缺血预处理对大鼠移植胰腺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制的研究

目的：探讨缺血预处理对大鼠移植胰腺冷缺血再灌注损伤和细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法：24只糖尿病SD大鼠随机分为缺血再灌注组（I/R组,n=6）和缺血预处理组（IPO组,n=18）,IPO组又根据不同方法分为3个亚组：IPO1组（再灌注30s,缺血30s1次,n=6）、IPO2组（再灌注30s,缺血30s3次,n=6）和IPO3组（再灌注30s,缺血30s6次,n=6）。24只SD大鼠为供体,I/R组和IPO组均行同种胰腺移植。另取6只SD大鼠为对照组。检测各组再灌注前、后血糖及再灌注后2h移植胰腺组织中SOD和MDA含量;TUNEL法观察移植胰腺组织细胞凋亡情况,WesternBlot检测移植胰腺组织Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达情况。结果：1）再灌注后IPO各组相对于I/R组血糖低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;IPO2组较IPO1组和IPO3组血糖低（P均〈0.05）;2）再灌注后IPO组较I/R组移植胰腺组织中SOD含量高（P均〈0.01）,MDA含量低（P均〈0.01）,IPO2组相对于IPO1组和IPO3组SOD含量高（P均〈0.05）、MDA含量低（P均〈0.05）。3）再灌注后IPO组较I/R组移植胰组织中AI值低（P均〈0.01）,IPO2组相对于IPO1组和IPO3组AI值低（P均〈0.05）;4）I/R组胰组织Bax蛋白高表达,Bcl-2蛋白低表达,IPO各组再灌注后移植胰组织Bax蛋白低表达,Bcl-2蛋白高表达,而IPO2组Bcl-2蛋白表达最高,Bax蛋白表达最低。结论：缺血预处理对大鼠移植胰腺的缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,并可以减少移植胰腺缺血再灌注后的细胞凋亡,机制与减少氧自由基、上调Bcl-2蛋白和下调Bax蛋白有关。再灌注30s缺血30s重复3次是最佳的大鼠移植胰缺血预处理诱导办法。     

缺血预处理对大鼠胰腺移植的保护作用

目的　探讨缺血预处理对大鼠胰腺移植的远期保护作用。方法　糖尿病大鼠随机分为缺血再灌注组(I/R组, n= 3 0 )和缺血预处理组(IPC组, n= 3 0 ),两组移植前2d,再灌注后3d和7d随机各杀死6只大鼠,取血查血糖及淀粉酶,同时取胰腺组织行HE染色; 6只大鼠用于观测各种代谢指标。其余6只大鼠用来观察大鼠存活率。结果　IPC组1个月存活率高于I/R组( 5 /6∶3 /6, P< 0. 0 1 );再灌注后IPC组各时间点血糖(P< 0. 0 1 )、血淀粉酶(P< 0. 0 1 )、进食量(P< 0. 0 5 )、排尿量(P< 0. 0 1 )和饮水量(P< 0. 0 5 )均低于I/R组;I/R组移植胰的损伤程度大于IPC组。结论　缺血预处理可增加大鼠胰腺移植的存活率,降低血淀粉酶活性,减轻胰腺的再灌注损伤程度,对大鼠胰腺移植具有保护作用。     

缺血再灌注预处理对血浆MDA、SOD及脊髓AQP4 mRNA的表达影响

目的 探讨腹主动脉缺血预处理对再灌注不同时问血浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及脊髓组织中水通道蛋白4(AQP4) mRNA表达的影响.方法 将54只体质量189 ～ 207 g雌雄不拘的SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和缺血预处理组(IPC组)3组.采用肾下腹主动脉阻断法,建立脊髓缺血再灌注模型;Sham组6只,手术开始步骤同其他两组,但不作肾下腹主动脉阻断即缝合伤口;I/R组24只,直视下采用动脉夹夹闭腹主动脉段左肾动脉分支起始处下方5 mm处(即肾动脉后型),仅阻断腹主动脉60 min后开放灌注;而IPC组24只,先阻断腹主动脉5min,开放5 min,再阻断60 min后开放灌注.再灌注后12h、1、2、5、10天分别进行神经功能评分,同时观察大鼠血浆MDA、SOD指标的水平,以及预处理对脊髓AQP4 mRNA表达的影响.结果 54只大鼠术后全部存活,I/R组行为学评分降低(P＜0.01),IPC组的神经功能评分在再灌注5天内均高于I/R组(P＜0.01),随着再灌注时间的延长行为学评分逐渐增加.I/R组血浆SOD水平仅在再灌注1天时较Sham组显著下降,随时间延长SOD水平逐渐升高与Sham组无差异,血浆各时间点MDA水平比Sham组低(P ＜0.05);IPC组SOD、MDA水平与Sham组比较没有差异.I/R组再灌注2天时AQP4mRNA表达显著增高(P＜0.01),之后降低至与Sham组无差异;IPC组在再灌注1天时即出现AQP4 mRNA表达明显升高(P＜0.05),之后表达逐渐降低,第5天时与Sham组无差异.IPC AQP4mRNA峰值明显低于I/R组(P＜0.01).结论 大鼠腹主动脉缺血再灌注的预处理IPC可能通过减轻由缺血再灌注造成的全身氧化应激反应和下调AQP4mRNA的表达,进而保护脊髓组织.     

缺血预处理对大鼠胰腺移植缺血/再灌注损伤的保护机制

目的探讨缺血预处理对大鼠胰腺移植缺血/再灌注损伤的保护机制。方法建立SD大鼠糖尿病模型。取糖尿病大鼠24只,随机分为缺血/再灌注组(I/R组,n=6)和缺血预处理组(IPC组,n=18),IPC组又平均分为3个亚组:IPC1组(阻断脾血管5min,再灌注5min)、IPC2组[(阻断脾血管5min,再灌注5min)×2次]和IPC3组[(阻断脾血管5min,再灌注5min)×3次]。另取健康SD大鼠6只作为对照组,仅打开腹腔,不做胰腺移植;I/R组和IPC组大鼠均行同种胰腺移植。检测各组胰腺移植再灌注后2h后移植胰组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活性;用原位末端脱氧核糖核酸转移标记(TUNEL)法观察移植胰组织的细胞凋亡情况;WesternBlot法检测移植胰组织Bcl-2和Bax基因表达情况。结果IPC各组与I/R组相比较,前者移植胰组织中SOD活性明显升高,MPO活性明显降低,细胞凋亡指数明显降低,Bcl-2表达明显升高,Bax表达明显降低,各项检测指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IPC各组中又以IPC2组的各项检测指标差异更为显著(P<0.05)。结论缺血预处理可以减少移植胰缺血/再灌注后的细胞凋亡,IPC2组的效果更为突出。其机制可能与缺血预处理减轻嗜中性粒细胞(PMNs)粘附与聚集、减少氧自由基、上调Bcl-2基因和下调Bax基因的表达有关。     

线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道阻断剂对在体大鼠肺缺血后处理的作用及其机制

目的 探讨缺血后处理(IPO)对大鼠在体肺缺血-再灌注损伤(I/R)的保护作用及线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道(mitoKATP)在缺血后处理效应中的作用.方法 将Wistar大鼠35只随机分为5组:假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注损伤组(I/R组)、缺血后处理组(IPO组)、缺血再灌注损伤+5-羟基葵酸盐组(I/R+5-HD组)、缺血后处理+5-羟基葵酸盐组(IPO+5-HD组).观察各组肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、湿/干比值(W/D)以及病理形态学改变.结果 I/R组与Sham组比较MDA含量增加[(5.07±1.60)nmol/mg prot比(1.43±0.41)nmol/mgprot,P＜0.01],SOD活性减低[(12.38±2.24)U/mg prot比(45.51±5.42)U/mg prot,P＜0.01],W/D比值增高(5.45±0.82比3.05±0.47,P＜0.01),肺组织形态及超微结构明显受损;IPO+5-HD组与IPO组比较MDA含量增加[(3.74±0.71)nmol/mg prot比(2.60±0.43)nmol/mg prot,P＜0.01],SOD活性减低[(22.91±2.71)U/mg prot比(28.74±2.03)U/mg prot,P＜0.01],W/D比值增高(4.64±0.79比3.89±0.60,P＜0.01),肺组织形态及超微结构明显受损;IPO组与I/R组比较,肺组织MDA含量减少[(2.60±0.43)nmol/mg prot比(5.07±1.60)nmol/mg prot,P＜0.01],SOD活性增高[(28.74±2.03)U/mg prot比(12.38±2.24)U/mg prot,P＜0.01],W/D比值减低(3.89±0.60比5.45±0.82,P＜0.01),肺组织病理形态学改变轻于I/R组;I/R+5-HD组与I/R组比较,肺组织MDA含量[(5.14±1.30)mol/mg prot比(5.07±1.60)mol/mg prot,P＞0.05)、SOD活性[(11.65±1.82)U/mg prot比(12.38±2.24)U/mg prot,P＞0.05]、W/D比变化(5.54±0.61比5.45±0.82),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),肺组织病理形态学改变无明显差异.IPO+5-HD组的各项指标介于IPO组和I/R组之间.结论 缺血后处理能减轻大鼠在体肺缺血再灌注损伤,mitoKATP参与了肺缺血后处理效应.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPO) on lung ischemic reperfusion (L/R) in rats in vivo and the mechanism of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) blocker in the ischemic postconditioning. Methods Thirty five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, I/R group, ischemic postconditioning (IPO) group, I/R +5-hydroxydecanoate (I/R + 5-HD) group, IPO + 5-HD group. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the lung homogenate, wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) was measured and pathological changes were also observed. Results The levels of MDA[(5.07±1.60) vs (1.43 ±0.41) nmol/mg prot,P＜0. 01]and W/D (5.45 ±0.82 vs 3.05 ±0. 47,P ＜0. 01 ) were increased significantly in I/R group as compared with sham group, while the activity of SOD[( 12. 38 ±2. 24) vs (45.51 ±5.42) U/mg prot,P ＜0. 01]was decreased, and the injury of lung tissues was significantly aggravated in IPO + 5-HD group as compared with IPO group[MDA: (3.74 ±0. 71 ) nmol/mg prot vs (2. 60 ± 0. 43 ) nmol/mg prot , P ＜ 0. 01]; W/D: 4. 64 ± 0. 79 vs 3. 89 ± 0. 60,P＜0.01; SOD:[(22.91 ±2.71) U/mg prot vs (28.74±2.03) U/mg prot,P＜0. 01]. The levels of MDA[(2.60±0.43) vs (5.07 ±1.60) nmol/mg prot,P＜0. 01]and W/D (3.89 ±0.60 vs 5.45 ±0. 82,P ＜0. 01 ) were decreased significantly in IPO group as compared with I/R group, the activity of SOD[(28.74±2.03) vs (12.38 ±2.24) U/mg prot,P＜0. 01]increased and lung tissue histological damage attenuated. The difference in MDA[(5.14 ± 1.30) vs (5.07 ± 1.60) nmol/mg prot, P ＞ 0. 05],W/D (5.54±0.61 vs5.45 ±0.82,P＞0.05) and SOD[(11.65 ±1.82) vs (12.38 ±2.24) U/mgprot,P ＞ 0. 05]levels had no statistical significance between I/R + 5-HD group and I/R group, and the injury of lung tissues had no significant difference too. Each index in IPO + 5-HD group was between IPO and I/R groups. Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can attenuate the lung I/R injury, and mitoKATP plays a vital role in the protective procession of ischemic postconditioning on lung ischemic reperfusion.     

缺血后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用

目的探讨缺血后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法24只Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组(n=8):正常对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、缺血后处理组(IPC组)。采用大鼠离体心脏Langendorff灌流模型,C组用K-H液灌注160min;I/R组全心缺血40 min,再灌注120 min; IPC组全心缺血40 min后,再灌注10 s,缺血10 s,反复6次,然后持续再灌注118 min。测定再灌注15、30、120 min时冠脉流量(CF)及冠脉流出液心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度,再灌注120 min时,取心肌组织,测定丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,电镜下观察心肌细胞超微结构。结果缺血再灌注可导致CF降低,冠脉流出液cTnI浓度升高,心肌SOD活性下降,MDA含量升高,心肌细胞超微结构产生病理学改变,缺血后处理可减弱上述改变。结论缺血后处理减轻脂质过氧化反应,对大鼠离体缺血再灌注心脏产生保护作用。     

S-腺苷蛋氨酸对大鼠缺血再灌注肝脏能量代谢的影响

目的研究S-腺苷蛋氨酸(SAM)预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤线粒体功能的影响。方法54只大鼠按随机数字表法随机均分为对照组、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和SAM组,SAM组大鼠肝脏在缺血前2h行腹腔注射SAM预处理。3组动物在阻断肝门30min后(对照组仅做分离,不阻断肝门)复流,并于再灌注后0、1和6h抽取下腔静脉血检测ALT及AST,切取肝组织检测线粒体SOD、MDA、ATP及EC,并制备病理切片在电镜下观察线粒体的超微结构。结果再灌注后0、1及6h,I/R组ALT、AST和MDA明显高于对照组(P<0.01),SOD(除0h外)、ATP及EC明显低于对照组(P<0.01);SAM组ALT、AST及MDA(除0h外)明显低于I/R组(P<0.01),SOD(除0h外)、ATP及EC明显高于I/R组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。超微结构观察,I/R组线粒体较对照组有明显的损伤,线粒体数量减少,肿胀明显,嵴模糊不清,基质密度低;而SAM组与I/R组相比损伤程度明显减轻。结论SAM能抑制线粒体脂质过氧化反应,提高ATP的产生,最终提高线粒体的能量代谢水平,有效地减轻肝脏的缺血再灌注损伤。     

不同时间的缺血预处理对肝硬化大鼠缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨缺血预处理(IPC)对肝硬化大鼠缺血再灌注损伤(I/R)的保护作用,并寻找对肝硬化I/R保护作用的最佳有效时间窗和理想方案.方法 通过构建正常大鼠及肝硬化大鼠模型,以正常肝脏I/R(A组)和正常肝脏10-10 min-IPC方案(B组)为对照组,肝硬化组则分别施行单纯I/R(C组)、5-10 min(D组)、8-10min(E组)、10-10 min(F组)及15-10 min(G组)的IPC方案,每组18只,分别在术后1 h、4 h及24 h三个时间点采静脉血,检测血清ALT、AST、LDH及肝组织中MDA、MPO、NO、SOD水平,评价肝功能及肝脏组织炎性浸润及抗损伤程度.结果 肝脏缺血30 min后肝脏功能受损明显,表现为各组的ALT、AST、LDH水平升高,尤以再灌注4 h时显著(P<0.05),但经过缺血预处理后,各IPC组中的NO、MDA、MPO及SOD水平亦显著高于其对应的I/R组,以E组的差别有显著意义(P<0.05).结论 10-10 min的IPC方案对于正常肝脏I/R确有保护作用,而8-10 min的IPC方案能最有效地启动对肝硬化大鼠肝脏I/R的保护作用.     

不同时限缺血预处理对硬化肝脏保护作用的实验研究

目的: 探讨缺血预处理对硬化肝脏缺血再灌注的作用,并寻找一种有效缺血预处理的时间窗和理想方案. 方法: 将64只雄性、肝硬化SD大鼠随机分为八组,每组八只:假手术组(SO组);缺血再灌注组(I/R组);缺血预处理1、2、3、4、5和6组(IPC1、IPC2、IPC3、IPC4、IPC5和IPC6).以肝组织ATP、ADP、AMP及EC(用高效液相色谱法测定),血清ALT、AST、LDH(用全自动生化仪测定)和肝脏胆汁分泌量来评价肝功能. 结果: 再灌注末,IPC3组、IPC4组、IPC5组ATP含量均明显高于I/R组(P分别为0.01、0.07和0.000);同样,测定EC时发现,IPC3组、IPC4组和IPC5组均明显高于I/R组(P=0.000).与I/R组比较,IPC4组和IPC5组的血清ALT差异有显著性(P分别为0.013和0.000);其血清LDH差异亦有显著性(P=0.023,P=0.000),而血清AST却只有IPC5组显著低于I/R组(P=0.001).IPC3组、IPC4组和IPC5组肝脏的胆汁分泌量明显高于I/R组(P=0.028,P=0.023,P=0.008). 结论: 5~10min予一次或两次缺血预处理,能启动IPC对肝硬化大鼠肝脏I/R损伤的保护作用;10 min的缺血预处理,对肝硬化大鼠肝脏I/R损伤的保护作用最强.     

小剂量异丙酚联合缺血后处理对豚鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨小剂量异丙酚联合缺血后处理对豚鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 24只白色雄性豚鼠,随机分为4组(n=6):缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、异丙酚组(P组)、缺血后处理组(IPC组)和异丙酚+缺血后处理组(P+IPC组).I/R组结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注90 min;P组自再灌注前5 min至再灌注15 min静脉输注异丙酚4 mg·kg-1·h-1;IPC组心肌缺血30 min,再灌注15 s,缺血15 s,反复4次,持续再灌注88 min;P+IPC组自再灌注前5 min至再灌注15 min静脉输注异丙酚4 mg·kg-1·h-1,余同IPC组.记录缺血前和再灌注90 min时左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)和左室压力变化速率(±dp/dtmax),计算左室发展压(LVDP=LVSP-LVEDP);再灌注90 min时取动脉血,测定血清肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,取血后处死豚鼠,取心肌组织,测定心肌组织丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 与I/R组比较,P+IPC组再灌注90 min时LVDP和±dp/dtmax升高,LVEDP降低,血清CK、LDH活性及心肌组织MDA含量减少,心肌组织SOD活性增加(P＜0.05),P组和IPC组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 再灌注前5 min至再灌注15 min静脉输注异丙酚4 mg·kg-1·h-1联合缺血后处理可通过抑制脂质过氧化反应,减轻豚鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

MicroRNA-1和microRNA-21在缺血预处理、后处理及远端预处理中的表达变化

目的 通过离体缺血-再灌注心脏模型,观察缺血预处理(IPC)、缺血后处理(IPO)和肢体远端预处理(RIPC)后心脏microRNA1(miRNA-1)和microRNA21 (miRNA-21)的表达变化,以及它们所调控靶蛋白热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)和程序性细胞死亡4(PDCD4)表达变化,期望从miRNA调控水平揭示心脏的内源性保护机制.方法 取Sprague-Dawley (SD)大鼠心脏,建立离体Langendorff心肌缺血-再灌注模型,随机分为4组(每组12只),对照组、IPC组、IPO组和RIPC组.检测各组血流动力学指标,蛋白印迹法(Western blotting)检测PpDCD4、HSP70、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bc1-2)和Bc1-2相关X蛋白(Bax)含量,taqman探针法检测miRNA-1和miRNA-21含量,末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的原位缺口标记法(TUNEL)检测心肌细胞凋亡,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)法检测心肌梗死面积. 结果 IPC组心肌的miRNA-1和miRNA-21表达明显高于对照组,但RIPC组和IPO组心肌的miRNA-1表达较对照组明显降低( P＜0.05).IPC组、RIPC组和IPO组心肌中HSP70、PDCD4和Bax蛋白含量较对照组明显减少(P＜ 0.05),Bc1-2蛋白含量各组间差异无统计学意义.IPC组、RIPC组和IPO组左室心肌梗死面积/左室总面积以及心肌细胞凋亡率明显低于对照组(P＜ 0.05). 结论 miRNA-1和miRNA-21在缺血预处理、缺血后处理和远端预处理后,表达变化是不同的,同时各处理组中miRNA与其靶蛋白并不都是负性调节关系.     

Ischemic post-conditioning attenuates renal ischemic reperfusion injury via down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 in diabetic rats

Background: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation, is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF). The ischemic ARF in diabetic rats is much more severe than that in the normal rats exposed to as same ischemic time. Ischemic post-conditioning (IPO) is a phenomenon by which intermittent interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion can protect organs from I/R injury. To determine whether the renal protection effect of IPO mediates by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in diabetic rats.

Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, I/R group, and IPO group. Except sham operation group, rats were subjected to 30?min of renal ischemia, both with and without treatment with IPO, then reperfusion 24?h. Light microscope and transmission electronic microscope were used to observe structural changes of renal tubule. RT-PCR was used to measure TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression level, renal TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) protein expression was detected by Western blot.

Results: The results demonstrated that IPO markedly decreased renal ischemic injury caused by I/R and inhibited the proinflammatory expression levels of TLR4, TNF-α, and NF-κB, all of which up-regulated by I/R in diabetic rats.

Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that proper IPO may have protective effect on the ischemic injury mediated by renal I/R, which might be associated with inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway in diabetic rats.     

Ischemic preconditioning fails to improve microcirculation but increases apoptotic cell death in experimental pancreas transplantation

Brief periods of warm ischemia and subsequent short reperfusion before either long-term cold or warm ischemic insult (ischemic preconditioning, IPC) have proven to ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in various organs, such as the liver and lung. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of IPC on pancreatic cell apoptosis and microcirculatory impairments in experimental pancreas transplantation. Male Lewis rats served as donors and recipients of heterotopic syngeneic pancreaticoduodenal transplantation. Recipient animals were divided into two experimental groups: group Tx (n=7) received grafts without IPC, group Tx&IPC received grafts with IPC. Animals that had not undergone transplantation but whose pancreata had been exteriorized served as controls (n=5). All pancreatic grafts were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution for 6 h at 4°C. IPC was induced by interruption of the arterial blood flow for 10 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion. One and two hours after reperfusion, graft microcirculation was assessed by means of intravital microscopy (IVM). Rats were immediately killed after the second measurement and DNA breaks of acinar cells were detected by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and gel electrophoresis (laddering). The apoptotic index (AI) was defined as the number of apoptotic cells per high-power field. Analysis of both groups of transplanted grafts showed a significant decrease in functional capillary density (FCD) and a significant increase in leukocyte sticking to postcapillary venules (LAV) at 1 h and 2 h of reperfusion, compared with animals that had not undergone transplantation (P<0.01). In parallel, AI was significantly increased in transplanted grafts compared to the controls (P<0.01). Grafts subjected to IPC showed no significant differences, neither for FCD nor LAV, at both time points if compared with grafts of group Tx. However, IPC resulted in a significant increase in AI (P<0.05). We can conclude that IPC has no effect on pancreatic microcirculation but enhances acinar cell apoptosis in experimental pancreas transplantation. These results indicate that IPC might increase I/R injury after pancreatic cold ischemia.     

缺血预处理对大鼠减体积肝移植术后Akt生存信号通路的影响及其意义

目的 探讨缺血预处理(IPC)对大鼠减体积肝移植术后Akt生存信号通路的影响及意义.方法 将36只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组:50%减体积肝移植组(Control组)和IPC组,Western blot检测肝组织总Akt和p-Akt及其下游的p-Bad和p-GSK3β蛋白水平,同时结合血清学和组织病理学分析Akt生存信号通路变化的意义.结果 与Control组比较,IPC组术后6、24 h丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平显著下降(6 h:1064.49±126.53比802.90±82.39;24 h:1401.13±172.73比943.80±116.25,P<0.01);Control组术后24 h,肝细胞明显空泡样变性伴局部坏死,小叶结构破坏,门脉周围水肿、充血,炎症细胞浸润明显,而IPC组损伤减轻;Western blot结果显示:与Control组比较,IPC组术后2、6、24 h肝组织中p-Akt、p-Bad、p-GSK3β蛋白水平上调.结论 IPC明显减轻减体积肝移植术后再灌注损伤,其机制可能与激活Akt生存信号通道密切相关.     

缺血后处理和预处理对大鼠骨骼肌缺血-再灌注损伤的作用

目的 探讨缺血后处理( IPost)和缺血预处理(IPC)对大鼠骨骼肌缺血再灌注(IR)损伤的影响.方法 将40只大鼠随机分成缺血再灌注组(A组)、缺血后处理组(B组)、缺血预处理组(C组)、缺血预处理加缺血后处理组(D组)以及对照组(E组),采用切断患肢全部皮肤、肌肉和神经,保留患肢股动、静脉的动物模型,通过夹闭和开放股动、静脉造成骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤,通过测定骨骼肌缺血4h、再灌注1h后血清丙二醛(MDA)和骨骼肌髓过氧化物酶(MPO),以及再灌注6h后骨骼肌的坏死程度来观察缺血后处理.缺血预处理及缺血预处理加缺血后处理对大鼠骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响.结果 B组、C组和D组再灌注1 h MDA和MPO水平以及再灌注6h骨骼肌坏死程度均低于A组(P＜ 0.05),但是高于E组(P＜0.05);B组和D组再灌注1 h MDA和MPO水平以及再灌注6h骨骼肌坏死程度基本相同(P＞0.05);B组和D组再灌注1 h MDA和MPO水平低于C组(P＜0.05),但再灌注6h骨骼肌坏死程度基本相同(P＞0.05).结论 应用缺血后处理和缺血预处理对大鼠骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护效果,联合应用缺血后处理和缺血预处理,对骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用并没有明显增强.     

The liver protective effect of ischemic preconditioning may be mediated by adenosine

Abstract We investigated the involvement of adenosine in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) by the unspecific antagonist, 8‐phenyltheophylline (8‐PT). Anesthetized Wistar rats were treated as follows: 1. nonischemic controls, 2. ischemic controls: 60 min of clamping of the common hepatic artery followed by 60 min reperfusion, 3. IPC: 10 min ischemia followed by 15 min reperfusion, prior to the identical ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) period as in group 2, 4. 8‐PT + IPC: 8‐PT 10 mg/kg i. v. was given 10 min prior to the identical procedure as in group 3. The peripheral liver blood flow was monitored by laser‐Doppler flowmetry. Blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was analyzed once every 60 min. IPC significantly reduced impairment of liver blood flow, as well as ALT increase during reperfusion. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with 8‐PT. Adenosine appears to be a crucial effector in IPC. Clinical studies need to be undertaken to explore a possible effect of IPC in liver transplantation.     

缺血后处理对大鼠肝缺血再灌注时肝细胞线粒体膜通透性转换和膜电位的影响

目的 评价缺血后处理对大鼠肝缺血再灌注时肝细胞线粒体膜通透性转换和膜电位(△Ψm)的影响.方法 成年健康雄性SD大鼠40只,体重220～260 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为5组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、苍术苷+假手术组(A+S组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、缺血后处理组(IPO组)和苍术苷+缺血后处理组(A+IPO组).采用阻断肝中叶和左叶60 min,恢复血流灌注6 h的方法 建立大鼠肝缺血再灌注模型.S组和A+S组仅游离肝门,不阻断血管;A+S组关腹前静脉注射苍术苷5 mg/kg;IR组制备肝缺血再灌注模型;IPO组于再灌注前行缺血后处理,再灌注1 min,缺血1 min,反复3次;A+IPO组于再灌注前静脉注射苍术苷5 mg/kg.于缺血前即刻和再灌注6 h时,采集左颈静脉血样,测定血清ALT和AST的活性.再灌注6 h时处死大鼠,取肝左叶组织,观察超微结构和细胞凋亡情况,计算凋亡指数,测定细胞色素c(Cyt c)的表达水平、△Ψm和线粒体通透性转换孔(MPTP)活性.结果 与S组比较,A+S组时血清ALT和AST的活性、凋亡指数、Cyt c表达、△Ψm和MPTP活性差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),IR组、IPO组和A+IPO组再灌注6 h时血清ALT和AST的活性、凋亡指数升高,Cyt c表达上调,△Ψm降低,MPTP活性升高(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,IPO组血清ALT和AST的活性、凋亡指数降低,Cyt c表达下调,△Ψm升高,MPTP活性降低(P＜0.05),肝组织病理学损伤减轻,A+IPO组各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与IPO组比较,A+IPO组血清ALT和AST的活性、凋亡指数升高,Cyt c表达上调,△Ψm降低,MPTP活性升高(P＜0.05),肝组织病理学损伤加重.结论 缺血后处理可抑制肝细胞线粒体膜通透性转换,减少线粒体△Ψm的耗散,从而减轻大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemic postconditioning on mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondrial transmembrane potential(△Ψm)following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)in rats.Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 220-260 g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group:sham operation group(group S);atractyloside+sham operation group(group A+S);I/R group;ischemic postconditioning group(group IPO)and atractyloside+ischemic postconditioning group(group A+IPO).The animals were anesthetized with intramuscular injection of atropine 0.05 mg/kg.Hepatic I/R was produced by occlusion of hepatic blood flow for 60 min followed by 6 h reperfusion.In group A+S,atractyloside 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously before abdomen Was closed.In group IPO,the animals were subjected to 3 cycles of 1 min reperfusion interspersed with 1 min hepatic isehemia at the end of 60 min hepatic ischemia.In group A+IPO,atractyloside 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously before reperfusion. Venous blood samples were collected for determination of serum ALT and AST activities immediately before ischemia and at 6 h of reperfusion. The animals were then sacrificed.Their livers were removed for microscopic examination, detection of apoptosis and determination of cytochrome c (Cyt c) expression, △Ψm and mitochonerial permeability transition pore (MPTP)activity. Apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Results There was no significant difference in serum ALT and AST activities, AI, Cyt c expression, △Ψm and MPTP activity between S and A + S groups (P＞0.05). Compared with group S, serum ALT and AST activities and AI were significantly increased, Cyt c expression was up-regulated, △Ψm was decreased and MPTP activity was increased in groups I/R, IPO and A+IPO(P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R, serum ALT and AST activities and AI were significantly decreased,Cyt c expression was down-regulated, △Ψm was increased and MPTP activity was decreased in group IPO(P＜0.05), while no significant change was found in group A+IPO(P＞0.05).Compared with group IPO,serum ALT and AST activities and AI were significantly increased, Cyt c expression was up-regulated, △Ψm was decreased and MPTP activity was increased in group A + IPO(P＜ 0.05).Microscopic examination showed that hepatic injury was reduced in group IPO compared with group I/R, while aggravated in group A+ IPO compared with group IPO. Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can protect liver from I/R injury by attenuating the I/R-induced increase in MPTP opening and decrease in △Ψm in rats.