骨水泥型与非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术的比较

目的评价骨水泥型和非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术的术中、术后临床效果。方法对52例患者(54髋)进行人工髋关节置换治疗,其中骨水泥组20例(20髋),非骨水泥组32例(34髋)。术后随访进行髋关节Harris评分、自主功能恢复Parker评分,并观察术后死亡率、假体翻修率及其他并发症的发生情况。结果与骨水泥型组相比,非骨水泥型组术中手术时间短、失血量少,两组差异有显著性(P0.05)。骨水泥组1例患者住院时出现深静脉血栓形成,非骨水泥组有3例住院时出现深静脉血栓形成。骨水泥组置换后3个月,14例患者可独立行走,5例需助步器辅助行走,1例仅能活动(卧床活动);非骨水泥组23例患者可独立行走,9例需助步器辅助行走。置换后1年,在患者髋关节Harris评分和患者自主功能恢复Parker评分方面,两组之间均无显著差异。置换后3年,骨水泥组有4例翻修(均为假体松动),翻修率20%。而非骨水泥组仅有3例翻修(均为假体松动),翻修率9.37%,但两组之间差异无显著性(P0.05)。另外,随访期间骨水泥组有1例患者死亡。结论应用非骨水泥假体可明显降低全髋关节置换术的手术时间和失血量。随访期内骨水泥型和非骨水泥型双动头假体置换术的临床疗效无显著差异。     

Uncemented femoral stem orientation and position in total hip arthroplasty: A CT study

In total hip arthroplasty (THA), accurate positioning of components is important for the functionality and long life of the implant. Femoral component version has been underinvestigated when compared with the acetabular cup. Accurate prediction of the femoral version on the preoperative plan is particularly important because a well-fitting uncemented stem will, by definition, press-fit into a version that is dictated by the anatomy of the proximal femur. A better understanding of this has recently become an unmet need because of the increased use of uncemented stems and of preoperative image-based planning. We present the first, three-dimensional (3D) comparison between the planned and achieved orientation and position of the femoral components in THA. We propose a comparison method that uses the 3D models of a, computed tomography-generated (CT-generated), preoperative plan and a postoperative CT to obtain the discrepancy in the six possible degrees of freedom. We ran a prospective study (level 2 evidence) of 30 patients undergoing uncemented THA to quantify the discrepancy between planned and achieved femoral stem orientation and position. The discrepancy was low for femoral stem vertical position and leg length, and varus-valgus and anterior-posterior orientation. The discrepancy was higher for femoral version with a mean (±SD) of −1.5 ± 7.8 deg. Surgeons should be aware of the variability of the eventual position of uncemented stems in THA and acknowledge the risk of achieving a less-than-optimal femoral version, different from the preoperative 3D CT plan.     

Instability following total hip arthroplasty

Dislocation is the second most common complication of total hip arthroplasty. Most dislocations occur early in the postoperative period and are caused by patient factors, surgical factors, or a combination of both. Patient factors that predispose to postoperative dislocation include previous surgery and neurologic impairment. Surgical factors include surgical approach, component orientation, and prosthetic and/or bony impingement. Evaluation of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty requires a thorough history and physical examination, as well as a detailed radiographic assessment. Closed treatment of instability is successful in two thirds of cases; the remainder require surgical management. Surgical techniques used to treat or minimize risk of further dislocation include revision arthroplasty, trochanteric advancement, use of elevated rim liners, and use of constrained liners.     

Rhabdomyolysis following total hip arthroplasty

We report six cases of contralateral limb involvement during total hip arthroplasty including swelling of the gluteal muscle compartments, rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and sciatic nerve palsy. The risk factors for such complications include obesity, prolonged operative time, and positioning in the lateral decubitus position. The laboratory and clinical findings are consistent with a gluteal muscle crush-injury with consequent compartment syndrome. The patients should be treated conservatively as symptoms can be expected to resolve.     

Dislocation following total hip arthroplasty

Summary The rate of postoperative dislocation after Stanmore total hip arthroplasty in 427 cases was 4.9%; 1.4% were classified as recurrent cases. Retroversion of the acetabular component and postoperative joint laxity were the only factors that were found to predispose to dislocation. The importance of preserving the effective femoral neck length during total hip arthroplasty is emphasized.

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Zusammenfassung Die postoperative Luxationsrate nach Implantation einer Stanmore-Hüftgelenk-Totalprothese betrug in 427 Fällen 4,9%, wovon 1,4% wiederkehrende Luxationen darstellten. Eine Retroversion der Prothesenpfanne and eine postoperative Weichteillaxität im Hüftgelenkbereich waren die einzigen Faktoren, die als pradisponierend für eine Luxation ermittelt wurden. Auf die Bedeutung der Erhaltung der effektiven Schenkelhalslänge bei der Implantation einer Totalprothese wird besonders hingewiesen.

     

Dislocation following total hip arthroplasty

The rate of postoperative dislocation after Stanmore total hip arthroplasty in 427 cases was 4.9%; 1.4% were classified as recurrent cases. Retroversion of the acetabular component and postoperative joint laxity were the only factors that were found to predispose to dislocation. The importance of preserving the effective femoral neck length during total hip arthroplasty is emphasized.     

A prospective study concerning the relationship between metal allergy and post-operative pain following total hip and knee arthroplasty

Purpose

A prospective study was conducted to detect whether a relationship exists between metal allergy and post-operative pain in total hip and knee arthroplasty patients. We postulated that to some extent a relationship does exist between them.

Materials and methods

Patients who had undergone total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery because of hip and knee disease were included. The exclusion criteria were patients who were treated with immunosuppressor two weeks pre-operatively, skin conditions around the patch testing site, and other uncontrollable factors. Each patient agreed to patch testing for three days before surgery. Photographic images before patch testing, two and three days after patch testing were obtained to evaluate the final incidence of metal allergy. The patch tests contained 12 metal elements; chromium, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, aluminium, vanadium, iron, manganese, tin, zirconium, and copper. Two independent observers evaluated the images. The results were divided into a non-metal allergy group and a metal allergy group. Pre-operative and postoperative VAS score, lymphocyte transforming test, and X-rays were collected to detect the relationship between metal allergy and post-operative pain following total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Results

There were 96 patients who underwent pre-operative patch testing. The overall metal allergy rate was 51.1 % (49/96) in our study. Nickel, cobalt, manganese, and tin were the most common allergic metal elements in our study. Nine inappropriate cases were excluded, and 87 patients were finally included in our study. There were 36 metal allergy and 26 non-metal allergy patients in the THA group, while 11 metal allergy and 14 non-metal allergy patients were found in the TKA group. We found no relationship existed between metal allergy and post-surgery pain in total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Conclusion

Pain caused by metal allergy usually presents as persistent and recurrent pain. The white cell count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and postoperative radiographs were not affected. Currently, patch testing and lymphocyte transforming tests are used for metal allergy diagnosis. We deemed that a relationship between post-surgery pain and metal allergy in total hip and knee patients may exist to some extent. Larger samples and longer follow-up time are essential for further study.     

Resection arthroplasty following infected total hip replacement arthroplasty

Thirty-nine patients with 41 hips with resection arthroplasty for infected total hip replacement arthroplasty were evaluated for functional level and factors that contribute to that level. Eighty-three percent were either minimal community ambulators or nonambulators, and only two patients walked without assistive devices. At last follow-up, 93% of the patients had pain in their hips. The best function was obtained in patients with a healed wound and heterotopic ossification. The worst functional result was in patients with chronic drainage. Fifteen of the patients with resection arthroplasties had foot-switch studies to determine gait velocity and single-limb stance time. Ten patients also had oxygen consumption studies performed. The average gait velocity was 35 m/minute (41% of normal). The average oxygen consumption was 0.41 ml/gm (264% normal) with an average heart rate of 121. The energy consumption was greater than that recorded in patients with above-knee amputation.     

Dislocation following revision total hip arthroplasty

Dislocation is a relatively common complication following revision total hip arthroplasty. Risk factors include surgical approach, gender, underlying diagnosis, comorbidities, surgical experience, and previous surgery; for later dislocations, risk factors include wear/deformation of polyethylene, trauma, and decreased muscle strength. Prevention and precaution are the watchwords for dislocations following revision total hip arthroplasty. For dislocations that do occur, treatment rests first on identifying the source of instability. Most dislocations can be managed by closed reduction. Constrained components may increase success rates, but only for appropriate indications. Prevention and treatment of dislocations following revision total hip arthroplasty are discussed in this article.     

Deep infection following total hip arthroplasty

Deep sepsis is a serious postoperative complication of total hip arthroplasty, causing additional suffering, loss of function, need for additional treatment, and possibly early death. In a series of sixteen patients, the only effective treatment was complete extirpation of all implants combined with appropriate long-term administration of antibiotics. In fifteen patients the original operative objectives were not achieved.     

Fragility fracture following total hip arthroplasty

BackgroundWhile periprosthetic fractures following total hip arthroplasty (THA) are a well-known phenomenon for orthopedic surgeons, fragility fractures following THA are also a significant, though less studied, concern. Furthermore, patients who have undergone THA have several additional risk factors for fragility fractures, including motor weakness, bone atrophy, and limping. The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of fragility fractures following THA and to clarify the characteristics of these fractures.MethodsThis study included 5678 primary THA procedures in 4589 female patients. This study evaluated body morphology data, disease type leading to THA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score, range of motion of the hip joint, and medical history. Distal radius and patella fractures were defined as fragility fractures. Risk factors for fragility fractures after THA were calculated by comparing the fragility fracture group with the non-fracture group.ResultsFifty-three fragility fractures were confirmed in 53 patients (distal radius fracture: 32 fractures in 32 patients, patella fracture: 21 fractures in 21 patients). In the univariate analysis, the following eight risk factors for fragility fractures were significantly different between the groups: height, weight, follow-up period, developmental dysplasia of the hip, primary osteoarthritis, abduction before THA, internal rotation before THA, and external rotation before THA. Medical histories were not significantly different between the groups. There was no difference in any study factor and in the time of occurrence between the radius fractures and patella fractures analyzed as fragility fractures.ConclusionsThis study revealed that there are significant preoperative factors of fragility fractures following THA. These factors will serve as useful data for THA treatment strategies, preoperative explanations, and future studies.     

Systemic complications following total hip arthroplasty

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has stood the test of time in improving the human quality of life. However, there remain associated complications. Although there is a low incidence of complications, the typical complications following THA have been well described in the literature, including infection, dislocation, wear, thromboembolic disorders, and intraoperative fracture. Knowledge of the systemic complications of THA can dramatically affect patient outcomes.     

Peripheral neuropathies following total hip arthroplasty

The authors reviewed the complication records following total hip arthroplasty at their institution between January 1976 and July 1989. Forty-two patients (12 men and 30 women) with 45 neurologic complications were identified following 7,133 consecutive total hip arthroplasties; an incidence rate of 0.63%. The average age of these patients was 58 years (range, 27–81 years). Thirty-four nerve injuries were noted in the lower extremity (0.48% incidence rate) and 11 in the upper extremity (0.15% incidence rate). The majority of patients (64%) with neurologic injury to the upper extremity had the diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis. The common peroneal was most often involved in the lower extremity. The ulnar nerve was most commonly involved in the upper extremity. The pathogenetic factors leading to neurologic injury in the majority of patients were not clearly established. Leg lengthening did not seem to be a major cause. The prognosis of patients with nerve palsy of the upper extremity is favorable compared with injury to the lower extremity. Similarly, the percentage of patients with a permanent neurologic deficit was lower in the primary surgery group (27%) compared with the revision/reoperation group (43%). The overall percentage of permanent nerve palsy was 33%. Female patients, for unclear reasons, appear to have a higher risk for neurologic injury. Also, the risk of neurologic injury following total hip arthroplasty appears to be higher with revisions/reoperations and with an inexperienced surgeon.     

The strength and function of hip abductors following anterolateral minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty

Objective： To analyze the extent of postoperative hip abductor insufficiency in primary total hip arthroplasty （THA） patients undergoing anterolateral minimally invasive （ALM1） approach, and to investigate whether the clinical outcomes are more favorable in femoral neck fracture （FNF） patients than in non-femoral neck fracture （nFNF） patients. Methods： A total of 48 patients were enrolled in this study. Each patient underwent a clinical examination preoperatively and 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks postoperatively. The abductor torque, Trendelenburg＇s sign, gait velocity, Harris hip score, Oxford hip score, Westren Ontario and McMaster Universities （WOMAC） score and visual analog scale pain score were recorded. Statistical evaluation was performed with SPSS software version 18.0. The significance level was set at P〈0.05. Results： The abductor torque of the operated hip and the recovery ratio showed a gradual improving tendency from 6 weeks postoperatively until the last follow-up. Gait velocity, Harris hip score, Oxford hip score and WOMAC score improved significantly after the operation until 24 weeks postoperatively. In the FNF group, the abductor torque of the operated side and the recovery ratio were significantly higher than in nFNF group at 6 weeks postoperatively, however, as time passed, this trend tended to disappear. Conclusion： This study demonstrates that patients can obtain good abductor strength and function in the early postoperative period and the hip abductor function of patients who suffer from hip osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head could be significantly improved following ALMI THA.     

Sexual function after total hip arthroplasty

Eighty-six patients who had successful total hip replacement completed questionnaires on their sexual activity. Preoperatively, 46% of patients attributed significant sexual difficulties to their hip disease, whereas only 1% felt that their hips remained a significant source of problems postsurgery. The majority (55%) of patients were able to resume intercourse one to two months postoperation. Male patients were statistically more likely to resume intercourse sooner than their female counterparts. Patients were also questioned about which coital positions they found comfortable after arthroplasty. The supine position (patient on bottom) was the most preferred. The next most comfortable position for males was prone (patient on top), yet for female it was sidelying on the nonoperative hip. In addition, 89% of patients desired more information regarding sexual function postarthroplasty, preferably in the form of a booklet. Therefore, a booklet was written specifically for postoperative patients and their sexual partners.     

Detecting stem debonding in total hip arthroplasty

In total hip arthroplasty, cemented femoral components combined with contemporary insertion techniques have an excellent track record of reliable long-term success. Certain cemented stem designs, however, have high failure rates. As osteolysis and bone destruction are rapid and progressive with certain designs, early detection of failure is imperative. We describe a case in which the common failure pattern of debonding is evident after radiographic evaluation with stress application. Although a single-leg stance was used in this case, a modified standing view might also be used.     

计算机导航对人工髋关节股骨柄假体置入的精确性验证

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of surgical navigation for localization and orientation of the femoral stem component in total hip arthroplasty, nethods In the hypothesized space, 3-D images of femoral stem were reconstructed. The coronal, sagittal and horizontal axes and scale divisions were established to calculate the displacement and rotation of the stem. Matching between the stem and its 3-D images was performed while the stem was moved in various distances and angles on the digital motion-platform. Then the actual change in the position of the implant and the caleulative data obtained from the navigation system were compared to evaluate the accuracy. Results The mean difference in displacement between the measurements and the actual changes was (1.01 ±0.47) mm, and the mean difference in the measured and actual angles was 1.09°±0.62°. The duplicate test found no significant difference (t = 0.238, P > 0.05). Conclusion Precise placement of the stem in the desired location and orientation can be achieved by the navigation system in the total hip arthroplasty.     

计算机导航对人工髋关节股骨柄假体置入的精确性验证

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of surgical navigation for localization and orientation of the femoral stem component in total hip arthroplasty, nethods In the hypothesized space, 3-D images of femoral stem were reconstructed. The coronal, sagittal and horizontal axes and scale divisions were established to calculate the displacement and rotation of the stem. Matching between the stem and its 3-D images was performed while the stem was moved in various distances and angles on the digital motion-platform. Then the actual change in the position of the implant and the caleulative data obtained from the navigation system were compared to evaluate the accuracy. Results The mean difference in displacement between the measurements and the actual changes was (1.01 ±0.47) mm, and the mean difference in the measured and actual angles was 1.09°±0.62°. The duplicate test found no significant difference (t = 0.238, P > 0.05). Conclusion Precise placement of the stem in the desired location and orientation can be achieved by the navigation system in the total hip arthroplasty.