氯氮平对精神分裂症患者脑电活动的影响

近年来，氯氮平引起精神分裂症患者脑电活动的改变．已有较多文献报道．并取得较大进展。本研究的目的在于观察精神分裂症患者服用不同剂量氯氮平后脑电活动的变化情况，现将51例患者的脑电图(EEG)检查结果报告如下。     

脑电图预测氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效

目的探究氯氮平治疗精神分裂症过程中脑电图（EEG）演变规律与疗效的关系,以便用EEG预测疗效,指导治疗.方法对128例精神分裂症患者行氯氮平单药治疗,在100～150mg/d、175～300mg/d、325～550mg/d时分别行EEG检查,减量或停药后再次复查EEG.用BPRS对每一入组患者治疗前、后各进行一次评定,减分率＞40%为疗效好,减分率≤40%为无效.结果氯氮平治疗过程中84.96%（322/379）的EEG有异常改变,其中94.72%（305/322）为广泛性异常或在广泛性异常背景上局限性显著.EEG异常程度与服用氯氮平剂量呈正相关.21.09%（27/128）的患者治疗早期EEG无改变（A组）,其有效率为7.41%（2/27）.78.91%（101/128）的患者氯氮平治疗早期EEG即有异常改变（B组）,其有效率为94.06%（95/101）.两组有效率相比有非常显著性差异（χ^2=87.15,P〈0.001）.结论 EEG可以预测氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效,氯氮平治疗早期EEG即有异常改变者,预示治疗有效,EEG无变化者预示疗效欠佳.     

利培酮与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症疗效对照

目的 观察利培酮与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法 口服利培酮或氯氮平各治疗精神分裂症25例,疗程8周,以PANSS评定疗效,以TESS观察副反应。结果 两药对精神分裂症均有较好疗效,利培酮副反应有EPS及失眠,氯氮平副反应有流涎、植物神经系统症状、过度镇静、白细胞减少及心电图异常。结论 利培酮与氯氮平疗效相近．但副反应小,为安全有效的一线抗精神病药物。     

影响氯氮平治疗精神分裂症疗效因素分析

为探讨影响氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症疗效的有关因素，对符合诊断标准的28例服用氯氟平治疗，治疗第4、8周末测定氯氟平浓度、疗效和不良反应，分别用简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）和副反应量表（TESS）进行评定，有效率46．43％，提示患者起病年龄偏大、既往住院次数少、末次出院疗效显进以上，BPRS焦虑抑郁、思维障碍和敌对猜疑因子分高，以及急性起病形式，对氯氟平疗效有积极影响。     

氯氮平与利培酮引起精神分裂症脑电图改变的特征

氯氮平和利培酮均为目前临床常用的抗精神病药物，已有较多报道认为两药均引起脑电图(EEG)异常，但此两药引起的EEG异常是否存在不同特征，尚不清楚。本文对此进行了探讨。1对象与方法研究对象：以我中心2004年6-12月期间的入院病人中服用利培酮和氯氮平治疗者为研究对象，作为研究条件两组必须具备：①符合CCMD-3-R精神分裂症的诊断标准；②既往无脑器质性损害及癫痫病史；③治疗前3个月未服用过各种抗精神病药物和未接受过电休克治疗(ECT)；④治疗过程中均未并用其它抗精神病药物。结果利培酮组入组62例，其中男4l例，女21例。年龄1…     

氯氮平,利培酮及合用治疗精神分裂症疗效探讨

目的:比较氯氮平,利培酮和2者合用(合用组)治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效和副作用,方法:将符合入组标准的326例精神分裂症患者随机分为氯氮平组,利吉酮组和合用组,用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定其疗效,观察副作用,结果:利培酮和氯氮平疗效相仿,氯氮平和利培酮全用优于单独使用.而且副作用较少.     

过度换气对脑电压缩谱阵图的影响

目的：研究对过度换气（ＨＶ）对常规脑电图的压缩谱阵（ＣＳＡ）的影响。方法：对３０例正常人常规ＨＶ前、中、后各１ｍｉｎ的脑电图进行ＣＳＡ分析。结果：ＨＶ前枕区主频谱峰较额区为快，波幅较高。ＨＶ中谱阵主峰解体、增强、减弱或不变，整个主峰频率有左移倾向，年龄越小改变越明显。结论：ＣＳＡ能充分地实时显示常规ＨＶ前后脑电功率变化的特点，并有新的发现     

奎硫平与氯氮平对精神分裂症患者疗效及生活质量影响的对照研究

目的 探讨奎硫平、氯氮平封精神分裂症患者疗效及生活质量的影响。方法 对符合CCMD-3精神分裂症珍断标准的患者随机给予奎硫平（36例）、氯氮平（37例）治疗6个月，采用P6性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（了ESS）、世界卫生组织编制的生活质量量表（WHO QOL-100）观察疗效、副反应和生活质量的变化．结果奎硫平组PANSS总分、阴性症状分低于氯氮平组，阳性症状分两组间差异无显著性，奎硫平组生活质量除精神支柱外均明顾改善，在生活领域、心理领域、独立性领域、社会关系领域均较氯氮平组有显著改善．结论 奎硫平组生活质量优于氯氮平组。     

利培酮与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照分析

目的 为了进一步验证利培酮在治疗精神分裂症中的疗效。方法 对病程〈３年的１１７例首次在住院的精神分裂症患者,采用分层随机法分为两组,分别首选利培酮和氯氮平进行８周治疗。以ＢＰＲＳ、ＳＡＰＳ、ＳＡＮＳ评定疗效,以ＴＥＳＳ评定副反应。结果 二药对精神分裂症疗效相当,不良反应的发生率及严重程度无统计学意义。结论 利培酮是治疗精神分裂症安全有效的药物。     

脑电监测美解眠诱发癫痫发作的护理

目的提供脑电监测美解眠诱发癫痫发作过程的安全护理,保证脑电监测质量,确定癫痫病灶。方法脑电监测前对患者进行心理评估,对患者应用抗癫痫药物干预,做好脑电监测过程中癫痫发作时各种护理措施。结果18例患者脑电监测美解眠诱发癫痫发作,抢救工作准备充分,护理措施得当,监测医生和护士密切配合,既描记癫痫病灶,又安全度过癫痫发作过程。结论癫痫发作时监测护士和医生密切配合,做好各项护理措施,是患者平安度过脑电监测癫痫发作期的重要保证。     

30例肝豆状核变性患者驱铜治疗后脑电图变化与临床疗效之间的关系

目的 :探讨肝豆状核变性 (HLD)患者驱铜治疗前后脑电图的变化与临床疗效之间的关系。方法 :对脑电图异常的 30例HLD患者 ,驱铜治疗后复查脑电图 ,并评价其临床疗效。结果 :HLD患者驱铜治疗后其脑电图基本节律好转 ,波率显著加快 (P <0 0 1) ,慢波显著减少 (P <0 0 5 ) ,脑电图的改善与临床好转显著相关。结论 :HLD患者驱铜治疗后 ,脑电图较治疗前明显好转 ,脑电监测有助于判断HLD患者驱铜治疗的临床预后。     

The therapeutic effect of hemodialysis on schizophrenia: comments and further possibilities.

Intermittent hemodialysis was recently found to have a therapeutic effect on schizophrenia, pointing to biochemical disturbances and possibly to renal malfunction as the cause of some forms of mental disorder. This paper points out that intermittent hemodialysis is not equally effective for the elimination of all solutes in the plasma. It can dispose of significant quantities of substances for which the normal urine/plasma concentration ratio is small, not of substances which the kidney concentrates in the urine by a large factor. It is further pointed out that for substances with a small urine/plasma concentration ratio thermogenic sweating could also constitute an effective means of disposal and its use is suggested as possible alternative to hemodialysis.     

Functional clustering in EEG photic and auditory driving in schizophrenia.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of photic and auditory stimuli on brain functions in schizophrenics by investigating the functional cluster (FC) of EEGs. We recorded EEGs using 16 electrodes on 10 schizophrenic patients and on 10 normal controls during photic and auditory stimuli. We estimated FC would characterize the strongly interactive brain regions among many brain regions. FC refers to the brain regions that interact much more strongly among themselves than with the rest of the brain. Brain regions that belong to the same cluster are therefore all functionally involved while, presumably, the regions that belong to separate clusters are functionally unrelated. When photic and auditory stimuli are applied, the schizophrenic patients have a very similar cluster composed of the right temporal and occipital regions for both conditions, whereas the normal controls show the normally driven information stream from the posterior areas to the prefrontal cortex. Our findings may suggest that in schizophrenics the right temporal and occipital regions strongly interact with neuronal activities not only in the resting condition but also during the stimulation condition. In addition, this strong interaction supports the abnormal brain functional connectivity and the dysfunction of the cortical structure during photic and auditory stimuli. Our study shows the existence and different pattern of FCs for normal controls and schizophrenics. Thus, FC analysis would be a potential tool to investigate the simultaneous neuronal activity of human EEGs.     

Association of DAOA polymorphisms with schizophrenia and clinical symptoms or therapeutic effects

The present study examined the correlation between variants in the d-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA) locus and clinical symptoms and response to antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Case-control analysis and the family-based association test (FBAT) were performed to investigate whether four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at DAOA gene are associated with schizophrenia. The association between the DAOA risk haplotype and clinical symptoms were examined by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). Our findings showed that the SNP rs947267 was significantly associated with schizophrenia in both case control and familial trio samples (A>C, chi(2)=8.36, p=0.004; Z=2.335, p=0.019), as well as with specific haplotypes, in particular those formed by the A allele of rs947267. In addition, the risk haplotype AAG was significantly correlated with negative, depression and cognitive impairment factors of PANSS, even with the BPRS change scores after 6-week treatment of atypical antipsychotic drugs (p<0.05). These results support the hypothesis that variations in DAOA may play a role in schizophrenia and clinical characteristics.     

Resting EEG in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia

We examined the frequency characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 102 schizophrenic patients (44 first-episode and 58 chronic patients) and 102 normal comparison subjects. EEGs of schizophrenic patients had more delta (1–3 Hz) and theta (3.125–8 Hz) activity and less alpha (8.125–13 Hz) activity than normal comparison subjects. There were no significant differences in the EEG frequency composition of first-episode and chronic patients. Because first-episode and chronic patients were characterized by different disorder durations and treatment histories, the similarity of their EEGs suggests that EEG abnormalities are stable characteristics of schizophrenia and are not treatment-related epiphenomena. A principal components analysis of EEG power bands identified an augmented low frequency-diminished alpha component and a beta component. Schizophrenic patients had significantly higher scores on the augmented low frequency-diminished alpha component than did normal comparison subjects, and there was no significant group difference in scores on the beta component. The findings of this investigation suggest that EEG abnormalities in schizophrenia reflect aspects of brain dysfunction.     

EEG phase synchronization in patients with paranoid schizophrenia

Recent findings suggest that specific deficits in neural synchrony and binding may underlie cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia and that key aspects of schizophrenia pathology involve discoordination and disconnection of distributed processes in multiple cortical areas associated with cognitive deficits. In the present study we aimed to investigate the underlying cortical mechanism of disturbed frontal-temporal-central-parietal connectivity in schizophrenia by examination of the synchronization patterns using wavelet phase synchronization index and coherence between all defined couples of 8 EEG signals recorded at different cortical sites in its relationship to positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 31 adult schizophrenic outpatients with diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia (mean age 27.4) were assessed in the study. The obtained results present the first quantitative evidence indicating direct relationship between wavelet phase synchronization and coherence in pairs of EEG signals recorded from frontal, temporal, central and parietal brain areas and positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The performed analysis demonstrates that the level of phase synchronization and coherence in some pairs of EEG signals is inversely related to positive symptoms, negative symptoms and general psychopathology in temporal scales (frequency ranges) given by wavelet frequencies (WFs) equal to or higher than 7.56 Hz, and positively related to negative symptoms in wavelet frequencies equal to or lower than 5.35 Hz. This finding suggests that higher and lower frequencies may play a specific role in binding and connectivity and may be related to decreased or increased synchrony with specific manifestation in cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.     

小儿腹泻病静脉输液张力与疗效的关系

目的研究小儿腹泻病时静脉输注液体的张力与疗效的关系,以期在临床工作中正确使用液体疗法,提高疗效。方法根据静脉输注液体的张力大小将小儿腹泻病患儿分为两组,分析疗效,进行对照。结果静脉输注1/2～2/3张液体的疗效显著高于静脉输注<1/2张液体(χ2=4.18,P<0.05)。结论静脉输注液体的张力与疗效的关系密切,在临床工作中需正确使用液体疗法。     

Protective effect of energy metabolism regulators in alteration of gravitation load under experimental conditions

Mitochondrial substrate-based preparations corrected disorders, caused by long-term exposure to abnormal gravitation vector in head-down tilt (hanging) test in rats. The preparations produced systemic and polyorgan protective effects consisting in correction of the blood prooxidant/antioxidant balance, energy metabolism in musculus soleus, and minimization of morphological changes in the liver and kidneys. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 10, pp. 423–429, October, 2006