ET与CEF新辅助化疗方案的临床疗效比较

目的比较ET与CEF两种不同新辅助化疗方案治疗乳腺癌的疗效及不良反应。方法收集130例Ⅱa-Ⅲc期乳腺癌患者,分为两组,分别接受ET组（多西紫杉醇加表阿霉素）和CEF组（环磷酰胺加表阿霉素加5-Fu）化疗方案治疗。其中ET组64例,CEF组66例,化疗21天为1个周期。所有的患者均完成2—4个周期新辅助化疗后评价疗效。结果乳腺癌新辅助化疗总有效率（ORR）ET组为85．9％（57／64）,CEF组为71．2％（47／66）。主要不良反应是脱发、乏力、恶心、呕吐、腹泻,两组间不良反应无显著性差异。ET组3度以上粒细胞缺乏、粒细胞缺乏性发热、外周性水肿、关节痛、肌痛、神经感觉异常发生率较CEF组高（P〈0．05）,但不良反应均可耐受。结论两组新辅助化疗方案对乳腺癌的原发肿瘤均有效。ET组的疗效及不良反应均高于CEF组。     

新辅助化疗在乳腺癌的临床应用疗效观察

目的探讨分析乳腺癌新辅助化疗的安全性及临床疗效。方法对收治的120例II~III期乳腺癌进行新辅助化疗。120例患者随机分为A组和B组,A组采用表柔比星单用方案,B组采用表柔比星+多西紫杉醇联合用药方案。化疗4个周期后评价其临床疗效。结果 A组4例患者完全缓解,28例患者部分缓解,总有效率为53.33%;B组13例患者完全缓解,32例患者部分缓解,总有效率为75.00%。表柔比星+多西紫杉醇联合应用明显优于单用表柔比星(P0.05)。结论新辅助化疗可使原发病灶及淋巴结明显缩小,为手术切除创造有利条件,提高手术成功率。     

TAC新辅助化疗方案治疗三阴性乳腺癌的疗效及预后

【摘要】目的 探讨TAC新辅助化疗方案治疗三阴性乳腺癌（triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC）的临床疗效。方法 对接受4～6个周期TAC新辅助化疗方案治疗的63例TNBC进行回顾性研究,分析近远期化疗疗效。结果 63例患者总有效率(RR)96.83%,其中完全缓解(CR)57.14%（36/63),部分缓解(PR)39.68%(25/63）。主要不良反应中性粒细胞减少36例（57.14%）,中性粒细胞减少性发热25例（39.68%）,恶心呕吐33例（52.38%）,腹泻14例（22.22%）,口腔黏膜炎13例（20.63%）,乏力虚弱10例（15.87%）。术后死亡7例,局部复发8例,远处转移21例,3年生存率88.89%。结论 应用TAC新辅助化疗方案能提高TNBC治疗效果,改善患者生活质量,提高3年生存率。     

术前新辅助化疗在局部中晚期乳腺癌中的应用附30例报道

目的: 探讨局部中晚期乳腺癌新辅助化疗的临床意义. 方法: 应用CEF方案对30例Ⅱb-Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者进行新辅助化疗. 环磷酰胺(CTX) 600 mg/m2, d1, ;表阿霉素(EPI) 60mg/m2, d1,5-氟尿嘧啶(5Fu) 500 mg/m2, d1, 21d为1个周期,所有患者完成2个周期新辅助化疗后评价疗效.结果: 21例降低了临床分期;3例获得完全缓解(CR),18例部分缓解(PR),6例病情稳定,1例无效,总有效率(CR+PR)为70%. 结论: 进展期乳腺癌新辅助化疗对原发肿瘤和腋窝淋巴结均有较好疗效.     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗对手术的影响及其近期疗效观察

目的通过新辅助化疗提高乳腺癌的手术切除率及近期疗效观察。方法86例Ⅲ期乳腺癌病例采用CAF方案进行新辅助化疗,观察乳腺癌原发灶、腋窝淋巴结的变化,为手术切除及术式选择提供的条件和近期疗效观察。结果新辅助化疗有效者70例,占81.4%,改换术式者12例,占13.95%,2年复发19例,占22.09%。结论新辅助化疗降低了乳腺癌的分期,提高了乳腺癌的手术切除术,改善了术式选择,提高了近期疗效。     

乳腺癌的新辅助化疗

随着临床和基础研究的不断深入,乳腺癌新辅助化疗逐渐成为乳腺癌临床研究中十分活跃的领域.理论上,新辅助化疗较辅助化疗有诸多优势,但多个大型临床试验结果表明,新辅助化疗并不能显著改善患者生存.许多因素可能与之有关,例如,以往的研究在最初设计时多仅根据患者临床分期来决定患者是否需要新辅助化疗,而忽视了重要生物学指标雌激素受体(ER)、Her-2等对疗效的影响,且不同研究中生物学指标的检测方法及使用的化疗方案也不一致.本文结合最近的文献资料,就生物学指标对乳腺癌新辅助化疗的影响及其他几个临床上十分关注的问题谈一些个人的体会和看法,与同行探讨.     

乳腺癌的新辅助化疗

本文回顾了有关乳腺癌新辅助化疗的临床研究，认为可使大部分原发性乳腺癌体积明显缩小，进而使80％的可手术治疗的患者能选择保留乳房术式。虽然理论上可更大程度地杀灭亚临床的微小转移灶，减少耐药细胞株的产生，但在提高这部分患者的无复发生存率及总体生存率方面尚无临床定论。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效与分子分型的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌分子分型与表柔比星联合多西他赛（TE）方案新辅助化疗疗效的关系。方法根据纳入和排除标准,共纳入我院2011年5月至2012年12月期间至少接受过3周期TE方案治疗的乳腺癌患者共239例,其各项临床指标均完整。根据免疫组织化学雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER-2）及Ki-67表达水平将患者分为4种亚型,分别为luminal A型、luminalB型、HER-2阳性型和三阴型。分析不同亚型乳腺癌患者的各项相关指标,如病理完全缓解（pCR）率、年龄、月经状态等。结果239例患者中,luminalA型67例（28．03％）,luminalB型84例（35．15％）,HER．2阳性型21例（8．79％）,三阴型67例（28．03％）。4型乳腺癌患者的年龄、月经状态、肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态等临床病理指标差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。三阴型对TE方案的新辅助化疗的pCR率（14．93％）最高,其次依次为luminalB型（7．14％）、HER-2阳性型（4．76％）及luminalA型（1．49％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0．027）。结论三阴型相对luminalA型、luminalB型和HER-2阳性型对TE方案的新辅助化疗治疗更敏感,pCR率最高,治疗时需根据患者不同的分子亚型来选用特定的治疗方案。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗的研究进展

近年来,新辅助化疗治疗乳腺癌的概念引起了肿瘤学界极大的兴趣。一系列正在进行的临床研究都希望这一新疗法能够从总体上增加疗效。新的化疗药物、新的影像学检查工具及某些生物学因子正日益引起广大学者的密切关注。基因表达谱也有望对新辅助化疗反应作出预测。本文对以上诸方面分别作了介绍。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗的研究进展

目的探讨乳腺癌新辅助化疗的研究进展。方法从乳腺癌新辅助化疗的理论基础、临床意义、适用范围、常用药物及方案、疗效预测因子及其与保乳手术、前哨淋巴结活检的关系等方面总结乳腺癌新辅助化疗的研究进展。结果新辅助化疗可降低临床分期,增加保乳手术机会,了解化疗药物敏感性,防止远处转移,但对前哨淋巴结活检的影响存在争议。结论新辅助化疗是乳腺癌全身治疗重要的部分,但在如何选择高效的化疗药物、制订个体化方案、预测治疗效果等方面仍需进一步研究。     

诺维本加阿霉素在局部晚期乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的应用

目的：了解诺维本加阿霉素的新辅助化疗方案在局部晚期乳腺癌综合治疗中的作用。方法：３１例Ⅱｂ至Ⅲｂ期的乳腺癌病人,术前均经病理或细胞学检查证实。中位年龄４８岁,化疗用药为ＮＶＢ ４０ｍｇ ｄ１,８＋ＡＤＭ ４０ｍｇ ｄｌ,每３周为一疗程,术前用药２疗程,评估新辅助化疗后肿瘤的缓解情况和随访长期生存率。结果：本组总体化疗有效率为６７．７％,肿瘤原发灶完全缓解（ＣＲ）１例,部分缓解（ＰＲ）２０例,无变化（ＳＤ）１０例;腋淋巴结临床ＣＲ１２例,ＰＲ１４例,ＳＤ５例。术后中位随访期３６个月,术后死亡６例,复发９例,健在１６例。结论：诺维本加阿霉素的联合术前化疗能使局部晚期乳腺癌的原发灶和腋淋巴结缩小,肿瘤降期,亦能减少肿瘤复发和远处转移,且不良反应较轻。     

Histopathologic Evidence of Tumor Regression in the Axillary Lymph Nodes of Patients Treated With Preoperative Chemotherapy Correlates With Breast Cancer Outcome

Background: The benefits of primary tumor downstaging and assessment of chemoresponsiveness have resulted in expanded applications for induction chemotherapy. However, the pathologic evaluation and prognostic significance of response in preoperatively treated lymph nodes have not been defined.Methods: The axillary lymph nodes of 71 patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with induction chemotherapy were evaluated for histological evidence of tumor regression as defined by the presence of nodal fibrosis, mucin pools, or aggregates of foamy histiocytes.Results: Complete pathologic response in the breast and axilla occurred in 10 patients (14%); 19 (26.8%) had evidence of tumor regression in 1 or more lymph nodes. Patients without nodal metastases and no evidence of tumor regression had the best outcome (median disease-free survival, 31.5 months; relapse rate, 27%). Patients with residual nodal metastases and no evidence of treatment effect had the worst outcome (median disease-free survival, 19.8 months; relapse rate, 55%). The median disease-free survival was 22.1 months, and the relapse rate was 32% for patients with histopathologic evidence of tumor regression in the axillary lymph nodes.Conclusions: Detection of treatment effect in axillary lymph nodes after induction chemotherapy identifies a subset of patients with an outcome intermediate between that of completely node-negative and node-positive patients. The axillary lymph nodes of patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy should be routinely analyzed for the presence of these features.     

Preoperative FLAC/Granulocyte-Colony-Stimulating Factor Chemotherapy for Stage II Breast Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Background: Preoperative chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer may reduce locoregional tumors and provides initial treatment for systemic micrometastases. We conducted a prospective, randomized trial to evaluate the ability of intensive preoperative chemotherapy to enhance the outcome of this approach.Methods: Patients with clinical stage II breast cancer (T2N0, T1N1, and T2N1) were prospectively randomized to receive either preoperative or postoperative chemotherapy with five 21-day cycles of fluorouracil, leucovorin calcium, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FLAC)/granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. Local therapy consisted of modified radical mastectomy or segmentectomy/axillary dissection/breast radiotherapy, according to patient preference.Results: Fifty-three women were randomized (26 preoperative chemotherapy and 27 postoperative chemotherapy). The objective clinical response rate of the primary tumor to preoperative chemotherapy was 80%, and the pathologic complete response rate was 20%. Preoperative chemotherapy reduced the overall incidence and number of axillary lymph node metastases. There was no difference in the use of breast-conserving local therapy between the two treatment arms. There were 20 local/regional or distant recurrences (9 preoperative and 11 postoperative). There was no difference in the overall or disease-free survival between the preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy arms.Conclusions: Preoperative FLAC/granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor chemotherapy was effective against local/regional tumors in stage II breast cancer but was otherwise comparable to postoperative chemotherapy.     

Accuracy of the Combination of Mammography and Sonography in Predicting Tumor Response in Breast Cancer Patients After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Background Residual tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an important consideration in surgical planning. We examined the accuracy of the combination of mammography and sonography in predicting pathologic residual tumor size.Methods Tumor size was evaluated by physical examination, mammography, and sonography at diagnosis and before surgery in 162 breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Agreement between the predicted and the pathologic responses and the predicted and the pathologic tumor sizes was calculated. The effect of invasive lobular carcinoma, high nuclear grade, hormone receptor positivity, and the presence of an extensive intraductal component on the accuracy of mammography and sonography in predicting pathologic residual tumor size was analyzed.Results Forty-two patients (25.9%) had a pathologic complete response (pCR). Overall agreement between predicted and pathologic responses was 53% for physical examination, 67% for mammography plus sonography, and 63% for physical examination plus mammography and sonography. The sensitivity of mammography and sonography in predicting pCR was 78.6%, and the specificity was 92.5%; the accuracy was 88.9%. Residual tumor size determined by mammography and sonography correlated with pathologic residual tumor size (r = .662); pathologic tumor size was within .5 cm of predicted in 69.1% of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that pathologic residual tumor size was underestimated for lobular carcinoma and overestimated for poorly differentiated tumors.Conclusions The combination of mammography and sonography has a high accuracy in predicting pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Agreement of residual tumor size in mammography and sonography with pathologic residual tumor size was moderate.Presented in part at the American Society of Breast Surgeons Seventh Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, April 5–9, 2006.     

Preoperative Systemic Treatment in BRCA-Positive Breast Cancer Patients: Case Report and Review of the Literature

BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo analyses have shown differences in chemosensitivity between breast cancers associated with BRCA1/2 mutations compared to sporadic variants. In the preoperative setting, the tumor response can be directly measured. Therefore, preoperative systemic treatment (PST) offers the opportunity to assess the chemosensitivity in vivo. However, there have been neither clear guidelines for mutation carriers in terms of choice of chemotherapy regimen nor recommendations how to proceed in case of an inadequate response to PST. CASE REPORT: Herein, we present the history of a 39-year-old woman with bilateral breast cancer who was tested positive for germ-line BRCA1 mutation while under PST. We performed a comprehensive literature review covering the MEDLINE database from 1992 to 2010 on published data regarding PST options for BRCA mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS: If results of genetic testing are obtained during PST, individual therapy adaptations can be discussed with respect to mainly retrospective data of response to specific drugs. However, larger studies with longer follow-up are eagerly needed to draw firm conclusions before any specific treatment recommendations can be given for BRCA mutation carriers. PST is an ideal setting to evaluate such treatment options and to describe predictive markers that can help define subgroups that benefit most.     

Influence of Family History of Breast or Ovarian Cancer on Pathological Complete Response and Long-Term Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

PurposeIn breast cancer, a pathological complete response (pCR) has been described as generally resulting in a favorable prognosis. However, there are subgroups, such as patients with a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, in which the effect of pCR on the prognosis is suspected to be weaker. Patients with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer may therefore react differently in relation to pCR and prognosis, and this is investigated in this study.Patients and MethodsBreast cancer patients were identified from a clinical breast cancer registry. The study subjects had been treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2001 to 2018 and their pathological and clinical information as well as medical family history were available. They were considered to have a positive family history if they had at least 1 first-degree relative with breast and/or ovarian cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to study the association between family history, pCR (ypT0; ypN0), and disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsOf 1,480 patients, 228 (15.4%) had a positive family history. The pCR rates were 24.9% in all patients, and 24.4% and 27.6% in those without/with a family history, respectively. Family history was not associated with a higher pCR rate (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85–1.76; p = 0.27) or a different disease-free survival (DFS; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.15; 95% CI 0.88–1.52; p = 0.30). pCR did not affect the prognosis differently in relation to family history.ConclusionsIn this retrospective analysis, family history was not associated with pCR and DFS. pCR improved survival, independently of family history.