小儿电视胸腔镜手术麻醉处理及体会

电视胸腔镜手术 (ＶＡＴＳ)创伤小 ,术后恢复快 ,已越来越受到患者欢迎 ,且随着手术技术的日益成熟开展范围愈加广泛。现将我院自 1994年以来 ,实施的小儿电视胸腔手术麻醉的情况总结报道如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　 9例小儿ＡＳＡⅡ～Ⅲ级 ,男 6例 ,女 3例 ,年龄(10 .0 7± 2 .3 1)岁 ,体重 (2 3 .0 1± 8.0 7)ｋｇ。手术种类包括先天性心脏病动脉导致未闭结扎术 2例 ,肺大泡结扎 3例 ,气胸肺修补4例。1.2　麻醉方法　术前 3 0ｍｉｎ肌注哌替啶 1ｍｇ/ｋｇ ,阿托品 0 .0 1ｍｇ/ｋｇ。麻醉诱导依次静脉注入Ｖ -ＯＨ70ｍｇ/ｋｇ ,氟芬…     

温氧合血心停搏液微流量连灌心脏直视手术(附828例报道)

自 1991年 9月到 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,我们应用温氧合血心停搏液微流量连续灌注法 (简称微灌法 )施行心脏直视手术 82 8例 ,临床效果较好 ,现总结报告如下。1　材料与方法1·1　临床资料　本组男 4 2 5例 ,女 4 0 3例 ,年龄 7个月～ 6 7(15 6 2± 3 87)岁 ,体重 6～ 90 (31 94± 76 75 )ｋｇ。疾病种类 :室间隔缺损 (ＶＳＤ) 36 8例 ,房间隔缺损(ＡＳＤ) 15 5例 ,法乐四联症 6 4例 ,肺动脉口狭窄 (ＰＳ) 16例 ,主动脉窦动脉瘤破裂 9例 ,右心室双出口 8例 ,部分性心内膜垫缺损 7例 ,动脉导管未闭 (ＰＤＡ) 5例 ,完全性肺静脉畸形引流及冠状动…     

超声心动图在双盘闭合器堵闭继发孔房缺中的应用

应用超弹性镊钛合金丝编织而成的双盘闭合器堵闭先天性心脏病继发孔房间隔缺损 (ＡＳＤ)是近年来介入治疗ＡＳＤ的一种新方法。然而这项方法成功的关键在于术中有效的超声心动图监测[1] 。本文报道我院自 2 0 0 0年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 1月以来进行的 2 6例双盘闭合器封堵ＡＳＤ ,旨在评价彩色多普勒超声心动图在该项介入治疗中的实用价值。1　资料和方法1·1　研究对象　 2 6例经彩色多普勒超声心动图明确诊断为单纯ＡＳＤ ,男性 11例 ,女性 15例 ,平均年龄(2 4 1± 17 2 )岁 (5～ 6 1岁 )。1·2　仪器　使用美国ＥｓａｏｔｅＳＰＡ和Ａｃｕ…     

碳酸利多卡因硬膜外阻滞于剖宫产的临床观察

1　资料与方法1·1　一般资料　ＡＳＡⅠ -Ⅱ级 60例剖宫产术患者随机分为 2组 ,Ⅰ组 :碳酸利多卡因 (ｎ =30例 )年龄( 2 8 6± 2 4 0 )岁 ,身高 ( 159 5± 5 4 5)ｃｍ ,体重 ( 68 6±7 4 3)ｋｇ ;Ⅱ组 :1 6%盐酸利多卡因 (ｎ =30例 )年龄( 2 9 3± 3 32 )岁 ,身高 ( 160 2± 5 70 )ｃｍ ,体重 ( 68 5±8 50 )ｋｇ。1·2　麻醉方法　取Ｌ1- 2行硬膜外穿刺 ,向头侧置管3ｃｍ ,注入 5ｍｌ实验量 ,待 5ｍｉｎ后出现麻醉平面后 ,再缓慢推注首次剂量约 7～ 10ｍｌ,如注射 2 0ｍｉｎ后 ,仍未达到满意的平面 ,可再追加一次剂量 3～ 5ｍｌ。总量碳…     

先天性食管闭锁矫形术18例的麻醉处理

我院 1996～ 2 0 0 2年对 18例先天性食管闭锁的新生儿施行矫形术 ,现将麻醉处理总结如下。临床资料1　对象　本组共 18例 ,男 14例 ,女 4例 ;年龄 1～ 11天 ,平均 3 3± 1 9天 ;体重 2 1～ 3 6kg,平均 2 7± 0 4kg ;手术时间 130～ 2 0 0min ,平均 15 9± 18min ;麻醉时间 16 5～2 4 5min ,平均 198± 2 4min ;18例均为Ⅲ型闭锁 ;术前均有肺炎 (以胸片和临床表现为诊断依据 ) ;8例有先天性心脏病 (以超声为依据 ) ,1例有先天性肛门闭锁 ,1例有胆管闭锁 ,1例有肺发育不全 ;所有患儿术前均经过 1～ 3天纠正酸中毒、补液、抗感染等治疗。先…     

气管内全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在胸腹部手术中的应用

为提高麻醉质量 ,降低围术期应激反应 ,及达到良好的术后镇痛 ,我院应用气管内全麻复合硬膜外阻滞实施胸腹部手术 4 7例 ,经临床对比观察 ,效果满意 ,现报道如下。1　资料与方法1·1　一般资料　选择ＡＳＡⅡ～Ⅲ级择期性胸腹部手术 94例 ,随机分为两组 ,气管内全麻复合硬膜外阻滞4 7例 (简称组Ⅰ ) ,其中男 2 9例 ,女 18例 ,平均年龄(44± 0 7)岁 ,体重 (56± 5 4 )ｋｇ。手术种类 :肺手术18例 ,乳腺癌根治术 8例 ,心包剥离术 6例 ,胃、肝、胆手术 15例。合并心血管疾病 6例 ,慢性支气管疾病 5例。气管内全麻组 4 7例 (简称组Ⅱ )。其中男…     

止血芳酸替代抑肽酶在先心体外循环中的应用

我院从 1999年 6月到 2 0 0 0年 4月开始在小儿简单先心病人中应用止血芳酸 (ＰＡＭＢＡ)代替抑肽酶 ,已取得了一定的效果。1　材料与方法1·1　一般资料　 2 4例先心病人中男 14例 ,女 10例 ,ＡＳＤ6例 ,ＶＳＤ18例 ,平均年龄 ( 4± 0 5)岁 ,体重平均( 15± 2 3)ｋｇ ,随机分为对照组和ＰＡＭＢＡ组。两组病人的体重 ,术前血小板计数 ,纤维蛋白原含量 ,凝血酶原时间无显著差异 ,其中侧开胸 2例 ,胸骨下段小切口1例 ,不停跳 10例。1·2　方法　采用Ｓｔｏｃｋｅｒｔ人工心肺机、西京氧合器、宁波产过滤器进行体外循环 ,ＰＡＭＢＡ干预充液…     

硬膜外联合麻醉在子宫肌瘤切除术中的应用

子宫肌瘤切除术要求麻醉诱导迅速 ,效果确切 ,无痛 ,肌松良好 ,对病人安全 ,术后镇痛可靠。据此 ,我们选择了腰麻醉硬膜外联合麻醉 (ＣＳＥＡ)应用于子宫肌瘤切除 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1·1　一般资料　本院择期子宫肌瘤全切除术 2 0例 ,根据麻醉方法的不同分为ＣＳＥＡ组和连续硬膜外麻醉(ＥＡ)组 ,每组 10例 ,两组病人一般资料相仿 ,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,年龄 35～ 60岁 ,平均年龄 4 7 0岁 ,体重 4 8～60ｋｇ ,无重要脏器疾患 ,无高血压。1·2　方法　术前 30ｍｉｎ常规肌注苯巴比妥钠 0 1,阿托品 0 5ｍｇ ,开放静脉输液通道快速输入…     

Atorvastatin(A)与Fenofibrate(F)对2型糖尿病人血浆脂蛋白、及其亚类分布与血液流变学参数影响的比较

13名 2型糖尿病人其中男 5,女 5,平均年龄 :6 0 0± 6岁 ,体重指数 30 0± 30ｋｇ/ｍ2 ,病程 12± 7年 ,血红蛋白ＡＩＣ7 3± 1 1% ,ＬＤＣ -Ｃｈ >135ｍｇ/ｄＬ ,ＴＧ >2 0 0ｍｇ/ｄＬ。在给予Ａ(10 0ｍｇ/ｄ) ,Ｆ(2 0 0ｍｇ/ｄ) 6周后结果发现 ,Ａ能降低所有亚型ＬＤＬ水平 (ＬＤＬ -Ｃｈ下降了 2 9% ;Ｐ <0 0 1)包括密度较小的低密度脂蛋白 (ＬＤＬ)。Ｆ则是主要降低ＴＧ浓度 (ＴＧ浓度降低39% ,Ｐ <0 0 0 5) ,导致ＬＤＬ亚型分布变迁 ;ＬＤＬ下降 13%而中间密度脂蛋白 (ＩＬＤＬ)上升 36 %。Ａ与Ｆ分别使血浆ＨＤＬ -Ｃｈ增高 10 %…     

静注异丙酚在胃镜检查中的应用

我院应用异丙酚静脉麻醉进行胃镜检查 ,报告如下。1　资料与方法1·1　一般资料　全组患者 60例均为ＡＳＡⅠ -Ⅲ级 ,男 31例 ,女 2 9例 ,年龄 ( 52 7± 4 8)岁 ,体重 ( 55 6±5 1)ｋｇ。全组患者中合并有冠心病、高血压、贫血、胆囊炎患者 14例 (占 2 3 3% ) ;因食道狭窄需放食道支架患者 4例 (占 6 7% ) ;余为胃镜检查患者。随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组 ,其中Ａ组胃镜检查中应用异丙酚静脉麻醉 ;Ｂ组胃镜检查中未应用异丙酚静脉麻醉。1·2　麻醉方法　全组患者胃镜检查前禁食 4ｈ以上 ,未用术前药 ,取左侧卧位 ;均采用ＭａｒｑｕｅｔｔｅＥ 10 0…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.