郑州市1999～2003年职业病年报分析

为全面了解职业病的发病情况，保护劳动者身体健康。对郑州市1999～2003年职业病报表进行统计分析。结果发现工人受检率为1．9％～3．2％，职业病检出率为4．5％～14．3％之间。可见作业工人受检率较低，职业病的检出率基本呈逐年上升趋势。     

职业病报告漏报原因分析及对策

职业病报告(以下简称职报)工作要求报告及时、全面、准确、规范,文章从急性职业中毒和农药中毒,尘肺病和慢性职业中毒,有害作业场所监测和有害作业工人健康监护报告卡的报告途径分析了漏报原因,并从领导重视和大力宣传法律法规,建立、健全报告网络,加强培训及稳定队伍,强化卫生监督检查4个方面阐述了控制和减少漏报的措施,以确保职业病报告工作的质量,为职业病防治工作提供真实可靠的信息.     

四川省职业病报告漏报调查结果及分析

目的了解四川省职业病危害现状,掌握职业病报告漏报情况,控制报告数据质量。方法从各级各类医疗机构中随机抽取1～2家,其他网络直报单位全部进行调查,对被调查单位的网络开通情况和职业病网络直报漏报情况进行调查。结果医疗机构的网络开通率很低,各种报告卡的漏报情况差别较大,急性职业中毒/农药中毒、有害作业工人健康监护漏报率较高,地区的漏报情况差异也较大。结论职业病漏报现象严重,本文对漏报现象进行了分析并提出减少漏报的控制对策。     

Occupational lead poisoning in Ohio: surveillance using workers' compensation data.

To determine the utility of workers' compensation (WC) data in a system for the surveillance of occupational lead poisoning, we reviewed workers' compensation claims for lead poisoning in Ohio. For the period 1979 through 1983, 92 (81 per cent) of the 114 claims attributed to lead met our case definition of lead poisoning. The likelihood that a company had a case of lead poisoning was strongly correlated with the number of claims against the company. Thirty companies accounted for the 92 cases; two companies accounted for 49 per cent of these. Inspection by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) occurred at 14 of these companies, all of which were cited for violations of the OSHA lead standard. Comparison of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes for the 14 companies inspected by OSHA with the 15 companies not inspected by OSHA revealed that OSHA inspected battery manufacturers, non-ferrous foundries, secondary smelters, and primary lead smelters, but not bridge painters, manufacturers of electronic components, mechanical power transmission equipment, pumps, and paints, nor a sheriff's office where firing range slugs were remelted to make new bullets. Neither the number of cases of lead poisoning at a company nor the size of a company was related to the likelihood of being inspected by OSHA. Claims for WC appear to be a useful adjunct to an occupational lead poisoning surveillance system; their usefulness should be compared to that of other systems such as laboratory reports of elevated blood lead levels in adults.     

职业病网络报告存在的问题及对策

[目的]阐述职业病网络直报工作中存在的问题,并提出对策。[方法]以杭州市职业病危害因素监测信息责任报告单位及其报告数据为对象,对其2007-2009年职业病网络直报系统的报告卡填报与审核情况、网络直报质量调查评估工作等的完整性、准确性与及时性进行分析。[结果]2007-2009年杭州市共计报告、审核5种报告卡8866张。其中,职业病报告卡的报告质量最好,其余4种报告卡均存在填报不完整、报告不准确和迟报现象;同时,职业病网络直报系统软件设置与管理工作也存在一些亟待解决的问题。[结论]职业病网络直报系统必须进一步完善软件设置,同时应切实提高管理水平,以有效提高报告的准确性和工作效率。     

Occupational Diseases of Teeth

Occupational diseases of the teeth have, in general, receivedscant attention. The chief cause of this is lack of awarenessamong occupational physicians. Exposure to various chemicalsubstances is one of the causes of occupation-related dentaldisorders. Physical and biological factors also contribute.The combination of these factors plus poor dental hygiene aggravatesthe condition. The present article aims to focus the attentionof occupational physicians towards this important problem. Requests for reprints should be addressed to: Dr B. N. Gupta, Epidemiology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow-226001, India     

Occupational Noise Exposures Among Three Farm Families in Northwest Ohio

ABSTRACT

A pilot project was conducted to evaluate occupational noise exposures of three families living and working on farms in Northwest Ohio. Noise exposures were measured continuously for 7 consecutive days for each participant for 1 week each during planting, growing, and harvesting seasons. The dosimeters were programmed to evaluate noise exposures using both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) action level and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)/American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) guidelines. One family was evaluated per year and a total of nine family members (six adults and three children) participated. Adult noise exposures for on-farm activities (occupational exposures) ranged from 46.1 to 89.6 decibels on the A-weighted scale (dBA) as an 8-hour time-weighted average (8HR TWA) using the OSHA action level and from 62.6 to 92.1 dBA 8HR TWA using the NIOSH/ACGIH guidelines. Occupational noise exposures for the children ranged from 15.4 to 81.2 dBA 8HR TWA using the OSHA action level and from 42.4 to 85.5 dBA 8HR TWA using the NIOSH/ACGIH guidelines. Six of 45 exposures among the adults and none of the 11 exposures among the children exceeded the OSHA action level. In addition, 10 of 45 exposures among the adults and 1 of 11 exposures among the children exceeded the NIOSH/ACGIH guidelines. The results of this pilot project indicate noise exposures among farm families can exceed recommended levels.