获得完全缓解的时间,提高无病生存率,降低复发率,但是有可能导致治疗期间病人水肿和心电图校正后的QT间期延长发生率的增加。由于纳入试验质量和病例数目的限制,该结论需要进一步的研究证实。     

金芪降糖片治疗2型糖尿病改善胰岛功能的系统评价

[目的]系统评价金芪降糖片治疗2型糖尿病改善胰岛功能的有效性和安全性。[方法]计算机检索中文全文期刊数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库（Wanfang Data）、中国生物医学文献数据库（SinoMed）,英文数据库检索PubMed、Embase、the Cochrane library,检索金芪降糖片治疗2型糖尿病,报告胰岛素敏感性或胰岛素抵抗指数等反应胰岛功能相关指标的随机对照试验（RCTs）。检索时间为建库至2023年6月。由两位研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取并,采用Cochrane手册推荐的偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究进行偏倚风险评价,采用RevMan 5.3.0软件进行统计分析。[结果]研究纳入16个RCTs,包含患者1 306例。主要结局指标结果如下：在降低胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）方面,金芪降糖片联合胰岛素促泌剂优于胰岛素促泌剂单用,组间差异有统计学意义[MD=-0.69,95%CI(-1.04,-0.35)];金芪降糖片联合噻唑烷二酮类（TZDs）优于TZDs单用,组间差异有统计学意义[MD=-0.86,95%CI(-1.06,-0.66)]。在改善胰岛β功能（HOMA-...     

Moxibustion for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

Objective:Moxibustion is currently used for treating diabetes mellitus（DM） as a non-drug intervention in East Asian countries.This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion for managing the symptoms of type 2 DM patients.Methods:We searched MEDLINE,AMED,EMBASE,CINAHL, The Cochrane Library,six Korean databases,and four Chinese databases.Risk of bias was used for evaluating the quality of the included studies.Results:A total of 5 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review.All of the included studies had high risks of bias.One randomized clinical trial（RCT） compared the effectiveness of one-time moxibustion use with oral administration of glibenclimide and showed the significant effects of moxibustion on glycemic control.Another RCT tested the effectiveness of moxibustion plus conventional treatment,and the moxibustion group reported significant improvement in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels compared with the conventional treatment group.Two RCTs compared the effectiveness of moxibustion versus acupuncture or moxibustion plus acupuncture,and the combined treatment showed the most favorable effects on the control of blood glucose,urine glucose,and glycocylated hemoglobin A_1C(HbA_1C).One uncontrolled observational study showed favorable effects of moxibustion on the response rate.Conclusions:It is difficult to conclude that moxibustion is an effective intervention for the control of type 2 DM due to the scarcity of trials and the low methodological quality of included studies.Further rigorous RCTs may be necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion for type 2 DM.     

单纯结扎与荷包缝合处理阑尾残端的系统评价

目的：评价单纯结扎与荷包缝合处理阑尾残端的临床疗效和安全性。方法：通过计算机检索全面收集全世界关于单纯结扎与荷包缝合处理阑尾残端的随机对照试验和/或半随机对照试验,并辅手工检索和其它检索。按照纳入排除标准纳入文献,由两名研究者独立筛选并提取资料,采用Handbook5.0推荐的质量评价标准评价纳入研究的质量,采用RevMan5.0软件进行统计学处理。结果：最终纳入6个研究,包括1503例患者。Meta分析结果显示单纯结扎与荷包缝合相比,切口感染率[OR0.83,95%C（I0.55,1.25）;P=0.36]、术后肠粘连[OR0.55,95%C（I0.18,1.70）;P=0.30]和住院时间也没有统计学差异。结论：当前研究显示单纯结扎的临床疗效和安全性与荷包缝合相比没有差异,而单纯结扎操作简便、费时少,尤其在经腹腔镜行阑尾切除术式中广为采用,故可以考虑将单纯结扎作为阑尾残端处理的标准术式。由于纳入研究样本量小且质量低,上述结论尚需要高质量、大样本的随机双盲对照试验加以证实。     

Exploring the relationship between electronic health records and provider burnout: A systematic review

ObjectiveStress and burnout due to electronic health record (EHR) technology has become a focus for burnout intervention. The aim of this study is to systematically review the relationship between EHR use and provider burnout.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo, ACM Digital Library in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Inclusion criterion was original research investigating the association between EHR and provider burnout. Studies that did not measure the association objectively were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. Qualitative synthesis was also performed.ResultsTwenty-six studies met inclusion criteria. The median sample size of providers was 810 (total 20 885; 44% male; mean age 53 [range, 34-56] years). Twenty-three (88%) studies were cross-sectional studies and 3 were single-arm cohort studies measuring pre- and postintervention burnout prevalence. Burnout was assessed objectively with various validated instruments. Insufficient time for documentation (odds ratio [OR], 1.40-5.83), high inbox or patient call message volumes (OR, 2.06-6.17), and negative perceptions of EHR by providers (OR, 2.17-2.44) were the 3 most cited EHR-related factors associated with higher rates of provider burnout that was assessed objectively.ConclusionsThe included studies were mostly observational studies; thus, we were not able to determine a causal relationship. Currently, there are few studies that objectively assessed the relationship between EHR use and provider burnout. The 3 most cited EHR factors associated with burnout were confirmed and should be the focus of efforts to improve EHR-related provider burnout.     

Efficacy of externally applied Chinese herbal drugs in treating psoriasis: A systematic review

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of external application of Chinese herbal drugs(exCHD) in the treatment of psoriasis.Methods:Literature regarding randomized clinical trials(RCTs) of psoriasis treatments with ex-CHD,either alone or combined with Western medicine(WM) or physiotherapy,controlled by untreated,placebo or WM treatment were found in electronic databases,including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,China Biology Medicine Disc(CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang database and VIP database from their inception through July 2011.Study selection,data extraction,quality assessment,and data analyses were conducted according to the Cochrane standards.Results:A total of 10 randomized trials(involving 1,435 patients) were included.Because both test and control drugs used in the RCTs were different from each other,the effects can only be described singly and calculated.Regarding the total effective rate for the treatment of psoriasis,exCHD in combination with ultraviolet radiation b(UVB) or narrow band ultraviolet radiation b(NB-UVB),which was reported in 6 trials,was superior to UVB alone.One study reported that ex-CHD and externally applied WM had equivalent effects.In another study,ex-CHD showed better results than placebo.However,another two comparisons of ex-CHD and WM(all in combining with oral WM) showed uncertain outcomes.Nine trials reported adverse reactions.Of these,7 RCTs included statistical analysis.The results showed that the sideeffects that occurred in ex-CHD combined with UVB were less severe than those caused by UVB alone,but the incidence was roughly the same as WM.Conclusion:The evidence supporting the efficacy of ex-CHD with respect to treating psoriasis is quite limited and must be strengthened by high-quality studies.     

更昔洛韦对防治肾移植后巨细胞病毒感染预防性治疗的系统评价

 目的 系统评价更昔洛韦防治肾移植后巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus,CMV）感染的有效性。方法 计算机检索PubMed、SCI、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、中国期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊数据库和中华医学会数字化期刊群,并辅手工检索和其他检索,收集肾移植后给予更昔洛韦防治CMV感染的随机对照试验,检索时间截止到2009年6月。按照纳入标准由2名研究者独立筛选文献并提取资料,采用Cochrane Handbook推荐评价标准评价纳入研究质量,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行统计处理。结果 共纳入12个随机对照试验。Meta分析结果显示：(1)与不服用抗病毒药相比,更昔洛韦并不能降低术后3个月和6个月CMV感染率和CMV发病率,但可降低12个月CMV发病率,可以延缓术后发生CMV感染的时间;(2)与伐昔洛韦相比,两者降低CMV感染率和发病率的差别不大;(3)与阿昔洛韦比较,更昔洛韦可降低6个月CMV发病率;(4)与抗CMV-IgG和缬更昔洛韦比较,在降低CMV发病率方面在统计学上无显著性差异（P=0.93;P=0.14）。结论 对肾移植患者给予长时间更昔洛韦可以预防CMV感染,其疗效与伐昔洛韦、抗CMV-IgG、缬更昔洛韦无区别,较阿昔洛韦好。     

三氧化二砷联合全反式维甲酸治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病疗效的系统综述和meta分析

背景：研究证明三氧化二砷（arsenic trioxide, ATO）联合全反式维甲酸（all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA）在急性早幼粒细胞白血病（acute promyelocytic leukemia, APL）的治疗中通过不同的分子机制发挥作用,奠定了ATO和ATRA协同或相加作用的分子学基础,并且ATO联合ATRA方案在临床上也广为应用,但目前尚无明确的高级别循证医学证据证明其疗效和安全性。 目的：评价ATO联合ATRA方案治疗APL的疗效。 检索策略：检索Cochrane图书馆及其对照试验注册资料库（Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CENTRAL）、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊网专题全文数据库和中国医学学术会议论文数据库,并辅以手工检索和附加检索,检索时间截至2009年3月。 纳入标准：纳入研究ATO联合ATRA方案治疗APL疗效的随机对照试验文献。干预措施包括：（1）ATO联合ATRA方案与ATO单药比较;（2）ATO联合ATRA方案与ATRA单药比较;（3）ATO联合ATRA方案与ATRA联合化疗比较;④ATO联合ATRA方案与ATO＋ATRA＋化疗比较。 资料提取与分析：提取完全缓解率、总生存率、无病生存率、开始治疗到完全缓解的时间、复发率、病死率及相关副反应等结局评价指标的数据,按不同数据类型采用相应的统计方法,使用Cochrane协作网RevMan 5.0软件进行meta分析。 结果：共纳入9项随机对照试验,合并同类研究后,共7项研究纳被入分析,包括392例受试者。其中6项研究存在中度偏倚风险,1项研究存在高度偏倚风险。研究方案包括ATO联合ATRA方案与ATO单药、ATRA单药和ATO＋ATRA＋化疗方案的比较,未能检索到与目前的首选方案（ATRA联合蒽环类药物）比较的随机对照试验。Meta分析结果示,与ATO单药比较,ATO联合ATRA方案能够改善初治APL病人开始治疗到完全缓解的时间和复发率,对其余结局指标影响的差异无统计学意义,以受试者疾病状态（初治或复发）为划分标准对完全缓解率、无病生存率、病死率和肝功能异常发生率进行的敏感性分析结果与总的meta分析结果一致;与ATRA单药比较,ATO联合ATRA方案能够改善初治APL病人开始治疗到完全缓解的时间、无病生存率和复发率,但有可能导致水肿的发生率增加;与ATO＋ATRA＋化疗方案相比,ATO联合ATRA方案对初治APL患者完全缓解率、复发率、病死率及治疗相关副反应等结局指标均有一定的改善。 结论：针对初治APL病人,ATO联合ATRA方案疗效优于ATO单药、ATRA单药和ATO＋ATRA＋化疗方案,但是由于缺乏与目前初治APL病人标准疗法（ATRA＋蒽环类药物）比较的数据,尚不足以推荐ATO联合ATRA方案应用于初治APL病人的治疗中。针对复发APL病人,ATO联合ATRA方案并不优于ATO单药,即目前证据尚不支持在ATO单药治疗的基础上加用ATRA。由于纳入研究的质量、病例数等的限制,对该结论的解析需持谨慎的态度,并亟需进一步的研究来检验。     

三氧化二砷与全反式维甲酸治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病疗效比较的系统评价

目的 比较三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,ATO)与全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(acute promyeloeytic leukemua,APL)的疗效与安全性.方法 采用Cochrane系统评价方法,检索Cochrane图书馆及其临床对照试验数据库、MEDLINE、EMBASE、CBM、CNKI和CMAC,并辅以手工检索,检索时间截至2009年3月.获取比较ATO和ATRA治疗APL疗效的随机对照试验文献,以完全缓解率、总生存率、无病生存率、治疗开始到获得缓解的时间、复发率、病死率及治疗相关副反应为结局评价指标,使用Cochrane协作网Revman 5.0软件进行Meta分析.结果 共鉴定并纳入4项随机对照试验研究(RCT),共包括243例APL患者,研究的偏倚风险评估全部为中等程度偏倚,研究目的均为比较ATO与ATRA治疗APL的疗效和副反应发生情况.Meta分析结果显示,ATO与ATRA治疗初治APL比较,针对CR、复发率、病死率等结局指标差异尤统计学意义(P>0.05),以上各结局指标的比值比(OR)及其95%C1分别为0.96(0.50～1.86)、0.86(0.45～1.63)和1.15(0.45～2.95);开始治疗到获得CR的时间结局指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均数差值及其95%CI为0.60 d(-12.34～13.53);无病生存率的比较差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05),风险比率(HR)及其95%CI为2.76(0.71～10.66).针对肝功能异常发生率结局指标比较的OR及其95%CI为3.03(1.25～7.37),差异有统计学意义(P=0.01).结论 Meta分析结果提示,采用ATO治疗初治APL患者与ATRA疗效相当,但ATO可能导致肝功能异常的发生率增加.