国产氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征经皮冠脉介入术的疗效

目的：研究国产氯吡格雷用于非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征（NSTEACS）急诊经皮冠脉介入（PCI）治疗患者的疗效及安全性。方法：确诊NSTEACS并接受急诊PCI的患者176例,分成国产氯吡格雷组（接受泰嘉治疗,89例）和进口氯吡咯雷组（接受波立维治疗,87例）。PCI治疗前两组分别接受泰嘉、波立维每日600mg。PCI后每日分别接受75mg至1年以上。观察两组患者的疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果：国产氯吡格雷组与进口氯吡格雷组达到的完全血运重建率（79．8％比89．3％．P=0．477）,主要不良心脑血管事件（MACCE）发生率（9．0％比6．9％,P=0．608）,不良反应的发生率（5．6％比8．0％,P=0．523）均无显著差异。结论：国产氯吡格雷（泰嘉）治疗急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死的疗效和安全性与进口氯吡格雷相当。     

氯吡格雷治疗非ST段抬高的心肌梗死疗效观察

目的评价联合应用氯吡格雷治疗非ST段抬高的心肌梗死的疗效。方法60名诊断为急性非ST段抬高的心肌梗死患者随机分为3组,标准治疗组（对照组）、联合氯吡格雷1个月组（1个月组）、联合氯吡格雷6个月组（6个月组）,观察指标为半年内发生的心血管事件。结果对照组13名（65%）、1个月组6名（30%）、6个月组1名（5%）发生心血管事件。1月组分别与对照组,6月组比较均P<0.05。结论标准治疗联合应用氯吡格雷治疗急性非ST段抬高的心肌梗死,可有效地预防心血管事件,而且联合应用6个月比1个月治疗效果更明显。     

急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后应用国产硫酸氢氯吡格雷的疗效

比较急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者择期PCI术后国产氯吡格雷（泰嘉,Talcom）和进口氯吡格雷（波立维,Plavix）应用的有效性和安全性。方法：158例行择期PCI的ACS患者随机分为：国产氯吡格雷组和进口氯吡格雷组,各79例。随访12个月以上,观察两组术后不良心血管事件及药物不良反应情况。结果：进口氯吡格雷组心源性死亡1例、非致死性心肌梗死1例、靶血管再次血运重建1例、脑卒中1例。国产氯吡格雷组心源性死亡0例、非致死性心肌梗死1例、靶血管再次血运重建2例、脑卒中1例。两组心血管不良事件发生率无显著差异（5.06%比5.06%,P〉0.05）。药物不良反应：进口氯吡格雷组胃肠道反应5例、出血1例、血小板减少1例。国产氯吡格雷组胃肠道反应7例、出血1例、血小板减少2例,两组不良反应发生率无显著差异（8.86%比12.66%,P〉0.05）。结论：与进口氯吡格雷相比,国产氯吡格雷应用于PCI术后患者是安全、有效的。     

氯吡格雷对非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者炎症的影响

目的探讨氯吡格雷对非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者炎症因子的近期及长期影响。方法采用病例对照研究，接受介入治疗的非ST段抬高的ACS患者被分成两组，两组均接受标准治疗，其中A组（72例）服用氯吡格雷（波立维）75mg／d共1年，B组（93例）服用氯吡格雷75mg／d共6个月，分别检测两组在服药前及服药后第1、3、6、12个月的高敏C反应蛋白（hSCRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）等炎症标记物水平。结果与治疗前比，两组患者在治疗后第1、3、6个月时的CRP、IL-6均明显降低，但两组间CRP等同期比较无明显差异；第12个月时A组CRP、IL-6仍继续下降，B组CRP等轻度升高，且显著高于A组患者。结论氯吡格雷具有独立的抗炎作用，长期与阿司匹林等合用可进一步降低炎症水平。     

高负荷量氯吡格雷对中高危非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者行PCI的疗效观察

目的 探讨行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前,高负荷量氯吡格雷对中高危非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者的近期疗效和安全性.方法 选择中高危非ST段抬高型ACS患者238例,随机分为观察组120例、对照组118例.行PCI前,观察组给予高负荷量氯吡格雷600mg顿服,对照组给予常规负荷量氯吡格雷300 mg顿服;观察两组行PCI后即刻病变血管的TIMI血流和心肌灌注指标,随访其行PCI后30 d内主要心血管事件和出血并发症发生率.结果 PCI后即刻,两组冠脉造影达到TIMI血流3级的发生率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);与对照组比较,观察组心肌灌注TMPG 2级以上发生率高,校正TIMI计帧数小,PCI后30d内主要心血管事件发生率降低(P均＜0.05).两组30 d内出血事件发生率无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 高负荷量氯吡格雷可显著改善中高危非ST抬高型ACS患者的PCI后心肌灌注,减少其PCI后30 d内不良心血管事件发生,且不增加出血风险.     

非ST段抬高心肌梗死老年患者的预后分析及治疗

目的探究分析非ST段抬高心肌梗死老年患者的治疗方案及其预后。方法选取我院在2015年1月~2016年1月收治老年非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者50例为研究对象,依照治疗方法不同分为两组,对照组采取阿司匹林治疗,观察组患者采取氯吡格雷治疗,对比分析两组患者的出血风险和心脏事件发生率。结果观察组患者出血率(8.0%)明显低于对照组(20.0%),且观察组患者的心脏事件发生率(8.0%)与对照组(12.0%)比较并无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氯吡格雷抗栓治疗老年非ST段抬高心肌梗死的临床效果显著,能够有效减少出血风险,且不会增加心脏不良事件发生率,对改善预后具有积极的影响作用,值得临床推广应用。     

国产氯吡格雷(泰嘉)与进口氯吡格雷(波立维)PCI术后应用的有效性和安全性对照研究

目的 比较冠状动脉支架后国产氯吡格雷（泰嘉）与进口氯吡格雷（波立维）抗血小板治疗的有效性及安全性.方法 选取2008年1月至2009年2月在沈阳市红十字会医院行冠状动脉支架术患者168例,随机分为泰嘉组80例,波立维组88例.泰嘉组患者接受标准阿司匹林治疗及术后服用泰嘉75mg,1次/d,6个月后改为50 mg,1次/d;波立维组患者采用标准阿司匹林、波立维两联抗血小板治疗.研究主要终点为随访1年时的心源性死亡、非致死性心梗（MI）、靶血管重建（TVR）及脑卒中;次要终点为随访1年时的出血事件及不良反应停药.结果 两组临床基线资料、冠状动脉造影及PCI结果差异无统计学意义.随访1年时心源性死亡、MI、TVR及脑卒中发生率泰嘉组分别为4.20%、0、12.50%和1.25%,波立维组分别为3.70%、0、10.00%和1.13%,二者相比差异无统计学意义;两组出血事件发生率比较差异亦无统计学意义.结论 冠脉药物洗脱支架（DES）术后联合应用国产氯吡格雷（泰嘉）或进口氯吡格雷（波立维）及阿司匹林抗血小板治疗安全有效.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者静脉用泮托拉唑钠对氯吡格雷有效性的影响

目的观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者冠心病监护病房住院期间静脉应用泮托拉唑钠对氯吡格雷有效性的影响。方法将符合急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死诊断标准并接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的住院患者随机分为两组：质子泵抑制剂（PPI）组：泮托拉唑钠40mg,20：／天,静滴7天;氯吡格雷负荷量300mg,顿服,此后75mg／d,口服。非PPI组：不予泮托拉唑钠治疗,余治疗同PPI组。观察应用氯吡格雷后第5天腺苷二磷酸抑制率及住院期间心血管事件发生率。结果氯吡格雷用药第5天时,PPI组抑制率平均为（48．3±14．0）％,非PPI组为（49．3±12．8）％,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组患者住院期间均未出现心血管事件。结论静脉用泮托拉唑钠不影响住院期问氯吡格雷的有效性。     

尿激酶联合氯吡格雷阿司匹林治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞疗效

目的：观察尿激酶溶栓联合氯吡格雷、阿司匹林治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞（STEMI）的临床疗效及安全性。方法：87例STEMI符合溶栓治疗患者,被随机分为两组,常规治疗组（40例）和氯吡格雷组（47例）,两组溶栓前均给予阿司匹林0．3g口服,氯吡格雷组于入院后即刻口服氯吡格雷300mg,次日改为75mg,1次／d,口服。观察两组治疗的血管再通率,30d内的主要心血管不良事件（死亡、AMI、恶性心律失常、肺水肿等）的发生率。结果：较之对照组,氯吡格雷组梗塞相关血管再通率明显提高（60．3％：74．5％,P〈0．05）,梗塞后心绞痛发生率、30d死亡及再发心肌梗塞率、严重心律失常发生率、肺水肿发生率均显著下降（P〈0．05）。结论：尿激酶溶栓联合氯吡格雷、阿司匹林治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞是安全有效的。     

氯吡格雷治疗非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征临床观察

目的:观察氯吡格雷治疗非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征(ASS)的临床效果及安全性。方法:207例符合ACS(不稳定心绞痛/非ST抬高心肌梗塞)的患者随机分为治疗组(103例)和对照组(104例)。治疗组为在对照组治疗基础上加氯吡格雷75 mg,1次/d,口服,共1个月。对照组应用低分于肝素、阿斯匹林及调脂治疗,根据病情再给予硝酸酯类、β受体阻滞剂、钙离子拮抗剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)类等药物。观察两组心电图改变,症状控制、主要终点事件及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗组心电图缺血性改变有明显好转(P<0.05),1个月内心肌梗塞及心脏猝死等主要终点事件下降,无严重不良反应。结论:氯吡格雷治疗急性冠脉综合症是安全有效的。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.