认知行为疗法治疗原发性失眠的临床疗效及依从性分析

目的评价认知行为疗法治疗原发性失眠的临床疗效以及依从性的影响。方法选取2013-04—2015-11我院收治的原发性失眠患者52例为观察组,正常人52例为对照组,观察并比较2组PSQI(匹兹堡睡眠指数)、HAMA(汉密尔顿焦虑量表)、HAMD(汉密尔顿抑郁量表)等评分,观察组采取认知行为治疗,观察治疗效果。结果观察组PSQI、HAMA、HAMD等评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗结束后PSQI、HAMA以及HAMD等评分均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);完成4次认知行为治疗的患者各项指标改善程度明显优于未完成者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论原发性失眠患者较正常人群睡眠指数较低,存在一定程度的焦虑与抑郁情绪,通过认知行为疗法,可明显改善其失眠症状,减轻焦虑与抑郁等不良心理,提高睡眠质量与睡眠效率,值得临床推广。     

焦虑症患者不良情绪与认知功能损害的相关性

目的研究焦虑症患者不良情绪与认知功能损害的关系。方法选取2015年6月至2016年6月期间我院门诊就诊和病区收治的102例焦虑症患者作为观察组,100例健康者作为对照组,比较两组受试者的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分及认知功能损害的发生率,分析MoCA与HAMA/HAMD评分的相关性。结果观察组患者HAMA评分(19.7±5.3),HAMD评分(23.4±5.6),MoCA评分(25.0±1.9),认知功能损害发生率82.35%(84/102);对照组的HAMA评分(8.8±3.5),HAMD评分(7.1±1.3),MoCA评分(27.2±2.5),认知功能损害发生率13.00%(13/100)。观察组患者HAMA、HAMD及认知功能损害的发生率高于对照组,观察组的MoCA低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。焦虑症患者的MoCA评分与HAMA评分(r=-0.226,P=0.027)及HAMD评分(r=-0.231,P=0.015)呈显著负相关。结论焦虑症患者的焦虑、抑郁等情绪对患者的认知功能具有负面影响。     

放松训练联合帕罗西汀用于脑卒中后焦虑抑郁合并失眠患者的疗效

目的探究放松训练用于脑卒中后焦虑抑郁合并失眠患者的改善效果。方法研究对象选取为2010年12月~2016年12月之间我院收治的150例脑卒中后焦虑抑郁合并失眠患者,采用数字表法随机分为治疗组和对照组,各75例。对照组单纯应用帕罗西汀治疗,治疗组则在对照组基础上加用放松训练,两组患者均连续治疗2个月,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和睡眠脑电图对两组患者治疗前和治疗后的睡眠状况进行评价对比。并对比两组患者治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)的评分结果。结果治疗前两组患者的HAMA、HAMD、PSQI评分对比无显著差异(P0.05),治疗后研究组的HAMA、HAMD、PSQI评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗前两组患者的各项脑电图参数对比无显著差异(P0.05),治疗1个月、治疗2个月时治疗组的睡眠潜伏期(SL)、睡眠总时间(TSA)、觉醒次数(AT)、觉醒时间(ASA)与对照组相比差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论放松训练联合帕罗西汀用于脑卒中后焦虑抑郁合并失眠症状患者能够更加有效的改善患者的睡眠状况和焦虑抑郁情绪,值得在临床上推广和应用。     

音乐放松疗法对癌痛患者疼痛及焦虑抑郁情绪的干预效果

目的探讨音乐放松疗法对癌痛患者疼痛及焦虑抑郁情绪的影响。方法将88例癌痛患者随机分为实验组与对照组,各44例。予以对照组患者常规治疗护理,实验组在对照组基础上予以音乐放松疗法,两组均干预4周。比较两组干预前后简明疼痛调查表(BPI)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及匹茨堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)评分。结果干预后,两组疼痛分级和BPI、HAMA、HAMD、PSQI评分均显著降低,且实验组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论音乐放松疗法能够有效减轻癌痛患者的疼痛程度与焦虑抑郁症状,提高睡眠质量。     

粪菌移植对帕金森病便秘患者心境障碍及睡眠障碍的临床影响

目的 观察粪菌移植对帕金森病便秘患者心境及睡眠障碍的临床影响。方法 筛选2017年9月至2019年12月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院神经内科收治的16例存在便秘、焦虑、抑郁和睡眠障碍的帕金森病患者,行粪菌移植治疗并随访12周,记录粪菌移植前后患者Wexner便秘评分量表(Wexner)、便秘患者生活质量量表(PAC-QOL)、匹斯堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、帕金森病生活质量问卷(PDQ-39)评分并进行比较。结果 与治疗前比较,粪菌移植治疗后患者第4、8、12周的Wexner、 PAC-QOL、 PSQI、HAMD、HAMA和PDQ-39评分均明显下降(均P<0.01)。结论 粪菌移植治疗可以显著改善帕金森病便秘患者的心境和睡眠障碍。     

重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为疗法对帕金森病非运动症状的疗效

目的评价重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为疗法对帕金森病非运动症状的疗效。方法选取2014-02—2016-03我院收治的帕金森病患者67例,随机分为2组,其中观察组34例选用重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为疗法进行治疗,对照组33例仅选用认知行为疗法进行治疗,观察并比较2组患者治疗后HAMD(汉密尔顿抑郁量表)、HAMA(汉密尔顿焦虑量表)(PSQI)及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数。结果治疗后,观察组HAMD评分为(7.32±0.47)分,HAMA评分为(5.59±0.34)分,对照组HAMD评分为(11.22±1.79)分,HAMA评分为(8.49±1.23)分,观察组HAMD、HAMA评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在PSQI评分方面,观察组PSQI总分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为疗法对于帕金森病非运动症状具有较好的疗效,能够有效减轻患者焦虑、抑郁症状,提高睡眠质量,值得临床推广应用。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者临床特征与焦虑抑郁的相关分析

目的探索阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患者的临床特征及其与焦虑抑郁症状的关系,为进一步研究两者间具体的发生机制提供参考。方法选取2018年3月-9月在四川省精神卫生中心行多导睡眠监测的患者238例,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为OSA组(n=130)和非OSA组(n=108)。采用自制一般资料和临床症状调查问卷、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评定患者的临床症状和睡眠质量;采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项版(HAMD-24)评定患者的焦虑和抑郁症状。分析OSA组临床症状与焦虑抑郁的相关性。结果 OSA组打鼾(76.9%)、夜间憋醒(25.4%)、认知功能减退(76.9%)者均比非OSA组(分别为41.7%、13.0%、63.9%)多,且OSA组症状持续时间更长,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。OSA组ESS、HAMA和HAMD-24评分均高于非OSA组(P均0.01)。相关分析显示,OSA组临床症状持续时间与HAMA评分呈正相关(r=0.212,P=0.016);PSQI评分与HAMA、HAMD-24评分均呈正相关(r=0.217、0.211,P=0.014、0.017)。结论 OSA患者常伴有打鼾、夜间憋醒、认知功能减退,且症状持续时间仅与其焦虑水平有关,睡眠质量与焦虑、抑郁的关系均较密切。     

集束化护理对改善风湿性心脏病患者睡眠障碍及心理状态的临床效果研究

目的探讨集束化护理干预对风湿性心脏病(RHD)患者睡眠障碍(SD)以及心理状态的影响。方法将70例住院RHD伴SD患者随机分为研究组与对照组各35例。对照组患者接受常规护理模式,研究组在对照组基础上执行集束化护理。比较两组干预前后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分。结果干预后研究组的HAMA、HAMD评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);干预后两组PSQI评分均显著改善,且研究组的改善幅度显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论集束化护理干预能够显著改善RHD患者的睡眠质量及相关社会心理学因素。     

老年慢性失眠相关认知障碍的危险因素分析

目的探讨老年慢性失眠相关认知障碍的危险因素。方法回顾性筛选老年慢性失眠患者107例,根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)评分将患者分为认知障碍组与非认知障碍组。比较两组患者一般临床资料、失眠严重程度指数(ISI)、匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI)评分、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、焦虑量表(HAMA)评分,睡眠观念态度量表(DBAS)评分等。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨老年慢性失眠相关认知障碍的独立危险因素。结果多因素logistic回归分析显示,主观睡眠障碍(OR=16. 064,P=0. 003)、睡眠潜伏期(OR=10. 567,P=0. 032)、习惯性睡眠效率(OR=21. 697,P=0. 006)、睡眠紊乱(OR=24. 754,P=0. 008)是老年慢性失眠患者相关认知障碍的独立危险因素。结论主观睡眠质量差、睡眠潜伏期长、习惯性睡眠效率低、睡眠紊乱严重是老年慢性失眠患者罹患认知障碍的独立危险因素。     

乌灵胶囊辅助治疗对甲亢伴抑郁患者焦虑抑郁症状及睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨乌灵胶囊辅助治疗甲亢伴抑郁患者对焦虑抑郁症状及睡眠质量的影响。方法将96例甲亢伴抑郁患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组48例,对照组采用甲巯基咪唑联合抗抑郁药西酞普兰治疗,观察组在对照组用药基础上联合应用乌灵胶囊辅助治疗,治疗8周后,比较两组汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)等指标。结果观察组HAMA、HAMD评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05);睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、安眠药物、白天功能等评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组总有效率89.58%,明显优于对照组72.92%(P0.05)。结论乌灵胶囊辅助治疗有助于缓解甲亢伴抑郁症患者焦虑、抑郁症状,改善睡眠质量,提高临床疗效。     

The long-term effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of intractable insomnia

ObjectiveTo explore the differences in clinical efficacy of different courses of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of intractable insomnia and the duration of clinical efficacy after cessation of treatment.Method70 patients with intractable insomnia were randomly divided into 1 treatment course group and 2 treatment courses group. The rTMS course consisted of daily sessions of 1200 stimuli for the r-DLPFC at a frequency of 1 Hz and 800 stimuli for parietal lobe (CPZ) at a frequency of 1 Hz. The pitchburg sleep index (PSQI), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and cardiopulmonary coupled sleep (CPC) were assessed for 35 patients in each group at baseline, at 2 weeks, and at 1 and 3 months after treatment.ResultThe scores of PSQI, HAMD and HAMA in the 2 groups were significantly improved after 1 month of follow-up after rTMS treatment (p < 0.01). The long-term effect of different treatment courses is different. After 2 consecutive courses of treatment, there was still a significant difference between the 3-month follow-up and the pre-treatment period (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between the 3-month follow-up of one course of treatment and the pre-treatment period. The results of CPC test showed that the improvement of total sleep time (TST), and deep sleep time (DST) was basically consistent with the assessment of PSQI, HAMD and HAMA that the clinical efficacy of the 3-month follow-up was better than that of one course of treatment after 2 consecutive courses of treatment.ConclusionThe treatment of refractory insomnia by rTMS is effective, and the duration of the curative effect is related to the course of treatment. 2 consecutive courses of treatment still have a certain effect after 3 months, which is worthy of clinical promotion.     

Aerobic exercise improves self-reported sleep and quality of life in older adults with insomnia

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of moderate aerobic physical activity with sleep hygiene education to improve sleep, mood and quality of life in older adults with chronic insomnia.MethodsSeventeen sedentary adults aged ?55 years with insomnia (mean age 61.6 [SD ± 4.3] years; 16 female) participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing 16 weeks of aerobic physical activity plus sleep hygiene to non-physical activity plus sleep hygiene. Eligibility included primary insomnia for at least 3 months, habitual sleep duration <6.5 h and a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score >5. Outcomes included sleep quality, mood and quality of life questionnaires (PSQI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Short-form 36 [SF-36], Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]).ResultsThe physical activity group improved in sleep quality on the global PSQI (p < .0001), sleep latency (p = .049), sleep duration (p = .04), daytime dysfunction (p = .027), and sleep efficiency (p = .036) PSQI sub-scores compared to the control group. The physical activity group also had reductions in depressive symptoms (p = .044), daytime sleepiness (p = .02) and improvements in vitality (p = .017) compared to baseline scores.ConclusionAerobic physical activity with sleep hygiene education is an effective treatment approach to improve sleep quality, mood and quality of life in older adults with chronic insomnia.     

Measuring anxiety in depressed patients: A comparison of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale and the DSM-5 Anxious Distress Specifier Interview

DSM-5 included criteria for an anxious distress specifier for major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project we examined whether a measure of the specifier, the DSM-5 Anxious Distress Specifier Interview (DADSI), was as valid as the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) as a measure of the severity of anxiety in depressed patients. Two hundred three psychiatric patients with MDD were interviewed by trained diagnostic raters who administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) supplemented with questions to rate the DADSI, HAMA, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). The patients completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and irritability. Sensitivity to change was examined in 30 patients. The DADSI and HAMA were significantly correlated (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). Both the DADSI and HAMA were more highly correlated with measures of anxiety than with measures of the other symptom domains. The HAMD was significantly more highly correlated with the HAMA than with the DADSI. For each anxiety disorder, patients with the disorder scored significantly higher on both the DADSI and HAMA than did patients with no current anxiety disorder. A large effect size of treatment was found for both measures (DADSI: d = 1.48; HAMA: d = 1.37). Both the DADSI and HAMA were valid measures of anxiety severity in depressed patients, though the HAMA was more highly confounded with measures of depression than the DADSI. The DADSI is briefer than the HAMA, and may be more feasible to use in clinical practice.     

血清、脑脊液中S-100B在颅脑外伤损伤程度中的诊断意义

目的 探讨血清、脑脊液中S-100B与颅脑外伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)损伤程度的关系.方法 选择45例TBI患者按格拉斯哥昏迷分级(GCS评分)分轻、中、重三组(病例组),采用酶联免疫吸附法(EHSA)测定TBI患者伤后第1、3、5、7天血清及脑脊液S-100B水平,并选择20例与病例组相匹配的疝或静脉曲张手术病人以及健康体检自愿者的血清、脑脊液作为对照组,分析血清及脑脊液S-100B水平与TBI损伤程度的相关性.结果 病例组血清、脑脊液S-100B水平较对照组明显升高(P ＜0.01;P ＜0.01);TBI患者GCS评分与血清及脑脊液S-100B水平比较呈负相关(r=-0.893,P＜0.01;r=-0.947,P＜0.01);血清、脑脊液S-100B在不同程度TBI间比较差异显著(P＜0.01);病例组血清和CSF中S-100B水平比较呈正相关;结论 血清、脑脊液S-100B测定均可作为判断TBI程度的指标,且各有特点.     

术中亚低温对开颅手术患者预后影响的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析评价术中亚低温对开颅手术患者预后的影响。方法检索中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI),中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、Pubmed及Cochrane Library,检索时间从建库至2016年8月。收集在开颅手术中使用亚低温的随机对照研究(RCT)。采用Rev Man5.3软件对收集的资料进行Meta分析评价。结果共纳入6项研究,包括1306例病人,其中亚低温组657例,正常体温组649例。低温组患者在预后良好、中度残疾、重度残疾、植物生存及死亡状态五个方面与正常体温组相比差异无统计学意义,其合成结果分别为:[OR=1.24,95%CI(0.97~1.58),P=0.08]、[OR=0.97,95%CI(0.73~1.30),P=0.86]、[OR=0.77,95%CI(0.50~1.18),P=0.23]、[OR=1.35,95%CI(0.32~5.65),P=0.68]、[OR=0.71,95%CI(0.47~1.09),P=0.12];术后并发症在两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);AVDO2水平在亚低温组显著降低(P0.05)。结论术中应用亚低温不能改善颅脑手术患者预后,不能减少患者术后并发症的发生。     

Relationship of anxiety disorders, sleep quality, and functional impairment in a community sample

Background

Anxiety disorders and insomnia are each prevalent, impairing, and highly comorbid. However, little is known about whether specific types of sleep complaints are associated with specific anxiety disorders, and whether poor sleep has an additive effect on functional impairment in anxiety disorders.

Method

Data from the German Health Survey (GHS; N = 4181; ages 18-65) were utilized to examine relationships among anxiety disorders, sleep quality (assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory; PSQI), and functional impairment (assessed by the Medical Outcomes Scale Short Form; SF-36; and past-month disability days due to physical and emotional problems, respectively).

Results

Most anxiety disorders were significantly associated with global PSQI scores. Social phobia (AOR 3.95, 95% CI 1.73-9.04) and GAD (AOR 3.94, 95% CI 1.66-9.34) had the strongest relationships with global PSQI scores. Daytime dysfunction was the PSQI subscale most strongly associated with anxiety disorders, particularly GAD. Having a comorbid anxiety disorder and poor sleep was associated with significantly lower Mental Component Scores on the SF-36 than having an anxiety disorder alone (40.87 versus 43.87, p = .011) and with increased odds of one or more disability days due to emotional problems (AOR 2.72, 95% CI 1.35-5.48), even after controlling for sociodemographic factors and past-month mood and substance use disorders.

Conclusions

Most anxiety disorders are moderately associated with reduced sleep quality. Individuals with anxiety disorders and poor sleep experience significantly worse mental health-related quality of life and increased disability relative to those with anxiety disorders alone.     

血管性认知功能障碍与雄激素受体基因启动子区甲基化状态、同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性研究

目的检测血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)患者的雄激素受体(AR)基因启动子区Cp G岛甲基化状态和同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平,从分子水平探讨VCI与AR基因启动子高甲基化、HCY的关系。方法采用病例对照研究方法,选取脑卒中慢性期的VCI患者46例组成病例组,随机选取年龄相同的健康人92例组成对照组。MSP法和RT-PCR法检测研究对象AR启动子区Cp G岛的甲基化状态及mRNA表达水平,采用酶转换免疫法检测HCY水平。结果 VCI患者中甲基化率为71.74%,对照组患者中甲基化率为19.57%,病例组与对照组甲基化率相比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。VCI组患者较对照组患者AR基因mRNA表达缺失5.24倍,两组患者AR基因mRNA表达缺失率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组HCY水平为14.73±5.31,对照组为7.12±4.19,病例组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AR基因启动子区甲基化程度与HCY相关系数为r=0.534,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);随HCY水平升高,病例组甲基化程度亦递次升高。结论 AR基因启动子区高甲基化与VCI发病相关;高HCY水平与AR基因启动子区高甲基化相关。     

失眠模型大鼠脑干γ-氨基丁酸转运体-1表达的变化

目的 检测失眠模型大鼠脑干组织中γ-氨基丁酸转运体-1(GAT-1) mRNA及GAT-1蛋白的表达变化.方法 36只SD大鼠随机分为失眠模型组、生理盐水对照组和地西泮干预组.腹腔注射对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)制作大鼠失眠模型.采用RT-PCR法和Western blot法分别检测大鼠脑干组织中GAT-1 mRNA和GAT-1蛋白的表达变化.结果 与对照组相比,模型组和干预组GAT-1 mRNA及GAT-1蛋白的表达均降低(P＜0.01),干预组较模型组表达更低(P＜0.01).结论脑干GAT-1表达下调可能与失眠后机体的保护性机制有关;地西泮下调GAT-1可能是其发挥催眠作用的机制之一.