铜绿假单胞菌耐药性分析

目的 研究2011～2012年本医院患者分离出的铜绿假单胞菌（PAE）的耐药率.方法 采用VETEK2 Comact 全自动微生物分析系统鉴定出274株铜绿假单胞菌,分别来自住院患者各类标本,按照CLSI各年度标准判断PAE对抗菌药物的耐药性.结果 在22种常用抗生素中,铜绿假单胞菌对半数以上的药物耐药率＞40％.铜绿假单胞菌对β-内酰胺类药物耐药率较高,对亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药性上升较快,对其他类抗生素都出现不同程度的耐药.结论 铜绿假单胞菌易出现多重耐药,2012年绿假单胞菌耐药率与2011年相比总体呈上升趋势,应加强铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性检测,依据药敏结果合理用药,才能有效防止多重耐药菌株的产生.     

重症监护室铜绿假单胞菌的耐药分析与预防措施

目的分析重症监护室的患者铜绿假单胞菌分布特征、耐药性和预防措施。方法选取我院自2013年7月至2014年7月间收治的2279例感染患者的资料进行分析。结果所有的患者病原菌株990例,革兰阴性菌株742株,所占比例为77.3%,真菌137株,所占比例为13.8%,革兰阳性菌为111株,所占比例11.2%;铜绿假单胞菌305株,所占比例为30.8%;特治星、亚胺培南的耐药性明显上升,头孢哌酮和舒巴坦的抗菌活性仍然保持高效。结论重症监护室铜绿假单胞菌感染耐药现象非常严重,所以对于预防性药物要控制使用,以减少体内出现耐药菌,而科学合理的使用抗生素药物能够很好的控制感染情况。     

铜绿假单胞菌医院感染及其耐药性的分析

目的:了解2002年1月～2003年12月铜绿假单胞菌在我院的感染情况和耐药性,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供科学依据.方法:收集感染患者的各种临床标本,先按细菌检查常规进行细菌的分离培养,再通过法国ATB Expression微生物鉴定系统鉴定,采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法,根据NCCLS制定的标准进行药敏试验.结果:共检出401株铜绿假单胞菌,主要分布于呼吸内科、神经外科和ICU;铜绿假单胞菌在痰标本中的阳性率最高63.84%,其后依次为分泌物21.95%、脓液6.23%、尿液3.99%、粪便2.24%、血液1.50%、脑脊液0.25%;铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率最低,平均为8.98%,对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、左氧氟沙星、头孢他啶、头孢哌酮、环丙沙星、阿米卡星的耐药率分别为17.21%、20.20%、21.20%、28.17%、28.93%、34.16%,其余抗菌药的耐药率都＞40%.结论:铜绿假单胞菌在医院内感染中仍是一种最重要且显有多重耐药的致病菌.近两年来铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率呈普遍上升的趋势.因而,按药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物,严格执行消毒、隔离制度对减少耐药菌株的产生,降低医院的发生率至关重要.     

下呼吸道感染患者铜绿假单胞菌耐药性分析

目的了解医院下呼吸道感染患者铜绿假单胞菌耐药谱变化,指导抗菌药物合理应用。方法回顾性调查医院2007年1月至2008年12月下呼吸道感染患者痰标本培养情况,对分离的108株铜绿假单胞菌药敏试验结果进行统计分析。结果从870份标本中分离出铜绿假单胞菌108株,总分离率为12.4%,在10种抗生素中,亚胺培南的体外抗菌性最好,耐药率最低为15.7%,其次为阿米卡星30.6%。结论铜绿假单胞菌仍是医院病原菌感染的主要致病菌之一,加强耐药性监测,合理应用抗菌药物十分重要。     

2007—2010年肿瘤患者感染铜绿假单胞菌分离株耐药变迁的研究

目的了解我院4年间铜绿假单胞菌在肿瘤患者中感染和耐药变迁,为临床治疗提供依据。方法分析2007-2010年检出的692株铜绿假单胞菌对12种抗生素的耐药性,采用K-B纸片扩散法结合VITEK II MIC法进行药敏试验,按美国临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)标准判断结果。结果近4年分离出铜绿假单胞菌菌株数不断上升,痰标本分离率最高(62.46%),其次是分泌物、引流液分别为13.86%、8.10%。对12种抗菌药物的药敏结果显示:氨曲南耐药率最高,每年耐药率均超过30%。环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林耐药率相对稳定,而亚胺培南、美洛培南、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、妥布霉素、庆大霉素耐药率呈上升趋势。结论铜绿假单胞菌是引起医院感染的重要病原菌之一,应合理使用抗菌药物,加强医院感染管理,避免交叉感染。     

铜绿假单胞菌184株耐药性分析

目的探讨铜绿假单胞菌分布特点和其药敏情况。方法选择我院2007年4月—2010年4月住院和门诊患者铜绿假单胞菌184株。对所选菌株进行分类和鉴定,进行相关药敏试验。结果标本来源科室主要是重症监护室和呼吸内科,标本来源于痰液占多数。铜绿假单胞菌对多种抗生素均有耐药性,其中对头孢塞肟和头孢曲松耐药率均在70%以上,对阿米卡星的耐药率较低,为16.3%。结论铜绿假单胞菌有多重耐药特性,治疗过程中要充分考虑其耐药机制,选用耐药率较低的抗生素,减少耐药株出现。     

铜绿假单胞菌临床监测及耐药性变迁分析

目的了解2008～2010年南阳医专一附院铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性变迁,为合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法常规培养分离细菌,应用API细菌鉴定系统进行细菌鉴定及K-B法进行药敏分析试验。结果临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌主要来自痰标本,对阿洛西林的敏感性最高,其次是阿米卡星和头孢他啶。结论我院感染患者分离的铜绿假单胞菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药性严重,合理使用抗生素避免耐药菌株产生是临床医师的当务之急。     

铜绿假单胞菌184株耐药性分析

目的 探讨铜绿假单胞菌分布特点和其药敏情况.方法 选择我院2007年4月-2010年4月住院和门诊患者铜绿假单胞菌184株.对所选菌株进行分类和鉴定,进行相关药敏试验.结果 标本来源科室主要是重症监护室和呼吸内科,标本来源于痰液占多数.铜绿假单胞菌对多种抗生素均有耐药性,其中对头孢塞肟和头孢曲松耐药率均在70%以上,对阿米卡星的耐药率较低,为16.3%.结论 铜绿假单胞菌有多重耐药特性,治疗过程中要充分考虑其耐药机制,选用耐药率较低的抗生素,减少耐药株出现.     

铜绿假单胞菌的感染现状及临床分析

目的了解河南省胸科医院铜绿假单胞菌（PAE）的感染现状及其对抗生素的耐药性,指导临床科学治疗,控制感染。方法回顾性调查2009年6月—2011年6月河南省胸科医院各病房患者感染铜绿假单胞菌的情况,对其来源和耐药性及相关危险因素进行分析。结果1420例临床标本中获得铜绿假单胞菌163株,阳性率11．5％;呼吸科和心脏外科ICU是铜绿假单胞菌检出率最高的病房,其构成比分别是27．6％和21．5％;PAE耐药率较高的抗生素分别是磺胺甲基异恶唑62．6％头孢哌酮45．4％和头孢曲松42．9％。结论为有效控制铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率,应科学使用抗生素,减少经验性用药,同时严防医院感染的发生。     

外科重症监护病房铜绿假单胞菌耐药性分析

目的了解南京军区南京总医院外科重症监护病房（ICU）标本中分离的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药情况，并与普通病房比较。方法采用K—B纸片扩散法，用8种抗菌药物对分离的786株铜绿假单胞菌进行药敏试验。结果外科ICU与普通病房铜绿假单胞菌对8种抗菌药物的耐药率，有非常显著性差异（P〈0．001）。结论外科ICU铜绿假单胞菌耐药严重，应及时进行耐药性检测，采取严格的隔离措施，防止交叉感染。     

Synthese von γ,γ'-Dihydroxysulfonen und γ-Hydroxy-γ'-ketosulfonen

Syntheses of γ,γ'-Dihydroxysulfones and γ-Hydroxy-γ'-ketosulfones Reduction of γ,γ'-diketosulfones 1 with dimethylaminoborane leads to γ,γ'-dihydroxysulfones 3 via γ-hydroxy-γ'-ketosulfones 2 . The influence of substituents on the ratio of the yields of 2 and 3 is investigated.     

Analysis of γβ, βγ, γγ, ββ multiple turns in proteins

Abstract: The number of γ‐turns in a representative protein dataset selected from the current Protein Data Bank has increased almost seven times during the past decade. Eighty percent classic γ‐turns and 57% inverse γ‐turns are associated as multiple turns with either another γ‐turn or a β‐turn. We refer to these as multiple turns of the (γβ)_1,2,3 or (βγ)_1,2,3 type, depending upon whether the γ‐turn is before or after the β‐turn along the protein chain, respectively. However, for multiple turns involving only γ‐turns, we follow the nomenclature analogous to that proposed earlier for the multiple (or double) β‐turns. Fifty‐eight per cent β‐turns are associated as multiple turns with another β‐turn. We extracted multiple turns from the protein dataset and classified them on the basis of individual γ‐ or β‐turn types and the number of overlapping residues. Furthermore, we evaluated the amino acid positional potentials and determined the statistically significant amino acid preferences, hydrogen bond/side‐chain interaction preferences in the multiple turns and secondary structure preferences for residues immediately flanking these turns. The results of our analysis would be useful in the modeling, prediction or design of multiple turns in proteins. The amino acid sequence corresponding to the multiple turn, position in the protein chain, PDB Code/chain in which multiple turn is present and the individual turn types constituting the multiple turns are available from our website and this information would also be integrated in our Database of Structural Motifs in Proteins ( http://www.cdfd.org.in/dsmp.html ).     

Analysis of γβ, βγ, γγ, ββ continuous turns in proteins

Abstract: We report the observation of continuous turns in proteins which comprise individual γ‐turns or β‐turns or both that are situated immediately one after the other along the polypeptide chain. The continuous turns were identified from a representative data set of three‐dimensional protein crystal structures. The γβ/βγ, γγ and ββ continuous turns represent peptides of varying amino acid residue lengths and conformations. The continuous turns frequently observed in proteins were: γβ, between a coil and a strand; βγ, between a helix and a strand; γγ, between coils; and ββ, either between a strand and a coil or between strands or coils. We determined the statistically significant amino acid residue preferences at individual positions in the turn, calculated amino acid positional potentials and analyzed main chain hydrogen bonds and side‐chain interactions likely to stabilize the continuous turns. The data on continuous turns have been integrated in the database of structural motifs in proteins (DSMP) on our web server at ( http://www.cdfd.org.in/dsmp.html ). This is useful to make queries on sequences compatible with different continuous turns.     

3-O-demethyl-2,3-di-epi-fortimicins and 3-O-demethyl-3-epi-fortimicins

Syntheses of the 3-O-demethyl-2,3-di-epi-fortimicins A and B and the 3-O-demethyl-3-epi-fortimicins A and B have been accomplished in processes the key steps of which were solvolyses of 4-N-acetyl-3-O-demethyl-3-O-methanesulfonylfortimicin derivatives. Antibacterial activities of the new antibiotics are reported.     

3',3'-Difluoro-3'-deoxythymidine: comparison of anti-HIV activity to 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine.

3',3'-Difluoro-3'-deoxythymidine (3) has been synthesized in four steps from thymidine, and characterized by 1H NMR and NOE experiments. The JHF coupling constants support a conformation in solution that is predominantly 2'-endo (S). Although conformationally and sterically nucleoside 3 may resemble other thymidine analogs which are active against HIV-1, 3 is virtually inactive.     

Cyanolyse von γ-Hydroxy-γ'-ketosulfonen: ein neuer Weg zur Darstellung von γ-Sultinen

Cyanolysis of γ-Hydroxy-γ'-ketosulfones: A New Approach to γ-Sultines Cleavage of γ-hydroxy-γ'-ketosulfones 3 with cyanide leads to γ-ketonitriles 4 and γ-hydroxysulfinic acids 5 . Compounds 5 by cyclisation yield γ-sultines 6 .