Job strain and risk of musculoskeletal symptoms among a prospective cohort of occupational computer users

OBJECTIVES: Most previous studies of the association between psychosocial stress and musculoskeletal illness among computer users have been cross-sectional and have yielded inconsistent results. The association between a measure of psychosocial stress, "job strain", and incident neck-shoulder and arm-hand musculoskeletal symptoms was investigated among recently hired computer users. METHODS: The participants worked for one of several large employers and were followed prospectively for 6 months. The "job demands" and "decision latitude" subscales of the Job Content Questionnaire were used to estimate the job-strain quadrants and a ratio measure of job strain which was subsequently categorized. Incident musculoskeletal symptoms were obtained with weekly diaries. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between job strain and incident musculoskeletal symptoms. RESULTS: Those in the high-strain quadrant were at increased risk of neck-shoulder symptoms [hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.91-2.99] when compared with those in the low-strain quadrant. Those in the highest strain-ratio category were also at increased risk of neck-shoulder symptoms when compared with those in the lowest strain-ratio category (HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.88-2.62). Modification by previous years of computer use was observed, with an elevated risk observed for those in the highest job-strain ratio category who also had low previous computer use (HR 3.16, 95% CI 1.25-8.00). There did not appear to be an association between either measure of job strain and incident arm-hand symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, workers who reported high job strain were more likely to develop neck-shoulder symptoms.     

Job strain and neck-shoulder symptoms: a prevalence study of women and men white-collar workers

BACKGROUND: Neck-shoulder symptoms are frequent among workers. Psychosocial factors at work have been associated with neck-shoulder symptoms, but few studies have examined job strain, the combined effect of high psychological demands (PD) and low decision latitude (DL). AIMS: To examine the association between psychosocial factors at work and the prevalence of self-reported neck-shoulder symptoms among white-collar workers. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of 1543 white-collar workers, PD and DL at work were measured with Karasek's questionnaire. Prevalent cases were workers for whom neck-shoulder symptoms were present for >or=3 days during the previous 7 days and for whom pain intensity was greater than half the visual analogue scale. Gender and social support at work were evaluated as potential effect modifiers. RESULTS: Workers exposed to high job strain had a higher prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms [adjusted prevalence ratio (PR): 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-2.37]. No modifying effect of gender was observed in this association. The effect of job strain was stronger in workers with low social support (adjusted PR: 1.84, 95% CI: 0.92-3.68). These associations tended to be stronger and/or more precise when using alternative exposures and case definition. Namely, a stronger job strain effect was observed when a tertile cut-off was used to classify exposure (adjusted PR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.15-5.32). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that primary prevention of neck-shoulder symptoms among white-collar workers should consider the exposure to job strain, especially when workers are exposed to low social support at work.     

Relationships between work-related factors and disorders in the neck-shoulder and low-back region among female and male ambulance personnel

This cross-sectional study on a random sample of 1,500 ambulance personnel investigated the relationships between self-reported work-related physical and psychosocial factors, worry about work conditions, and musculoskeletal disorders among female and male ambulance personnel. Three different outcomes, complaints, activity limitation, and sick leave, for the neck-shoulder and low-back region, respectively, were chosen. Among the female personnel, physical demands was significantly associated with activity limitation in the neck-shoulder (OR 4.13) and low-back region (OR 2.17), and psychological demands with neck-shoulder (OR 2.37) and low-back (OR 2.28) complaints. Among the male personnel, physical demands was significantly associated with low-back complaints (OR 1.41) and activity limitation (OR 1.62). Psychological demands and lack of social support were significantly associated with neck-shoulder complaints (OR 1.86 and OR 1.58, respectively) and activity limitation (OR 3.46 and OR 1.71) as well as activity limitation due to low-back complaints (OR 2.22 and OR 1.63). Worry about work conditions was independently associated with activity limitation due to low-back complaints among the female (OR 5.28), and to both neck-shoulder and low-back complaints (OR 1.79 and OR 2.04, respectively) and activity limitation (OR 2.32 and OR 1.95) among the male personnel. In conclusion, the association patterns between physical and psychological demands and MSDs suggest opportunities for intervention.     

Psychosocial and physical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, shoulders, and lower back in salespeople.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the association between symptoms from the musculoskeletal system and many psychosocial and other physical stressors in the job demand-control-support model. Also to analyse the influence of personality characteristics. METHODS: 1306 salespeople answered a self administered questionnaire on job characteristics, exposures, personality characteristics, social network, smoking and drinking habits, and symptoms of the neck, shoulders, and low back. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, high job demands were related to neck and shoulder symptoms (ORs 1.43-1.47 in the highest exposure groups compared with the lowest), and tendency to become overworked and lack of social support from colleagues were related to back pain (OR 1.81-2.04 in the highest exposure groups compared with the lowest). Lack of variation in the job, low control over time, and high competition were related to neck symptoms, but there was an interaction so that both low control over time and high competition had to be present to increase the OR. Also, driving long distances and sedentary work were related to neck and low back pain, and time spent in the car to shoulder pain (ORs 1.64-2.80 in the three highest groups v the lowest exposure groups). CONCLUSION: Both psychosocial and physical factors were associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. Many dimensions of the demand-control-support model were associated with symptoms. Only one personality characteristic, tendency to feel overworked, significantly influenced the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms.     

Work environment and smoking cessation over a five-year period

AIMS: The authors set out to estimate effects of occupational factors on smoking cessation among Danish employees. METHODS: Data from 3,606 observations of smokers gathered from the Danish National Work Environment Cohort Study in 1990, 1995, and 2000 were analysed by logistic regression. The model comprised background variables, smoking variables, and measures of psychosocial and other aspects of the work environment. RESULTS: Statistically significant odds ratios (OR) for cessation were found for medium versus no exposure to noise (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.93), for high versus low physical workload (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.47-0.73), for high versus low psychological demands (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.12-1.80), and for medium versus low levels of responsibility at work (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03-1.65). CONCLUSION: The probability of smoking cessation differs between people with different exposures to certain work environmental factors.     

Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in an aluminum smelter

A cross-sectional study of selected jobs in an aluminum smelter was conducted to assess the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMDs), and to estimate their association with physical and psychosocial characteristics of the jobs. A structured interview and physical exam were used to assess the musculoskeletal health status of the participants, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the psychosocial factors. Observational job analysis was conducted to evaluate 37 potential physical risk factors. Complete data were available for 104 subjects. The prevalence of WMDs on interview and physical exam were 0.8%, 14.9%, 11.6%, 14.9%, and 17.4% for the neck, shoulder, elbow/forearm, hand/wrist, and low back regions, respectively. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to model the relationship between physical and psychosocial factors and health status. Years of forearm twisting were found to be a significant predictor for hand/wrist disorders on interview (OR = 17, 95% CI = 2.9–106); for elbow/foream disorders on physical exam and interview (OR = 37, 95% CI = 3.0–470); and for shoulder disorders on interview (OR = 92, 95% CI = 7.3–∞) and on interview and physical exam (OR = 46, 95% CI = 3.8–550). Low decision latitude was also found to be significant for the shoulder on interview (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.3–16). High job satisfaction (OR = 5.9, 95% CI = 1.4–25) and low social support (OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.3–22) were associated with low back pain report on interview; only high job satisfaction (OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.1–26) was associated with low back pain on both interview and physical exam. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:66-75, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial work environment,among Swedish commercial pilots

Purpose

The associations between psychosocial work conditions and health in pilots are understudied, and therefore, the associations between the psychosocial work conditions and musculoskeletal problems among Swedish commercial pilots were investigated.

Methods

In 2010, a self-administered questionnaire study was performed among pilots in one Swedish commercial airline: 354 pilots participated (61 %). Musculoskeletal symptoms and the psychosocial work conditions measured by the demand control social support model were investigated. Odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were expressed per change of one unit on the interquartile score scale.

Results

Pilots on long-haul flights had less elbow symptoms (OR 0.34, 95 % CI 0.14–0.85), and women had more hand symptoms (OR 2.90, 95 % CI 1.11–7.52). There were associations between high work demands and symptoms from the neck (OR 2.04, 95 % CI 1.45–2.88), shoulders (OR 1.46, 95 % 1.05–2.03), elbows (OR 1.79, 95 % CI 1.10–2.90) and low back (OR 1.42, 95 % CI 1.02–1.96) in pilots. Low social support was associated with symptoms from the neck (OR 1.87, 95 % 1.35–2.58), shoulders (OR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.14–2.14) and low back (OR 1.63, 95 % CI 1.18–2.24). Low supervisor support was associated with neck (OR 1.67, 95 % CI 1.22–2.27), shoulders (OR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.02–1.87) and low back symptoms (OR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.09–2.01). The associations were mainly found among first officers.

Conclusions

Musculoskeletal symptoms in pilots can be affected by poor psychosocial work conditions such as high demands and low social support, especially for first officers. The psychosocial aspects of organisational changes in commercial airlines should be taken into consideration.     

Combined ergonomic exposures and development of musculoskeletal pain in the general working population: A prospective cohort study

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the importance of combined ergonomic exposures at work for the development of musculoskeletal pain.Methods:Through four rounds (2012–2018) of the Work Environment and Health in Denmark Study, 18 905 employees of the general working population replied to a baseline and 2-year follow-up questionnaire. First, a k-means cluster analysis of seven ergonomic factors (back bending, arm above shoulders, lifting etc., from ‘never’ to ‘almost all the time’) identified nine naturally occurring clusters. Second, using a weighted survey regression model controlling for age, gender, survey year, education, lifestyle, influence at work, and pain intensity at baseline, we estimated development of pain intensity (0–10) in the neck-shoulder and low-back in these clusters. The largest cluster served as reference to the other clusters and was characterized by low ergonomic exposures.Results:Clusters characterized by multiple combined ergonomic exposures for a relatively high percentage of the working time showed the largest increase in neck-shoulder as well as low-back pain intensity from baseline to follow-up. However, clusters characterized by high exposure to a few specific ergonomic factors also increased pain significantly, eg, standing/walking combined with lifting/carrying or twisted/bent back for the majority of the working time increased low-back pain, whereas repetitive arm movements for the majority of the working time with or without standing/walking increased neck-shoulder pain.Conclusion:Combined occupational ergonomic exposures play an important role in the development of musculoskeletal pain. Workplace preventive approaches should consider this in risk assessments and organization of the work.     

Risk factors for sick leave due to low back pain: a prospective study

The objectives of this prospective study were to identify predictive factors for sick leave of 8 days or more due to low back pain (LBSL) and to compare them with predictive factors for low back pain with no or shorter sick leave (LB) in a cohort of French workers. The predictive factors for LBSL were a past history of low back pain (odds ratio [OR], 7.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 13), a low employment grade (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.7 to 11), heavy smoking (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.3 to 13), a pain score different from zero (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.5 to 9.7), required bending backward or forward at work every day repetitively (OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 2.3 to 23), overall social integration (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.3), and low social support at work (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.3). Low social support at work and bending backward or forward at work were more strongly associated with LBSL than with LB (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). The implications of the results of this prospective study are that both the level of biomechanical exposure and the psychosocial work environment, especially social support, represents important dimensions to consider in the reduction of work absenteeism.     

Different risk factors for musculoskeletal complaints and musculoskeletal sickness absence

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether individual, work-related physical and psychosocial risk factors involved in the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints also determine musculoskeletal sickness absence. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on individual and work-related risk factors and the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints and musculoskeletal sickness absence among 373 employees of laundry-works and dry-cleaning establishments (response rate 87%). Logistic regression models were used to determine associations between risk factors and the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints and sickness absence due to these complaints. RESULTS: Both work-related physical and psychosocial factors showed strong associations with low-back pain and upper-extremity complaints. Work-related physical factors did not influence sickness absence, whereas psychosocial factors showed some associations with sickness absence. Sickness absence was associated with The Netherlands as the country of birth [odds ratio (OR) 0.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.2-0.6], and female workers had an episode of sickness absence due to low-back pain less often (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9), but more often due to upper-extremity complaints (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.14.5). CONCLUSIONS: Work-related physical and psychosocial factors largely determine the occurrence of low-back pain and upper-extremity complaints, whereas individual factors predominantly determine whether persons with these musculoskeletal complaints take sick leave.     

Risk factors and musculoskeletal complaints in non-specialized nurses,IC nurses,operation room nurses,and X-ray technologists

Objectives: To gain more insight into the prevalence rates of musculoskeletal complaints of neck-shoulder and low back and to determine the relation between physical and psychosocial work-related risk factors and the complaints mentioned in non-specialized nurses, operation room nurses, Intensive Care (IC) nurses and X-ray technologists. Methods: The study population consists of 3,169 employees affiliated to eight university hospitals in the Netherlands. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey design. The parameters under study were having or having had (severe) low back or neck-shoulder complaints during the past year. In logistic regression analyses odds ratio’s and CI 95% were estimated for all relevant risk factors for each of the four professional groups. Results: In all groups prevalence rates of musculoskeletal complaints were high: low back 76%, neck-shoulder 60%. Operation room nurses perceived more neck-shoulder complaints (12 months prevalence) than non-specialized nurses and IC nurses perceived less severe low back complaints than non-specialized nurses. Four physical risk factors and one psychosocial factor were associated with low back complaints in all groups. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that both low back complaints and neck-shoulder complaints are major health problems in the four professional groups under study. The prevalence rate of neck-shoulder complaints in operation room nurses is higher than in non-specialized nurses and IC nurses, the latter groups having high prevalence rates already. The exposure to risk factors is perceived differently by each of the professional groups. The professional groups under study all are target for preventive interventions; these interventions need to be specified for each of the professional groups.     

Risk factors associated with the reporting of musculoskeletal symptoms in workers at a laboratory of clinical pathology

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the participation of 120 workers at a laboratory of clinical pathology, with the objective of determining the association of demographic factors, clinical and occupational case histories, individual characteristics, work-related stress and ergonomic workplace analysis with the following outcomes: musculoskeletal symptoms and absences from work associated with these symptoms reported by a questionnaire. METHODS: Interviews were carried out in order to obtain demographic data, occupational case history and risk factors in workplaces. Data related to musculoskeletal symptoms and absences from work have been registered by means of an adaptation of the Nordic Questionnaire. The variables related to stress at work were based on the questionnaire of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Life and Work Conditions. According to the model prepared by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 120 workers' workstations have been submitted for ergonomic analysis of work. RESULTS: By means of multiple logistic regression, the results showed that the symptoms have been significantly associated with the previous history of rheumatic or orthopaedic disease (OR = 15.4; 95% CI, 1.7-135.7) and with movements and postures at work (OR = 13.5; 95% CI, 3.8-47.9). Absences from work due to musculoskeletal symptoms have been significantly associated with the low level of education (OR = 32.3; 95% CI, 4.9-211.8) and marital status (OR = 37.1; 95% CI, 2.3-593.9). CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms have been significantly associated with a previous history of rheumatic or orthopaedic disease and with inadaequate movements and postures at work. Absences from work due to musculoskeletal symptoms have been significantly associated with the workers' low level of education and marital status.     

Effort-reward imbalance and depression in Japanese medical residents

The effort-reward imbalance is an important psychosocial factor which is related to poor health among employees. However, there are few studies that have evaluated effort-reward imbalance among medical residents. The present study was done to determine the association between psychosocial factors at work as defined by the effort-reward imbalance model and depression among Japanese medical residents. We distributed a questionnaire to 227 medical residents at 16 teaching hospitals in Japan at the end of August 2005. We asked participants to answer questions which included demographic information, depressive symptoms, effort-reward imbalance, over-commitment and social support. Depression was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. The effort-reward imbalance and over-commitment were assessed by the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire which Siegrist developed. Social support was determined on a visual analog scale. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between effort-reward imbalance and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were found in 35 (29.2%) 1st-year residents and 21 (27.6%) 2nd-year residents. The effort-reward ratio >1 (OR, 8.83; 95% CI, 2.87-27.12) and low social support score (OR, 2.77, 95% CI, 1.36-5.64) were associated with depressive symptoms among medical residents. Effort-reward imbalance was independently related to depression among Japanese medical residents. The present study suggests that balancing between effort and reward at work is important for medical residents' mental health.     

Development of neck and hand-wrist symptoms in relation to duration of computer use at work

OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to identify risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and hand-wrist regions among employees using computers at work. METHODS: Computer users (N=5033) first received a questionnaire in the beginning of 1999 (69% response rate, N=3475), and a follow-up questionnaire was mailed in December of 2000 to the 3361 respondents to the baseline survey (77% response rate, N=2576). Health outcome was defined as musculoskeletal symptoms for >7 days within the last year of follow-up among the nonsymptomatic respondents at baseline. RESULTS: Men's and women's previous symptoms, women's low influence at work and high-placed computer screen, and men's short time in the same job and good computer skills were associated with neck symptoms. Hand-wrist symptoms were predicted by previous symptoms and low influence at work for both the men and women and sensorial demands for the women only. The duration of computer use predicted hand-wrist symptoms [eg, odds ratio (OR) of 2.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2-4.3, for almost continual computer use], but not neck symptoms. For those with almost continual computer use, hand-wrist symptoms were associated with mouse use for at least half of the worktime (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.0-15.5) and not using the mouse at all (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.1-14.4), as compared with mouse use for one-fourth of the worktime. CONCLUSIONS: Limiting computer use to less than three-fourths of the worktime would help to prevent hand-wrist symptoms. Furthermore, low influence at work predicts both neck and hand-wrist symptoms.     

Neck, shoulder, and hand and wrist pain among administrative employees: relation to work-time organization and psychosocial factors at work

OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze the associations between work-time organization, psychosocial factors at work, and musculoskeletal pain of the neck, shoulders, and wrists and hands among administrative employees. METHODS: We analyzed the pain felt in a population of 762 employees during the 7 days before the survey at any of the three sites studied (multiple logistic regression). RESULTS: We found no associations between work-time organization and neck or shoulder pain. Wrist and hand pain increased with irregular schedule (odds ratio "OR" = 2.01; 95% confidence interval "95% CI" = 1.19-3.41) and lack of advance (at least 8 days) notice of schedule (OR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.03-3.50). Of the psychosocial factors, only high psychological demand was associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of pain, in the neck and the shoulders (respectively: OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.23-2.82; OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.17-3.03). CONCLUSION: Prevention by improved psychosocial constraints at work must continue.     

中国医疗行业工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患发生模式及其影响因素分析

目的  调查中国医疗行业工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders, WMSDs)发生情况,探究不同岗位不良工效学职业危害因素及WMSDs发生模式。方法  通过《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷(修改版)》电子问卷系统对中国6 854名医疗行业从业人员进行横断面调查。根据美国国家职业安全卫生研究所(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH)判定WMSDs方法进行发生结果统计分析。应用潜类别分析(latent class analysis, LCA)对主要工种WMSDs多部位发生模式进行分析,利用logistic回归分析法确定不良工效学因素。结果  调查样本中,不计部位的总体WMSDs发生率为56.1%。其中,医生为54.15%、护士为58.66%、护工为51.04%、技师为54.05%、药师为48.48%。根据LCA分类结果,医生与护士WMSDs发生模式主要有颈肩型和躯干型;技师主要为颈肩型;药师为颈肩型;护工主要为颈肩型和轻微疼痛型。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,颈肩型医生发生危险主要来自手腕长期弯曲(OR=1.383, P=0.036),频繁坐位工作(OR=2.110, P=0.020),工作姿势经常不舒服(OR=2.023, P=0.001);躯干型医生发生危险主要有腿部姿势受限(OR=1.413, P=0.044),频繁不舒适工作姿势(OR=4.402, P＜0.001);颈肩型护士发生危险主要来自颈部大幅度前倾(OR=2.218, P=0.024),长时间频繁坐位工作(OR=1.533, P=0.006);躯干型护士发生危险有长时间频繁坐位工作(OR=1.883, P < 0.001),频繁不舒适工作姿势(OR=2.137, P < 0.001)。结论  中国医疗行业WMSDs发生率同世界主流国家地区相比处于中等水平。但行业总体不良工效学危害水平较高,不良作业姿势普遍存在。其中颈部、肩部、上背部、下背部的工效学负荷水平较高,主要与颈部工作中长时间保持不变、长时间低头、颈部大幅度前倾、手腕长期弯曲、长时间保持转身、腿部空间受限、长时间坐姿、作业姿势不舒服等职业因素有关。应通过加强宣教培训、增加辅助助力设施、改善工作组织模式等方式,降低肌肉骨骼损伤危险。     

Workstyle and upper-extremity symptoms: a biobehavioral perspective

OBJECTIVES: Workstyle has been proposed to help explain the link between ergonomic and psychosocial factors in work-related upper-extremity symptoms/disorders. This study investigated ergonomic factors, work demands, job stress, and workstyle on pain and functional limitations in computer users. METHODS: One hundred sixty-nine participants completed self-report ratings of job stress, ergonomic exposures, and workstyle at baseline. Three months, later ratings of pain and functional limitations were obtained. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression indicated that ergonomic exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-5.5), time spent at a computer (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.95-3.6), and higher scores on a workstyle measure (2.4, 95% CI = 1.1-5.3) were independently associated with case status. Path analyses revealed that a model that included ergonomic exposure, work demands, and workstyle predicted pain and functional limitations at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Workstyle contributes to case definition and is predictive of future pain and functional limitations in office workers with upper extremity symptoms.     

寿光市大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患患病情况及其影响因素研究

目的 了解寿光市大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的患病情况,分析肌肉骨骼疾患相关影响因素。方法 选择山东省寿光市五个蔬菜大棚种植区15个村庄至少从事一年劳动的蔬菜大棚劳动者进行面对面调查,分析膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的发生和影响因素。结果 共纳入研究对象1 780人,大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的患病率为41.9%。单因素Logistic回归分析发现共48个因素与大棚劳动者膝关节疾病的发生有关;多因素Logistic回归分析提示,女性（OR=1.795,95% CI：1.433~2.249）、年龄≥50岁（OR=1.635,95% CI：1.271~2.105）、BMI≥24 kg/m²（OR=1.445,95% CI：1.151~1.814）、种植年数≥20年（OR=1.767,95% CI：1.368~2.282）、长时间跪着工作（OR=1.616,95% CI：1.207~2.165）、长时间走动工作（OR=1.967,95% CI：1.290~3.000）、以不舒服的姿势搬举重物 （OR=1.421,95% CI：1.116~1.809）、稍微弯腰（OR=2.084,95% CI：1.427~3.045）、大幅度转身（OR=1.291,95% CI：1.002~1.663）、头部重复弯曲扭转（OR=1.565,95% CI：1.187~2.063）、常被迫弯腰（OR=1.245,95% CI：0.979~1.584）会增加膝关节疾病发生的风险。结论 大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的患病率较高,亟待采取合理的预防和控制措施来减少大棚劳动者膝关节肌肉骨骼疾患的发生。     

Gender differences in the relations between work-related physical and psychosocial risk factors and musculoskeletal complaints

Gender differences in the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints might be explained by differences in the effect of exposure to work-related physical and psychosocial risk factors. A systematic review was conducted to examine gender differences in the relations between these risk factors and musculoskeletal complaints. Several electronic databases were searched. The strength of the evidence was determined on the basis of the methodological quality and consistency of the study results. For lifting, strong evidence was found that men have a higher risk of back complaints than women. The same was found for the relation between hand-arm vibration and neck-shoulder complaints. For arm posture, strong evidence was found that women have a higher risk of neck-shoulder complaints than men. For social support, no evidence of a gender difference was found for either neck-shoulder or back complaints. For hand-wrist and lower-extremity complaints, inconclusive evidence was found due to a lack of high-quality studies.     

Association of occupational stress and social support with health-related behaviors among chinese offshore oil workers

To explore the relationship of occupational stress and social support with health-related behaviors of smoking, alcohol usage and physical inactivity, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 561 offshore oil installation workers of a Chinese state-owned oil company. They were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics, occupational stress, social support and health-related behaviors. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between occupational stress, social support and health-related behaviors and adjusted for age, educational level, marital status, duration of offshore work and job title. Of 561 workers, 218 (38.9%) were current smokers, 124 (22.1%) current drinkers, and 354 (63.1%) physically inactive in their leisure time. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that: (1) Current smoking was significantly negatively related with perceived stress from "Safety" (OR=0.74; 95% CI=0.58-0.94) and lack of supervisors' instrumental support (OR=0.34; 95% CI=0.18-0.65); (2) Current drinking was significantly positively related to perceived stress from "Interface between job and family/social life" (OR=1.32; 95% CI=1.02-1.70) and "Organizational structure" (OR=1.35; 95% CI=1.06-1.74), but was significantly negatively related to poor emotional support from friends (OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.62-0.96); (3) Physical inactivity after work was significantly positively associated with perceived stress from "Safety" (OR=1.44; 95% CI=1.16-1.79) and lack of instrumental support from both supervisors (OR=1.74; 95% CI=1.16-2.65) and friends (OR=1.68; 95% CI=1.06-2.42). The findings suggest that psychosocial factors of occupational stress and social support at offshore oil work might affect workers' health-related behaviors in different ways.