醒酒浓缩液的药效学研究

目的观测醒酒浓缩液对醉酒小鼠防醉和解酒作用。方法采用醉酒模型并测试小鼠翻正反射消失时间及恢复时间（min），气相色谱检测血中乙醇含量。结果(1)30mL/kg、40mL/kg醒酒浓缩液对醉酒小鼠具有明显防醉和解酒作用（P<0.05～0.01）；（2）醉酒前给小鼠ig醒酒浓缩液，中、高剂量组能明显降低酒后40～120min内血液中乙醇含量（P<0.05～0.01）。结论本品具有较好预防醉酒和解酒作用，其作用机理可能与其降低血中乙醇含量有关。     

醒酒浓缩液的药效学研究

目的观测醒酒浓缩液对醉酒小鼠防醉和解酒作用.方法采用醉酒模型并测试小鼠翻正反射消失时间及恢复时间(min),气相色谱检测血中乙醇含量.结果 (1)30mL/kg、40mL/kg醒酒浓缩液对醉酒小鼠具有明显防醉和解酒作用(P<0.05～0.01);(2)醉酒前给小鼠ig醒酒浓缩液,中、高剂量组能明显降低酒后40～120min内血液中乙醇含量(P<0.05～0.01).结论本品具有较好预防醉酒和解酒作用,其作用机理可能与其降低血中乙醇含量有关.     

橘味醒酒饮醒酒功能测定

橘味醒酒饮醒酒功能测定赵超英尤育洲姚小曼北京市卫生防疫站毒理科（１０００１３）随着保健食品的迅速发展，各种醒酒类食品及饮料相继问世，目前国内尚无可遵循的模式对其功能进行客观定量检测，为此我们在文献调研的基础上［１～３］，应用乙醇对大鼠中枢神经系统的麻...     

急诊接诊酒醉患者的风险因素分析及对策

目的研究分析急诊接诊酒醉患者的常见风险,分析综合醒酒方法对急诊酒醉患者的治疗效果。方法选择2013年1月至2014年1月我院收治的急诊接诊酒醉患者共62例为临床研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组患者给予常规醒酒方法,实验组患者给予综合醒酒方法,对比观察两组患者的清醒时间、急救成功率和患者的风险发生率。结果实验组患者清醒时间为(2.77±1.02)h,发生风险2例,与对照组患者比较差异明显,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。实验组患者与对照组患者的抢救成功率对比差异不明显,P>0.05。结论对急诊接诊酒醉患者给予综合醒酒的方法可以有效地降低患者的风险发生,缩短清醒所用时间,是一种较好的治疗方法。     

醒酒4小方

（1）口服食醋。 （2）用陈醋50毫升、红糖25克、生姜3片共煎水服。     

醒酒消脂汤治疗酒精性脂肪肝的临床疗效

目的观察醒酒消脂汤治疗酒精性脂肪肝的治疗效果及安全性。方法笔者所在医院60例酒精性脂肪肝患者随机分为两组各30例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组给予醒酒消脂汤治疗,比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后治疗组总效率(90.0%),显著高于对照组(76.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组B超分级与治疗前比较均显著改善(P<0.05),且治疗组比对照组改善明显(P<0.05)。结论醒酒消脂汤可明显改善酒精性脂肪肝患者肝功能和降低血脂。     

醒酒宝冲剂对酒精中毒的影响

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赶黄草对预防醉酒及解酒效能研究

目的研究赶黄草的预防醉酒和解酒作用。方法通过五粮春造成小白鼠醉酒的模型,再分别按试验组给予一定剂量的赶黄草、郁金、生理盐水,观察其醒酒时间,翻正反射。结果赶黄草组与生理盐水组比较,小鼠翻正反射消失时间和酒醒时间有显著性差异。而郁金组与生理盐水组比较,小鼠翻正反射消失时间和酒醒时间无显著性差异。     

复方甘草酸苷的临床应用

通过分析相关文献,说明复方甘草酸苷的药理作用,临床评价。复方甘草酸苷具有抗炎、抗过敏、保护肝细胞膜、免疫调节作用、糖皮质激素样作用等,可广泛用于肝病领域,皮肤病领域,肿瘤放化疗领域等的治疗。复方甘草酸苷是用于某些肝病、皮肤病和放化疗保护方面的理想药物之一。     

Comparisons of the analgesic effects of oral and intramuscular oxymorphone and of intramuscular oxymorphone and morphine in patients with cancer.

The relative analgesic potency of oral and intramuscular oxymorphone was evaluated in a double-blind crossover comparison of graded single doses in patients with chronic pain due to cancer. When both duration and intensity of analgesia are considered (total effect), oral oxymorphone was 1/6 as potent as the intramuscular form. In terms of peak effect, however, oral oxymorphone was only 1/14 as potent. These values are almost identical to those obtained in a previous study comparing oral with intramuscular morphine. The analgesic effect of oral oxymorphone rose to a peak later and had a longer duration than the effect of intramuscular oxymorphone. Intramuscular oxymorphone and morphine were also compared in a similar patient group. Intramuscular oxymorphone proved to be 8.7 times as potent as morphine in terms of total analgesic effect and 13 times as potent in terms of peak effect. In roughly equinalgesic doses, the occurrence of side effects was qualitatively and quantitatively similar for oral and intramuscular oxymorphone and for intramuscular oxymorphone and morphine.     

Effects of cilostazol on platelet function

The antiplatelet effect of cilostazol (OPC-13013) was investigated by means of both in vitro and in vivo examinations. With the in vitro tests, cilostazol showed an inhibitive effect approximately 10 times greater than trapidil as a result of comparative examinations of the platelet aggregation inhibitive effect using trapidil as the control. In the in vivo tests, which were conducted to observe the platelet aggregation inhibitive effect as a result of oral administration of cilostazol at 100 mg/d for 4 weeks to patients with stable cerebral vascular diseases, a significant decrease in aggregation was recognized.     

Characterization of butyrylcholinesterase antagonism of cocaine-induced hyperactivity.

Although there are several published demonstrations that exogenous butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) works to antagonize cocaine in vivo, a systematic characterization of the enzyme-drug interaction is lacking as is confirmation of the mechanism of effect. This has been addressed using cocaine-induced locomotor activity in mice as a behavioral endpoint. The enzyme was effective, but the enzyme dose-antagonist effect relationship revealed an asymptotic partial maximum effect. This effect was not due to dose-dependent enzyme pharmacokinetics or to a stimulant effect of the cocaine metabolites but rather to partial metabolism of cocaine. Since neither metabolite of cocaine inhibited enzyme activity as potently as cocaine, partial metabolism is not likely due to end-product inhibition. The enzyme reduced the maximum effect of cocaine on locomotor activity. The mechanistic data are generally consistent: the enzyme was inactive against the nonester dopamine/norepinephrine uptake inhibitor, nomifensine, and a paraoxon-inactivated sample of enzyme was ineffective. However, the enzyme was effective against bupropion, a nonester dopamine uptake inhibitor.     

Acute tolerance development to the diuretic effect of furosemide in the rat

Furosemide was given to rats as five different i.v. bolus doses (2.5-100 mg kg-1), or as an i.v. infusion to a steady-state concentration in plasma of 14 micrograms ml-1. The urinary furosemide excretion rate (delta Ae/delta t) and the diuretic effect (volume of urine) were measured. A parallel shift in the excretion-response curve was seen as a fivefold increase in (delta Ae/delta t)50 [delta Ae/delta t) at half-maximal effect) between the i.v. bolus doses from 2.5 to 40 mg kg-1. The slope factor did not change. During infusion, a decrease in efficiency to 20 per cent of the initial value was seen. These results are indicative of an acute tolerance development to the diuretic effect of furosemide. Some intrarenal feedback inhibition mechanism might be involved, as the extracellular fluid volume seems to be of great importance to the effect obtained. The resulting effect can be compared with the influence of a competitive antagonist.     

Comparison of anticonvulsant effect of pentobarbital and phenobarbital against seizures induced by maximal electroshock and picrotoxin in rats

Pentobarbital and phenobarbital exhibited anticonvulsant effect against maximal electroshock (MES) and picrotoxin-induced seizures in rats. Bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist, reversed the anticonvulsant effect of pentobarbital, but not of phenobarbital, at a dose having no effect per se. Although picrotoxin (2 mg/kg, IP) potentiated MES seizures, it did not reverse the anticonvulsant effect due to either pentobarbital or phenobarbital. GABAB receptor antagonists such as delta-amino-n-valeric acid and homotaurine failed to modify the anticonvulsant effect due to pentobarbital or phenobarbital. Furthermore, GABAA agonist muscimol but not baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, exhibited the anticonvulsant effect against MES-induced seizures. However, baclofen when combined with sub-effective dose of pentobarbital or phenobarbital offered protection against MES seizures. Pentobarbital and phenobarbital were effective in almost equivalent doses against MES, as well as against picrotoxin-induced seizures. These observations indicated that pentobarbital exhibits anticonvulsant effect against MES seizures through the involvement of GABAA receptors, and activation of GABAB receptors alone does not seem to play any significant role in MES seizures and in the anticonvulsant effect of pentobarbital. However, activation of GABAB receptor does potentiate the facilitatory effect of barbiturates on GABAAergic transmission and in their anti-MES effect. Moreover, these results also suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of barbiturates against MES-seizures may involve other mechanisms in addition to GABAAergic transmission.     

Skin decontamination: Importance of the wash-in effect.

That skin washing/decontamination may increase percutaneous absorption is commonly referred to as the 'wash-in' (W-I) effect. This article traces the development of the W-I effect both in vivo and more recently in vitro. The mechanism(s) responsible for this effect are examined particularly in relation to the laboratory method used in vitro. The importance of the W-I effect is presented and it is recommended that caution be practiced when skin is washed as the W-I effect may increase both local cutaneous and general systemic toxicity. Experimental data on a wide variety of chemicals are urgently needed.     

来氟米特联合白芍总苷胶囊治疗类风湿关节炎52例

目的分析来氟米特联合白芍总苷胶囊治疗类风湿关节炎的临床效果,以为类风湿性关节炎的治疗提供相应的方法参照。方法选取2009年10月至2012年10月收治52例类风湿性关节炎患者,均采用来氟米特联合白芍总苷胶囊治疗,列为观察组;同时,随机选取2004年9月至2009年9月收治的类风湿性关节炎患者中单用来氟米特治疗的患者52例,列为对照组,对两组临床基本治疗效果以及不良反应情况发生率分别比较分析。结果观察组治疗后总有效率为92.4%,对照组治疗后总有效率为78.8%;观察组不良反应情况发生率为3.8%;对照组不良反应情况发生率为7.6%,且症状程度相对更重;整体比较,观察组临床效果更显著(P<0.05)。结论来氟米特联合白芍总苷胶囊治疗类风湿性关节炎疗效显著,安全可靠,值得临床予以推广。     

Reduction of the antinociceptive effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan in morphine tolerant rats

The effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on pain threshold was studied in rats both tolerant and nontolerant to the analgesic action of morphine as assessed using a procedure of electrical stimulation. The compound elevated pain threshold and exhibited an additive effect with morphine analgesia in nontolerant rats. A marked reduction of the antinociceptive action of the serotonin precursor as well as absence of the additive effect with morphine was observed in rats tolerant to the analgesic. These results are discussed in terms of the possible mechanism of action of serotonin on morphine effects.     

The effect of atropine, propantheline and poldine on the vagally stimulated gastric motility and the histamine-stimulated acid gastric secretion in the rat

Histamine-induced acid gastric secretion in the anaesthetized rat was not diminished by poldine in a dose which reduced vagally stimulated gastric contractions by approximately 75%. A dose of atropine, twice as large as the dose which reduced gastric contractions by 75%, had no apparent effect on the histamine-stimulated acid gastric secretion up to 2 hr after the injection. Only when more than 40 times as much atropine was injected did a slight inhibition of the acid secretion occur in 80 to 120 min. Propantheline, in a dose which inhibited gastric contractions by approximately 75%, slightly diminished acid secretion in 40 to 80 min. This effect was not increased by a further dose of propantheline. It was concluded that, in so far as any inhibition of acid gastric secretion had occurred, this could not be interpreted as an anti-muscarine or a direct toxic effect, but rather as an indirect effect possibly due to interference with the blood flow through the stomach wall.