5-(4-氯苯基)-N,N-二甲基-7-三氟甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-酰胺的合成和抗肿瘤活性测定

目的 合成5-(4-氯苯基)-N,N-二甲基-7-三氟甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-酰胺,并评价其抗肿瘤活性.方法 根据吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶类抗肿瘤药物的基本结构,设计了5-(4-氯苯基)-N,N-二甲基-7-三氟甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-酰胺,并以乙氧基甲叉基氰乙酸乙酯和对氯苯乙酮为起始原料,经4步反应得到目标产物.以环磷酰胺为阳性对照药,通过体内试验,对目标化合物进行抗肿瘤活性测定.结果 合成了3个未见文献报道的新化合物,结构经IR和1 H-NMR确证.结论 化合物7显示出较好的抗肿瘤活性.     

新型TOPK抑制剂的设计、合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的将TOPK抑制剂OTS514的母核噻吩并[2,3-c]喹啉酮环替换成喹唑啉,探究含有喹唑啉的新型TOPK抑制剂的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性。方法以OTS514作为先导化合物设计并合成一系列4-氨基喹唑啉衍生物。采用MTT法测试目标化合物对肺癌细胞(A549)和乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)的抗增殖活性。结果合成了16个未见报道的新化合物,其结构经1H NMR和高分辨MS确证。手性因子对抗肿瘤活性影响不明显,暴露的氨基能增强化合物的抗肿瘤活性。体外抗肿瘤实验表明,化合物12a-12f的活性与OTS514相当。结论新骨架的TOPK抑制剂具有和OTS514相当的抗肿瘤活性,为进一步探索含有喹唑啉药效团的TOPK抑制剂研究打下了基础。     

苯并嘧啶衍生物的合成和抗糖尿病活性评价

硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白(thioredoxin-interacting protein, TXNIP)主要调节胰岛β细胞中葡萄糖的稳态,是治疗糖尿病的新颖靶点。本研究以4-羟基苯并嘧啶为原料,通过不同长度的碳链,引入吡唑、甲基哌嗪、咪唑、吗啡啉等4种含氮杂环,设计合成靶向TXNIP的苯并嘧啶骨架拼合含氮杂环的衍生物,并考察化合物对棕榈酸(palmitate acid, PA)刺激的胰岛β细胞损伤的保护作用。共设计合成20个苯并嘧啶衍生物,结构经¹H NMR、ESI-MS确证;药理活性表明大部分化合物对胰岛β细胞有保护作用,其中化合物C-1、C-2、C-4、D-2保护作用较强,相较PA模型组细胞活力为38.3%,这4个化合物细胞活力高于70%,其中化合物D-2细胞活力最高,达到87.2%;化合物D-2可以作为潜在的抗糖尿病新化学实体。     

2-特戊酰氨基-5-氨基-6-甲基-4(3H)-嘧啶酮的合成

5-取代嘧啶及其衍生物是一类重要的芳香杂环化合物,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒及抗菌等生物活性,几十年来一直是有机化学与药物化学研究的重要领域,本课题组在这方面也取得了一些进展.我们的研究表明,2-特戊酰氨基-氨基-5-甲基-4(3H)-嘧啶酮(4)是合成二氢叶酸还原酶抑制剂、蛋氨酸合成酶抑制剂及HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的重要中间体和生物活性评价参比化合物.但迄今为止,尚未见有关化合物4的合成报道.因此,寻找方便适用的化合物4的合成方法,对于我们目前正在进行的研究以及与其结构类似化合物的合成工作至关重要.     

新结构嘧啶类化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性筛选

摘要：目的合成具有抗肿瘤活性的新型CDKs抑制剂,并评价其抗肿瘤活性。方法根据生物活性叠加原理,将1-（甲磺酰
基）哌啶-4-氨和嘧啶杂环片段合理组合,设计合成了5个结构新颖的N4-取代苯胺基-N2-(1-甲磺酰基哌啶-4-氨基)-5-硝基
嘧啶类化合物3a~3e。结果目标化合物的结构经质谱和核磁共振氢谱等表征确认。采用MTT法测试了目标化合物抑制
肿瘤细胞增殖活性。测试结果表明,部分化合物对MCF-7 (人乳腺癌细胞)肿瘤细胞有弱的细胞毒性,而对HepG2 (人肝
癌细胞)没有抑制活性,表现出一定的选择性。结论化合物3b 对MCF-7 (人乳腺癌细胞)肿瘤细胞有较强的抑制活性
(IC50=13.6 μmol·L-1)。初步的构效关系研究表明化合物的立体结构可能对其抗肿瘤活性影响较大。     

2-氯嘧啶的合成

2-氯嘧啶（2-chloroprymiding,1）是嘧啶碱中较重要的化合物,广泛应用于医药和农药的制备,合成农用化学杀菌剂、磺酰脲类除草剂,或合成止痛药、抗癌药等药品。关于1的合成研究较少,如以2-羟基嘧啶为原料合成2-氯嘧啶,但存在原料2-羟基嘧啶不易获得,产品收率低（总产率不超过40％）等问题。     

Raf激酶抑制剂的设计、合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的:设计并合成新型Raf激酶抑制剂并测试其在体外的抗肿瘤活性.方法:根据Raf激酶抑制剂的构效关系和药效团研究成果,设计了一系列双芳基脲类化合物(N-1～N-12);采用MTT法对目标化合物进行4个瘤株(SMMC-7721、A549、BGC-823和HL-60)的体外抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的活性测定;通过FRET法测试对Raf激酶的抑制活性.结果与结论:合成了12个Raf激酶抑制剂.其结构均经IR、1>H NMR和MS确证.目标化合物对所测的4种肿瘤细胞均有一定程度的增殖抑制作用;11个目标化合物对Raf激酶有一定程度的抑制作用,其中2个化合物的活性与索拉非尼相当.     

海嘧啶对H22小鼠完整细胞膜脂流动性及人胃腺癌细胞内DNA含量影响的研究

目的 研究海嘧啶对H22荷瘤小鼠红细胞膜的影响以及对人胃腺癌细胞DNA合成的影响。方法 采用荧光分光光度法及激光扫描共聚焦显微镜进行研究。结果 海嘧啶可使荷瘤小鼠红细胞微粘度下降，膜脂流动性升高，体外实验对胃腺癌细胞内DNA荧光强度降低，DNA合成减少。结论 海嘧啶可改善荷瘤机体的血液循环，提高红细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞的能力，同时通过影响肿瘤细胞内DNA的合成发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

新型γ-分泌酶抑制剂的设计与合成

目的 通过在数据库中虚拟筛选,以期发现新的γ-分泌酶抑制剂.方法 在MDL数据库中以γ-分泌酶抑制剂药效团模型为条件进行搜寻、设计并合成了一系列化合物.结果 所设计的目标化合物均经类药性分析.具有类药性;合成的化合物结构均经IR、~1H-NMR及~(13)C-NMR等验证.结论 设计并合成的新的γ-分泌酶抑制剂经药效团模型预测,具有更高的预测活性.其中最佳化合物的预测活性值为0.025 nmol/L,可作为先导化合物进一步研究.     

海嘧啶抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的 研究海嘧啶的抗肿瘤作用。方法 采用MTT实验和集落形成实验观察海嘧啶的体外抗肿瘤作用;通过海嘧啶对FC小鼠和S180、H22荷瘤小鼠瘤重和生存时间的研究,观察了海嘧啶的体内抗肿瘤作用。结果 海嘧啶对8种人癌细胞具有一定的杀伤作用,以对BGC-823、Eca-109、HCT-8细胞的抑制作用最强;对BGC-823、Eca-109、HCT-8细胞的集落形成有明显的抑制作用,以对Eca-109细胞集落形成抑制作用最强;可明显抑制FC小鼠和S180小鼠瘤体的生长,明显延长H22荷瘤小鼠的生存时间。结论 海嘧啶由中药复方和5-Fu两部分复合而成,其抗肿瘤作用与二者相比具有明显的协同作用．倬抑瘤率大幅度提高．     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.