前交叉韧带损伤对膝关节前内侧骨性关节炎单髁置换术效果的短期影响

目的探讨前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤对膝关节前内侧骨性关节炎单髁置换术后短期临床效果的影响。方法回顾性分析自2009-01—2012-01尝试采用微创单髁置换术治疗的合并ACL损伤的膝关节骨性关节炎60例(60膝),其中50例ACL完全断裂,10例ACL部分断裂。术中直视下确认ACL的损伤情况。术前及末次随访时采用KSS评分评估膝关节功能,比较手术前后膝关节活动度、下肢力线,观察有无假体的松动、感染、磨损、脱位等并发症。结果 60例术后均获平均30.5(25~48)个月随访。所有患者术后均无感染、脂肪栓塞或下肢深静脉血栓形成,未出现假体位置不良、假体脱位及假体松动。术后膝关节X线片显示内翻畸形矫正,假体位置良好。术后髋膝踝角平均内翻0.8°(0.5°~2.0°),较术前明显减小,差异有统计学意义(t=14.235,P0.001)。术后膝关节活动度平均122°(110°~130°),较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(t=11.124,P0.001)。末次随访时KSS关节评分平均84(70~90)分,KSS功能评分平均95.1(80~100)分,均较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(t=15.523,P0.001;t=9.258,P0.001)。结论 ACL损伤对单髁置换术后短期效果没有影响,中长期的影响尚需进一步随访研究。     

Total knee arthroplasty after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, and many of these patients go on to ACL reconstruction. At a later date, some may develop symptomatic osteoarthritis and require total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This raises the question: Does prior ACL reconstruction have a deleterious impact on the outcome of knee arthroplasty? Thirty-six cases of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction and then TKA at a later date were retrospectively reviewed. A cohort of patients without ACL injuries who underwent TKA for the diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis were selected to serve as controls. The results of this study demonstrate that previous ACL reconstruction does not have a negative impact on the outcome of future TKA with respect to range of motion, outcome scores, infection, or patella baja.     

前交叉韧带重建联合单髁置换术的临床应用进展

膝关节单髁置换术在治疗骨关节炎方面取得了巨大的成功,但对前交叉韧带缺陷合并内侧间室骨关节炎患者的治疗目前仍存在争议,手术方式选择有限。前交叉韧带重建联合单髁置换术是一种有效的治疗方式,但目前临床上大多数关节外科医师对于该技术仍缺乏了解和认识,本文就该技术的进展作一综述。     

前交叉韧带MRI异常患者单髁膝关节置换随访分析

目的 探讨术前膝关节核磁共振(MRI)前交叉韧带(ACL)异常结果对单髁膝关节置换术(U KA)疗效影响.方法 本研究采用t检验、秩和检验、方差分析等统计方法,回顾性分析广州医科大学附属第一医院关节外科2014年5月至2019年5月收治的单髁膝关节置换术治疗膝前内侧骨关节炎患者.纳入标准:确诊膝关节前内侧骨关节炎、膝关...     

Combined anterior cruciate reconstruction and Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

The options for treatment of the young active patient with isolated symptomatic osteoarthritis of the medial compartment and pre-existing deficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament are limited. The potential longevity of the implant and levels of activity of the patient may preclude total knee replacement, and tibial osteotomy and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty are unreliable because of the ligamentous instability. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasties tend to fail because of wear or tibial loosening resulting from eccentric loading. Therefore, we combined reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with unicompartmental arthroplasty of the knee in 15 patients (ACLR group), and matched them with 15 patients who had undergone Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with an intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACLI group). The clinical and radiological data at a minimum of 2.5 years were compared for both groups. The groups were well matched for age, gender and length of follow-up and had no significant differences in their pre-operative scores. At the last follow-up, the mean outcome scores for both the ACLR and ACLI groups were high (Oxford knee scores of 46 (37 to 48) and 43 (38 to 46), respectively, objective Knee Society scores of 99 (95 to 100) and 94 (82 to 100), and functional Knee Society scores of 96 and 96 (both 85 to 100). One patient in the ACLR group needed revision to a total knee replacement because of infection. No patient in either group had radiological evidence of component loosening. The radiological study showed no difference in the pattern of tibial loading between the groups. The short-term clinical results of combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty are excellent. The previous shortcomings of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the presence of deficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament appear to have been addressed with the combined procedure. This operation seems to be a viable treatment option for young active patients with symptomatic arthritis of the medial compartment, in whom the anterior cruciate ligament has been ruptured.     

Preservation of anterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty

Few prostheses allow preservation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during total knee replacement. We report a short-term, prospective, open study of 32 ACL-retaining and 93 ACL-replacing total knee replacements and compare the respective outcomes of both prosthesis types with a follow-up time of 2–3 years. Mean operative time, complication or revision rates did not differ, nor did the early and late clinical and radiological evaluations. This study does not support the suggestion that technical difficulties increase for ACL preservation. The clinical and functional results were neither improved nor worsened for ACL-retaining prostheses. There is thus no advantage, but also no inconvenience, in retaining the ACL according to short- to mid-term results of a gliding posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-retaining prosthesis with ACL-replacement design. The possibility of an improved long-term outcome of an ACL-retaining prosthesis should be investigated further. Received: 10 September 1997     

Total knee arthroplasty for advanced osteoarthritis in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee

Purpose  

Little is known about intra-operative difficulties and outcomes of TKA in ACL deficient knees.     

Unicompartmental arthroplasty of the knee: Cadaver study of the importance of the anterior cruciate ligament

The tibiofemoral articulation on horizontal and 10° tilted tibial components was examined radiographically in 20 cadaver knees after lateral arthroplasty, and after cutting the anterior cruciate ligament in 10 knees with medial and 10 with lateral arthroplasty. Articulation took place more posteriorly on the horizontal components at any degree of flexion examined; a correlation was found between the operation-induced change in the inclination of the lateral tibial plateau and the point of articulation. Based on the regression equations, the expected point of articulation on an arbitrarily chosen component placement could be calculated for any degree of flexion provided the preoperative inclination was known. Cutting the anterior cruciate ligament caused articulation to move posteriorly on the tibial component at both medial and lateral arthroplasty. We concluded that it was possible to estimate the tilt of the tibial component that was required to avoid marginal articulations when the preoperative slope of the tibial plateau was known. Absence of the anterior cruciate ligament seems to contraindicate unicornpartmental arthroplasty.     

前交叉韧带重建术后膝关节功能及三维运动步态分析

目的 探讨前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术后膝关节稳定性、功能及三维步态运动学情况.方法 回顾性分析2015年7月到2017年7月在佛山市中医院运动学科采用自体腘绳肌腱行ACL重建并进行了二次关节镜探查的270例病例,其中男164例,女106例.采用Lysholm评分、国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)评分、Tenger评分、...     

Rehabilitation of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

From the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic, 501 E. Hardy Street, Suite 200, Inglewood, CA 90301. New information regarding the isometric placement of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) substitute, revascularization process, and biomechanical stresses have all contributed to and been incorporated in the rehabilitation program after ACL reconstruction. Treatment protocols specifically designed for the patient following ACL reconstruction are imperative to return the individual to his or her preinjury status. Care is taken to limit the amount of stress placed on the ligament substitute especially at end of range extension. A program incorporating techniques for developing range of motion and strength while still preserving stability at the knee joint is still of the utmost importance. This program is a revision of a previously reported regimen from this facility (Brewster, Moynes, Jobe, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 5:121-126, 1983) and is based upon clinical experience and research information. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1989;11(1):8-18.     

Unicompartmental arthroplasty of the knee. Cadaver study of the importance of the anterior cruciate ligament

The tibiofemoral articulation on horizontal and 10 degrees tilted tibial components was examined radiographically in 20 cadaver knees after lateral arthroplasty, and after cutting the anterior cruciate ligament in 10 knees with medial and 10 with lateral arthroplasty. Articulation took place more posteriorly on the horizontal components at any degree of flexion examined; a correlation was found between the operation-induced change in the inclination of the lateral tibial plateau and the point of articulation. Based on the regression equations, the expected point of articulation on an arbitrarily chosen component placement could be calculated for any degree of flexion provided the preoperative inclination was known. Cutting the anterior cruciate ligament caused articulation to move posteriorly on the tibial component at both medial and lateral arthroplasty. We concluded that it was possible to estimate the tilt of the tibial component that was required to avoid marginal articulations when the preoperative slope of the tibial plateau was known. Absence of the anterior cruciate ligament seems to contraindicate unicompartmental arthroplasty.     

Macroscopic evaluation of the anterior cruciate ligament in osteoarthritic patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Background

Sacrifice of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is currently common practice during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, patients who receive an ACL-retaining TKA maintain more normal knee kinematic patterns than those without an ACL. Additionally, satisfactory survival and function more than 20 years after bicruciate-retaining TKA has recently been reported. The purpose of this study was to compare the percentage of knees with a visually intact ACL prior to TKA surgery with previously reported values.

Methods

A total of 247 knees (216 consecutive patients) that underwent TKA were retrospectively evaluated. The preoperative diagnosis for all patients was primary OA. The macroscopic appearance of the ACL at the time of surgery was retrospectively assessed using routinely recorded digital photographs and classified as normal, moderately damaged (fissured), or completely ruptured. Both normal and moderately damaged ACLs were defined as intact.

Results

Ninety-four percent (233/247) of the knees had an intact ACL (normal or moderately damaged). This value is higher than that found in previous reports.

Conclusions

Our results show more candidates for bicruciate ligament-retaining TKA surgery than reported previously. This suggests that improved techniques for bicruciate-retaining TKA would be clinically useful and could benefit a large number of patients.

     

单髁膝关节置换术后膝关节三维运动学特性研究

目的探讨单髁膝关节置换后膝关节与骨关节炎病变膝关节及正常膝关节在正常平地行走中的三维运动学差异。方法在瑞金医院骨科2011年3月至2012年5月间进行的7例单髁膝关节置换手术病例和10位健康人对照组进行步态分析比较。7例单髁病例中,男1例,女6例,平均年龄65．3岁（53～73岁）,步态分析时间距手术后平均7个月（4～12个月）,所有单髁膝关节置换均使用Oxford（BiometLtd）活动平台内侧单髁膝关节假体,手术病例对侧膝关节也存在内侧间隙骨关节炎并等待进行手术。10例健康人中,男5例,女5例,平均年龄56．8岁（53～6l岁）,所有健康人对照组均无髋膝关节疼痛和髋膝关节活动功能障碍病史。本研究采用红外运动捕捉系统（MX．F40,Vicon,OxfordUK）,对多点体表标记点进行步态数据记录,计算股骨相对于胫骨的旋转和移动运动学数据,比较单髁膝关节置换后膝关节在上述三维运动中与对侧病变膝关节和正常膝关节的差异。结果在步态周期内,单髁膝关节置换术后膝关节三维运动学表现与对侧病变膝关节及正常对照组膝关节均存在不同的差异。其中,在矢状面屈伸运动、水平面的内外旋运动、冠状面内外翻运动以及前后方向平移运动中,单髁置换后膝关节运动曲线都与正常膝关节更为接近。结论单髁膝关节置换术后,膝关节运动学表现上比对侧病变膝关节在旋转运动和平移运动中,更接近与正常膝关节的运动学特性。     

Proprioception of the knee before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine, first, if there is measurable deficit in proprioception in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee, either compared to the contralateral knee or external controls; second, if this deficit, if present, improves after ACL reconstruction; and third, if improvement occurs, what the time course of improvement is. Type of Study: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Patients undergoing ACL reconstruction at the University of Chicago, demonstrating a full and painless range of motion and no other knee ligament injury or history of previous knee surgery, were eligible. Twenty-six patients, with an average age of 25 years (range, 16 to 48) were enrolled. Average time from injury to reconstruction was 8 weeks. The patients' contralateral knee served as an internal control, and 26 age-matched and gender-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled as an external control group. ACL reconstructions were performed using a single-incision technique with either bone–patellar tendon–bone or quadrupled hamstring autograft. They were allowed immediate weightbearing as tolerated and participated in a standardized rehabilitation program, with the goal of returning to sport at approximately 6 months. Proprioception testing was carried out using an electrogoniometer, in a seated position. Joint position sense (JPS) and threshold to detection of passive motion (TDPM) were measured preoperatively and at 3 and 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: Mean KT-2000 values 6 months postoperatively were 1.38 mm (±2). Modified Lysholm score improved significantly (P < .01). Calculated r values were 0.65 for JPS and 0.96 for TDPM. No significant differences in postoperative proprioception were found between hamstring and patellar tendon grafts or among patients with meniscus injury, meniscus repair, or chondral injury. Preoperatively, the mean TDPM in both the injured and contralateral knees was significantly higher (worse) than in the external control knees (P = .008; P = .016). Evaluation of changes in proprioception from preoperative to 6 months postoperative showed significant improvement in both injured and contralateral knees (P = .04; P = .01). At 6-month follow-up, there was no significant difference from controls. Conclusions: TDPM was a more reliable method than JPS for testing proprioception before and after ACL reconstruction in this study. Bilateral deficits in knee joint proprioception (TDPM) were documented after unilateral ACL injury. Reconstruction of a mechanical restraint (ACL graft) was believed to have a significantly positive impact on early and progressive improvement in proprioception.     

Recurrent hemarthrosis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Recurrent hemarthrosis after knee arthroplasty can be disabling, requiring adequate and immediate diagnosis and treatment for recovery of symptoms and joint function. The most commonly reported cause is impingement of proliferative synovium between prosthetic components. Although various procedures for hemarthrosis have been reported after knee arthroplasty for patients who do not respond to conservative treatment, the recommended first-line therapy is open surgery or embolization. Although hyperplastic synovium was observed during the first and second arthrotomy, in our case, tissue impingement was not detected. We describe a rare case of recurrent hemarthrosis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and successful treatment by open synovectomy. A 66-year-old woman presented with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle in the right leg. She underwent UKA of the right knee of the medial condyle. Eighteen months after UKA, the patient developed recurrent hemarthrosis. Open arthrotomy was performed 22 months after UKA, revealing only hematoma with no obvious hemorrhage or loosening of the prosthesis. No history of trauma or use of anticoagulant medications was present. After a symptom-free period of 8 months, another 2 episodes of hemarthrosis occurred over the course of 8 months. A second open arthrotomy was performed. Hyperplastic synovium with fibrin and hemosiderin pigmentation was observed, again without hemorrhage or loosening. There were no pathological features of pigmented villonodular synovitis. Synovectomy was performed, and no hemarthrosis has recurred for 2 years.     

Accuracy of anterior cruciate ligament tunnel placement with an active robotic system: A cadaveric study

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of tunnel placement for ACL reconstruction performed with an active robotic system. Type of Study: Cadaveric analysis. Methods: A reference screw containing 4 fiducials was placed in the femur and tibia of 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees. A preoperative plan was developed using images from 3-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions of the knee. The active robotic system then drilled the tunnels. The location and direction of each planned tunnel in the femur and tibia were determined from the preoperative plan. To compare these parameters postoperatively, a mechanical digitizer and a tunnel plug were used. The deviation in location and direction between the planned and drilled tunnel was determined. Results: In preliminary trials, the tibial tunnel was located inaccurately because slippage of the drill bit occurred on the bone at the start of tunnel drilling. This was minimized by decreasing the feed rate of the robot by 75%. For the remaining 10 knees, deviations with respect to the preoperative plan were found of 2.0 ± 1.2 mm and 1.1° ± 0.7° for the intra- articular tibial tunnel location and direction, respectively. For the femur, the deviations were 1.3 ± 0.9 mm for the tunnel location (intra-articular) and 1.0° ± 0.6° for the tunnel direction. Conclusions: The active robotic system is highly accurate for tunnel placement during ACL reconstruction, meaning that the robot drills the tunnels very close to the surgeon’s plan. Comparison to a control group of surgeons could not be made because no preoperative plan is usually created in traditional surgery. However, accuracy values in this study were found to be below the values for precision of repeated tunnel placements reported in the literature.     

Anterolateral instability in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee: A cadaver study

Knee instability was evaluated in 13 normal osteoligamentous knee preparations after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. Abduction-adduction rotation, coupled tibial translatory movement, and coupled tibial axial rotation were recorded continuously and simultaneously during flexion or extension while applying a well defined valgus directed moment and during extension while applying an anterior tibial force. As a result of the valgus-directed moment, an increase was found in abduction rotation, in coupled anterior tibial translation, and in coupled internal tibial axial rotation. Coupled rotatory and translatory instabilities were larger, and maximum instability was observed at a smaller knee angle during the extension movement than during the flexion movement. The pattern of the instability, excited as a result of the valgus moment, was different from the instability excited as a result of an anterior tibial force.     

The posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty

The purpose of this study was to answer 2 questions: Does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) produce femoral rollback in a single-design, cruciate-sparing total knee arthroplasty (TKA)? Does the PCL prevent posterior tibial displacement when it is retained after a single-design, cruciate-sparing TKA? Knee kinematics and limits of motion were measured with the knees in the following states: (1) intact knee, (2) anterior cruciate-deficient knee, (3) PCL-retaining total knee of a single design (TKA), (4) PCL-retaining TKA with PCL cut, and (5) PCL-substituting TKA. Femoral rollback was then calculated from the above data. The results showed that the PCL was able to prevent posterior translation and maintain femoral rollback when it was preserved during TKA. Therefore, the PCL can be functional after TKA, in a single-design, cruciate-sparing TKA. When the PCL was cut, significant changes in knee kinematics were observed.     

In vitro investigation of posterior cruciate ligament strain following total knee arthroplasty

AIM: The aim of this biomechanical in vitro study was to assess posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) strain following two different total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs (fixed versus mobile) with regard to modification of the tibial slope. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated eight Natural Knee I (NK I) prosthesis with fixed bearing and eight Low Contact Stress (LCS) prosthesis with mobile meniscal bearings. TKA was performed using fresh frozen human cadaveric knee joints. PCL strain was measured with implantable force transducers. Knee kinematic assessment was made with a load of 300 Newton and without load using a six-degrees-of-freedom testing device. Modification of the tibial slope was analysed radiographically. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and the Spearman coefficient of correlation. RESULTS: Assessment of the tibial slope showed a non-significant increase of 2.1 degrees (p = 0.14) following TKA using the NK I, and of 1.1 degrees (p = 0.12) using the LCS, respectively. Analysis of PCL strain following implantation of the NK I prosthesis revealed non-significant alterations both with (p = 0.74) and without load (p = 0.20). Concerning the LCS prosthesis, a significant decrease in PCL strain was seen with load (p = 0.01), whereas non-significant modifications were measured without load (p = 1.0). The modified tibial slope and modified PCL strain following LCS TKA showed no (with load: r (s) = 0.01) and modest correlation (without load: r (s) = - 0.43), respectively, whereas it was substantial following NK I TKA (with load: r (s) = 0.64, without load: r (s) = 0.70). CONCLUSION: As the NK I prosthesis allows PCL tension to be close to normal as the knee flexes, it can be stated that regular PCL tension after TKA is restorable and, moreover, it can be hypothesised that the effected tension of the PCL mainly depends on the interaction between design of the implant (fixed/mobile) and the functional role of the PCL.