髂腹股沟皮瓣联合股部皮瓣带蒂瓦合移植在手部大面积套脱伤治疗中的应用

目的 介绍髂腹股沟皮瓣联合股部皮瓣带蒂移植治疗手部大面积套脱伤的手术方法和临床效果.方法 对7例手、腕及前臂部广泛皮肤套脱伤的患者,采用髂腹股沟皮瓣联合股前外侧皮瓣带蒂移植修复4例,联合阔筋膜张肌皮瓣带蒂移植2例,联合股前侧皮瓣带蒂移植1例.髂腹股沟部供区创面直接闭合,股部供区创面取全厚层皮片植皮覆盖.术后半个月拆线,并进行皮瓣夹蒂训练,术后1个月根据皮瓣夹蒂训练情况酌情断蒂.急诊一期修复2例,二期修复5例.结果 术后7例皮瓣全部存活,供区伤口I期愈合,随访2～6个月,皮瓣柔软,质地良好,皮瓣外形较臃肿,无坏死及破溃.结论 髂腹股沟皮瓣联合股部皮瓣带蒂移植,二者瓦合可覆盖全手及前臂大面积皮肤套脱伤,手术操作简单,安全性高,易于推广;该皮瓣缺点是需二期手术断蒂,且移植皮瓣外形臃肿,需后期整形.     

髂腹股沟轴型带蒂皮瓣在手外伤治疗中的应用体会

髂腹股沟轴型带蒂皮瓣在手部软组织缺损中应用较为普遍,该皮瓣是以旋髂浅动脉为营养的皮瓣,其手术操作简单,皮瓣存活率高。我院自2004年12月至2010年10月应用同侧带蒂髂腹股沟皮瓣修复手外伤26例,现报告如下。     

外科皮瓣在手外伤急诊修复中的临床应用

目的 总结应用外科皮瓣在急诊手外伤皮肤缺损修复手指创面的临床效果。方法 应用外科带蒂皮瓣修复皮肤缺损120例。其中，前臂逆行岛状皮瓣22例，指动脉岛状皮瓣10例，髂腹股沟皮瓣17例，胸部带蒂皮瓣40例，腹部带蒂皮瓣31例。结果 120例皮瓣全部成活，术后腹部皮瓣和髂腹股沟皮瓣因脂肪较厚，稍显得臃肿，全部做了去脂修整。随访6～18个月，手部功能、外形恢复良好。结论 应用带蒂皮瓣急诊修复手指外伤创面，具有操作简单：窄易掌孥、外形质地良好、皮瓣成活好等优点，可根据手的皮肤缺损实际情况选择应用。     

带蒂髂腹股沟皮瓣在儿童手爆炸伤中的临床应用

目的探讨在儿童手爆炸伤治疗中应用带蒂髂腹股沟皮瓣修复创面的临床效果。方法 2014年1月-2017年4月,对手爆炸伤的患儿急诊行伤口清创,固定骨与关节,修复肌腱、血管及神经,视组织损伤及创面情况,Ⅰ期行带蒂髂腹股沟皮瓣修复创面或行VSD治疗3～6 d后Ⅱ期行带蒂髂腹股沟皮瓣修复创面;皮瓣切取面积为6 cm×11 cm～10 cm×18 cm。3周后行皮瓣断蒂修整术。结果临床应用21例,2例分叶皮瓣部分远端坏死,经局部换药后创面逐渐愈合,其余19例皮瓣成活良好;3例皮瓣稍臃肿,其余18例皮瓣外观及质地满意;患肢活动功能恢复基本满意。结论应用带蒂髂腹股沟皮瓣修复儿童手爆炸伤创面具有操作简单、成活率高、供区隐蔽等优点,是理想的治疗方法。     

论著：髂腹股沟带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤

目的 应用髂腹股沟带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤。方法 将带旋髂浅血管或腹壁浅血管为蒂的髂腹股沟皮瓣的远端1／3～1／2修剪成带真皮下血管网薄皮瓣,修复除拇指以外的手部大面积皮肤缺损。结果 临床应用9例,皮瓣全部成活,外形及运动功能恢复满意。结论 带蒂髂腹股沟真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤是简单、有效的方法。     

髂腹股沟带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤

目的应用髂腹股沟带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤.方法将带旋髂浅血管或腹壁浅血管为蒂的髂腹股沟皮瓣的远端1/3～1/2修剪成带真皮下血管网薄皮瓣,修复除拇指以外的手部大面积皮肤缺损.结果临床应用9例,皮瓣全部成活,外形及运动功能恢复满意.结论带蒂髂腹股沟真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤是简单、有效的方法.     

髂腹股沟岛状皮瓣修复会阴部皮肤软组织缺损

会阴部解剖复杂、局部凹凸不平、易被污染,修复后外形和功能要求较高,因此,对其皮肤软组织缺损多采用皮瓣修复。髂腹股沟皮瓣自游离移植成功应用以来,由于该皮瓣血管变异较多,口径较细,目前多不主张切取游离皮瓣[1]。但使用带蒂或岛状移植确有其诸多的优点[2]。1990年来作者采用髂腹股沟皮瓣修复会阴部皮肤软组织缺损12例,皮瓣均一期成活,取得了满意的成果。作者体会该皮瓣仍不失为修复会阴部皮瓣软组织缺损之首选皮瓣。手术要点髂腹股沟皮瓣是以旋髂浅动脉为供血动脉,皮瓣的设计以腹股沟韧带中点下方约2.0cm股动脉搏动处为起点,斜向髂前上…     

髂腹部双叶皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损30例报告

目的　应用髂腹部带蒂双叶皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损。方法　双叶皮瓣为髂腹股沟皮瓣及下腹部皮瓣 ,此二皮瓣的轴心血管均起自股动脉 ,以股动脉为共同蒂部 ,以旋髂浅动脉和腹壁浅动脉的各自血管走行为双叶皮瓣的轴心线 ,来设计切取皮瓣。结果　 30例皮瓣全部成活 ,且手外观满意。结论　髂腹部双叶皮瓣是修复手部皮肤缺损的有效方法之一 ,该手术操作简便 ,尤其适合修复手部大面积皮肤缺损及不规则创面。     

应用游离髂腹股沟皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损

目的 探讨游离髂腹股沟皮瓣移植修复四肢软组织缺损的临床效果. 方法 临床应用旋髂浅动脉为蒂的髂腹股沟皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损6例,皮瓣切取最大面积16 cm × 8 cm,最小12cm×6 cm. 结果 成活5例,1例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,经换药愈合,术后随访6～18个月,移植的皮瓣色泽、质地良好,无破溃,修复的肢体外观、功能均良好. 结论 以旋髂浅血管为蒂的髂腹股沟皮瓣具有血供可靠、供区隐蔽、修复四肢软组织缺损临床效果好的特点.     

带血管蒂皮瓣修复足跟部缺损

目的：探讨足跟部软组织缺损皮瓣修复的治疗效果。方法：应用６种带血管蒂皮瓣移植进行修复。结果：本组３２例，经随访半年～６年，除２例皮瓣部分坏死，其余３０例皮瓣成活良好，功能改善。结论：由于足底皮肤缺损修复的特殊性，应用带蒂皮瓣移植修复，血供丰富，有益于足跟功能重建，根据缺损的具体情况，选择不同的带蒂皮瓣，并证实了带腓肠神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣移植为修复跟底皮肤缺损的一种较好方法。     

Combined ischemic preconditioning and laser Doppler measurement for early division of pedicled groin flap.

OBJECTIVES: The main disadvantage of the pedicled groin flap for hand reconstruction is the long period of immobilization required. Early division of the pedicled groin flap is desirable for both patients and surgeons. The aims of this study were to investigate whether ischemic preconditioning can effectively accelerate the neovascularization of the junction between the donor and recipient sites in the pedicled flap, and the most objective method of judging the timing of early division of the pedicled groin flap. This report is the first prospective study to use ischemic preconditioning for early division of pedicled cutaneous flap combined with laser Doppler measurement. METHODS: The severe hand injuries of 12 patients were reconstructed by using the pedicled groin flap method. The ischemic preconditioning program was prospectively performed as scheduled for 5 to 7 days postoperatively. The pedicled groin flap was monitored with laser Doppler when the flap was elevated, inset, with clamping and nonclamping postoperatively. RESULTS: Eleven of the 12 pedicled groin flaps were divided safely and survived completely. Only one pedicled groin flap with a simultaneous harvest of iliac bone graft had partial flap loss, giving a success rate of 90.1%. CONCLUSION: With ischemic preconditioning, the pedicled groin flap can be safely divided postoperatively at a mean period of 8.4 days according to the laser Doppler measurement, especially when the perfusion unit ratio of clamping over nonclamping reaches more than 36.6%.     

岛状股前外侧皮瓣修复腹股沟及会阴部创面

目的探讨一种皮瓣修复会阴部及腹股沟创面的方法。方法设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的岛状股前外侧皮瓣,掀起皮瓣后经过皮下隧道将其转移至会阴部及腹股沟创面。结果临床治疗12例,皮瓣面积为8cm×11cm～18cm×20cm。除1例皮瓣靠近肛门处部分表皮坏死外,其余成活良好,外形恢复满意。结论以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的岛状股前外侧皮瓣是修复会阴部及腹股沟创面较好的方法。     

Resurfacing deep wound of upper extremities with pedicled groin flaps

A total of 29 axial pedicled groin skin flaps were applied clinically with satisfactory result excepting for one flap which tailed on transplantation. These cases included severe scar contracture of the dorsum of hands in 20 patients, deeply burned wounds with infection and exposure of deep structure in upper extremities in nine patients, such as electrical burns and hot-crushing injuries. The flap is supplied by two groups of nutrient vessels with abundant vascularization and located in a hidden area. Therefore, the pedicled groin skin flap is still valuable due to its advantages as safe, easy operation and strong antiinfective ability although the free groin flap is more widely used today.     

Pedicled posteromedial thigh (PMT) flap: A new alternative for groin defect reconstruction

The posterior medial thigh is mainly vascularized by the profunda femoris artery (PFA), which nourishes the adductor magnus muscle and overlying skin, to supply a number of perforators that can potentially be used as pedicles for local perforator flaps. Here we present two cases utilizing the pedicled posteromedial thigh flap (PMT) to reconstruct the groin defects. Two patients underwent resection for metastatic malignant melanoma resulting in large defects of the groin with exposure of major inguinal vessels; the dimensions of the skin defects were 15 cm × 5 cm and 16 cm × 6 cm, two ipsilateral pedicled PMT flaps were designed to cover the defects. The pedicled PMT flaps were based on perforators arising from the PFA and were transposed through a submuscular tunnel into the defect. The postoperative course was uneventful and the wounds were reconstructed successfully. The pedicled PMT flap may be an option for reconstruction of groin defects and could be incorporated into the armamentarium of the reconstructive microsurgeon. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:339–343, 2017.     

Secondary coverage of the hand using a dorsalis pedis plus first web space free flap.

Traditionally, severe degloving injuries of the hand have been treated with random abdominal or pedicled groin flaps, which offer good cutaneous coverage but do not provide sensibility. The authors present the results of the application of an extended dorsalis pedis plus first web space of the foot flap to resurface the hands of five male patients who had been treated originally with random abdominal or pedicled groin flaps. The reported flap has the advantage of providing the patient with up to three different nerve territories, aiding in a better functional use of the hand.     

Pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap: an alternative method to repair groin and scrotal defects

With minimal donor-site morbidity and bulky soft tissue supply, deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is now a preferred free flap in reconstructive surgery. Based on the experiences in free flap procedures, the authors explored a new usage of the DIEP flap to repair groin and scrotal defects. Over the last 2 years, 8 pedicled DIEP island flaps were successfully elevated and transferred in 7 male patients. With intramuscular dissection, the pedicle length could be elongated, with minimal damage to the abdominal fascia-muscular structure. Among these flaps, 5 were used for penoscrotal restore; 3 were raised to repair groin defects. All flaps survived completely. Groin reconstruction with such a flap gave a satisfactory esthetic result. Though somewhat bulky for penoscrotal restoration, it was acceptable for elderly patients. The authors conclude that this flap can be chosen as an alternative option to deal with complex groin and scrotal wounds.     

Upper extremity salvage using the tensor fascia lata flap: report of two cases

The tensor fascia lata pedicled flap was successfully used to salvage 3 severely injured upper extremities in 2 patients. Both patients had undergone 3 prior free tissue transfers without complete closure of their wounds. All 3 tensor fascia lata flaps (2 myocutaneous, 1 myofascial) survived entirely. We believe this flap offers a distinct advantage compared with the groin flap when pedicled flap coverage of the upper extremity is required.     

Morbidity of the groin flap transfer: are we getting something for nothing?

The morbidity of pedicled groin flap transfer for upper extremity soft tissue reconstruction was investigated in 24 patients. The problems of the transferred flaps and of the donor site, and associated illness after the operation, are reported. The morbidity of groin flaps should be considered carefully, especially if transfer is planned in older patients.     

Foot and ankle reconstruction: An experience on the use of 14 different flaps in 226 cases

The aim of this report was to present our experience on the use of different flaps for soft tissue reconstruction of the foot and ankle. From 2007 to 2012, the soft tissue defects of traumatic injuries of the foot and ankle were reconstructed using 14 different flaps in 226 cases (162 male and 64 female). There were 62 pedicled flaps and 164 free flaps used in reconstruction. The pedicled flaps included sural flap, saphenous flap, dorsal pedal neurocutaneous flap, pedicled peroneal artery perforator flap, pedicled tibial artery perforator flap, and medial plantar flap. The free flaps were latissimus musculocutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap, groin flap, lateral arm flap, anterolateral thigh perforator flap, peroneal artery perforator flap, thoracdorsal artery perforator flap, medial arm perforator flap. The sensory nerve coaptation was not performed for all of flaps. One hundred and ninety‐four cases were combined with open fractures. One hundred and sixty‐two cases had tendon. Among 164 free flaps, 8 flaps were completely lost, in which the defects were managed by the secondary procedures. Among the 57 flaps for plantar foot coverage (25 pedicled flaps and 32 free flaps), ulcers were developed in 5 pedicled flaps and 6 free flaps after weight bearing, and infection was found in 14 flaps. The donor site complications were seen in 3 cases with the free anterolateral thigh perforator flap transfer. All of limbs were preserved and the patients regained walking and daily activities. All of patients except for one regained protective sensation from 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Our experience showed that the sural flap and saphenous flap could be good options for the coverage of the defects at malleolus, dorsal hindfoot and midfoot. Plantar foot, forefoot and large size defects could be reconstructed with free anterolateral thigh perforator flap. For the infected wounds with dead spce, the free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap remained to be the optimal choice. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:600–604, 2013.