汉防己甲素现代药理作用研究进展

汉防己,又称粉防己,能够祛风止痛,利水消肿,是一种治疗风湿痹痛的传统中药。生物碱在粉防己中具有重要的药效物质基础,汉防己甲素属于其中的双苄基异喹啉类生物碱成分,生物活性多样,可以从多个方面实现抗肿瘤的作用,临床上也验证了其对多种炎症因子的抑制作用,对肝纤维化、肾纤维化等多种纤维化类疾病也有较好的防治作用,并且在与多种药物联合用药时,能够体现出良好的协同作用。近年来,经过国内外学者不断深入的研究,还发现汉防己甲素对神经系统以及缺血再灌注损伤也有一定的保护作用,同时,作为一种钙离子拮抗剂,汉防己甲素能够有效阻断细胞内外钙离子的沉积。综上所述,汉防己甲素在临床上的应用前景十分广泛,该文通过对上述及其他已经报道的汉防己甲素的药理作用进行了归纳,总结其各个药理作用实现的可能机制,综述其目前的研究进展,希望能够较为全面地揭示出汉防己甲素可能的应用方向,为其能够更好地在临床上应用提供启示和思路。     

文献摘要

关于汉防己甲素治疗阿米巴痢疾尚無病例报告。本文报告汉防己甲素在試管中及动物試驗均發現有抗阿米巴的作用;临床治疗观察更証明其对急性或慢性     

国内近期期刊摘要

<正> 关于汉防己甲素治疗阿米巴痢疾尚無病例报告。本文报告汉防己甲素在試管中及动物試驗均發現有抗阿米巴的作用;临床治疗观察更証明其对急性或慢性     

中药肌肉松弛剂“汉肌松”的药物化学及提制工艺的研究

汉防己的主要成分为汉防己甲素(汉防己碱 Tetrandrine)和汉防己乙素(Demethyl-tetrandrine),均为双叔胺型生物碱。根据一般季铵化合物常有神经肌接头阻滞作用的特点,以及汉防己乙素在碱性条件下与碘甲烷进行甲基化反应后能转化为汉防己甲素的文献资料,我们从汉防己中提取总生物碱,然后与碘甲烷在碱性条件下进行季铵化反应(其中汉     

汉防己甲素大鼠在体肠吸收机制研究

目的研究汉防己甲素在大鼠在体肠吸收机制。方法采用大鼠在体肠段灌流实验，利用紫外分光光度法和HPLC法分别测定酚红和汉防己甲素的量，分别研究药物质量浓度和吸收部位对汉防己甲素吸收的影响。结果在5．4～21．8μg／mL药物质量浓度对小肠吸收速率常数（Ka）无影响；各肠段的Ka回肠〉空肠〉结肠〉十二指肠，分别为0．1686、0．1260、0．1254、0．1109h^-1。结论汉防己甲素的吸收符合一级动力学特征，吸收机制为被动扩散；汉防己甲素在各肠段均有较好的吸收。     

汉防己甲素对人体肝癌细胞株(BEL-7402、BEL-7405、SMMC-7721)抑制作用的实验研究

汉防已是一种常用的中药材,我国在1935年已分离出它的主要成分——汉防己甲素,并发现它有广泛的药理作用,因此受到国内外的广泛重视,美国Kupchan S.M.报导汉防己甲素对WK256有明显的抑制作用,苏联Wermel用1:4000的汉防己甲素观察到能100%杀死癌细胞.据国内的一些临床资料报导,汉防己甲素合并小剂量放射治疗肺癌有一定疗效.为进一步了解其对人体肝癌是否有效,我们进行了汉防己甲素对体外培养的人体肝癌细胞株BEL-7402、BEL-7405、SMMC-7721抑制作用的实验研究,现将实验结果报告如下.     

脂质体包裹对汉防己甲素细胞毒性影响的实验研究

观察了汉防己甲素在脂质体包裹前后的细胞毒性改变。结果显示，在４０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度时，汉防己甲素包裹前后对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞的酵母吸附功能、胞浆游离Ｋ＾＋和Ｃａ＾２＋含量和细胞骨架调控能力的影响有明显的不同。提示脂质体包裹可减轻汉己甲素的细胞毒性。为开发该药的新剂型作了有益的尝试。     

汉防己甲素逆转肺癌化疗耐药和凋亡抗性的实验研究

目的：研究中药汉防己提取的生物碱汉防己甲素逆转肺癌化疗耐药产生与凋亡发生的机理。方法：实验分对照组（只加培养基）和阿霉素组（ADR组）、汉防己甲素合阿霉素组（Tet／ADR组），后2组采用不同浓度汉防己甲素和阿霉素作用于人肺癌敏感株GLC-82和阿霉素耐药株GLC-82／ADR细胞，通过MTT法检测抗肿瘤药物的细胞毒作用，流武细胞仪检测多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）表达，碘化丙啶（PI）染色检测细胞凋亡。结果：GLC-82／ADR耐药肺癌细胞株耐药指数（RF）为5．43，说明耐药株肺癌细胞对阿霉素明显耐药；汉防己甲素作用耐药肺癌细胞后其RF降至1．89，说明汉防己甲素可毗逆转GLC-82／ADR耐药肺癌细胞对阿霉素的耐药。化疗耐药肺癌细胞MRP蛋白表达在12h、24h、36h、48h，ADR组与Tet／ADR组比较，差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01），说明汉防己甲素可以下调化疗耐药肺癌细胞MRP蛋白表达。化疗耐药肺癌细胞凋亡在6h、12h、18h、24h，Tet／ADR组与ADR组、对照组比较，差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01），说明汉防己甲素协同阿霉素增强对化疗耐药肺癌细胞凋亡作用。结论：汉防己甲素可以逆转GLC-82／ADR耐药肺癌细胞对阿霉素的耐药，下调化疗耐药肺癌细胞MRP蛋白表达，协同阿霉素增强对化疗耐药肺癌细胞凋亡作用。     

汉防己甲素在眼科的基础研究进展

综述了近年来汉防己甲素在眼部炎症、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、视网膜母细胞瘤等眼病的基础研究进展。     

汉防己甲素对环孢素A致小鼠肝肾损伤的作用

汉防己甲素对环孢素A致小鼠肝肾损伤的作用孙成春郝俊文尹秋霞王景祥(济南军区总医院济南250031)环孢素A(CsA)是目前临床广泛使用的高效免疫抑剂,其主要不良反应为肝肾毒性。汉防己甲素(Tet)是从防己科植物汉防己StephaniatetrandraS.More中提取的生物碱有钙拮抗及清除自由基等作用。本文探讨Tet对CsA所致小鼠肝肾毒性的保护作用。1材料与方法1.1试剂CsA口服液(赛斯平),杭州中美华东制药厂;汉防己甲素,江西彭泽制药厂;CsA单克隆....     

粉防己碱对人结肠癌细胞增殖的影响

目的 :观察粉防己碱对人结肠癌细胞 H T2 9增殖的影响 ,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法 :采用流式细胞仪分析细胞周期变化 ,并测定细胞内游离钙离子浓度水平 ;MTT比色法测定细胞增殖情况。结果 :2～ 10 μg/m L 的粉防己碱 (Tet)能明显抑制 HT2 9细胞的增殖 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,其半数抑制浓度 (IC5 0 )约为 8μg/m L。 8μg/m L 的 Tet可以使细胞内游离钙离子浓度 (〔Ca2 +〕i)水平明显降低 (P<0 .0 1)。不同浓度的 Tet可使 HT2 9细胞 C1 期或 G2 + M期明显增加 ,S期细胞明显减少 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :粉防己碱通过抑制钙离子信号传递途径 ,使细胞周期进行受阻 ,可能是其抑制 HT2 9细胞增殖的一个主要机制。     

粉防己碱联合奈达铂抗人肝癌7402细胞作用的实验研究

目的:探讨粉防己碱与奈达铂联合应用对人肝癌细胞株7402的影响及其作用机制。方法:经不同浓度的粉防己碱和(或)奈达铂处理7402细胞后,采用MTT法测定细胞的增殖抑制效应;AO/EB荧光染色、流式细胞术观察细胞凋亡及细胞周期变化;免疫组织化学法观察凋亡相关基因表达的变化。结果:与粉防己碱或奈达铂单药作用相比,粉防己碱与奈达铂联合应用可显著增强人肝癌细胞增殖抑制作用和诱导肝癌细胞凋亡作用,联合用药后细胞周期分布发生改变,S期和G2/M期细胞比例下降,G0/G1期细胞比例上升,癌细胞Bc l-2基因表达明显下降,BAX表达显著增强。结论:粉防己碱与奈达铂联合应用具有显著协同抗肝癌作用,其机制可能与增强诱导肝癌细胞凋亡、细胞周期调控以及凋亡相关基因表达的调控有关。     

汉防己甲素对大肠杆菌脂多糖致急性肺损伤大鼠肺微血管通透性的影响

目的探讨汉防己甲素（Tet）对大肠杆菌脂多糖（LPS）所致急性肺损伤（ALI）大鼠肺微血管通透性的影响。方法将健康雄性Wistar大鼠32只,随机分为4组：即正常组、模型组、Tet预防组和Tet治疗组,除正常组外,其他3组采用大肠杆菌LPS静脉注射造成急性肺损伤模型,Tet预防组和Tet治疗组分别于注射LPS前后30min内缓慢静脉注射Tet注射液（20mg／kg）,正常组给予等量生理盐水。于初始（0）、0．5、2、4、6h5个时间点采集动脉血测定Pa02和PaC02,实验结束时测定肺湿重／千重比值（W／D）、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中性粒细胞百分比;ELISA法测定外周血及BALF中炎症介质TNF-a浓度,采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定肺下叶匀浆丙二醛（MDA）含量,取肺上叶行组织病理学检查及肺损伤评分。结果Tet预防组0．5、246h,Tet治疗组2、4、6hPa02高于模型组（P〈0．05）;两Tet组肺泡灌洗液中TNF一121、MDA含量、W／D比值、肺损伤评分和BALF中性粒细胞百分比均低于模型组（P〈0．05）。光镜检查显示两Tet组肺脏病理改变较模型组均有所改善。结论Tet对内毒素所致急性肺损伤大鼠有保护作用。     

Impact of Tetrahydropalmatine on the Pharmacokinetics of Probe Drugs for CYP1A2, 2D6 and 3A Isoenzymes in Beagle Dogs

Tetrahydropalmatine (Tet) exhibit multiple pharmacological activities and is used frequently by clinical practitioners. In this study, we evaluate the in vivo effects of single and repeated oral Tet administrations on CYP1A2, 2D6 and 3A activities in six beagle dogs in a randomized, controlled, open‐label, crossover study. A cocktail approach, with dosages of the probe drugs caffeine (3.0 mg/kg), metoprolol (2.33 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.45 mg/kg), was used to measure cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic activities. The cocktail was administered orally as a single dose (12 mg/kg) 1 day prior to and 4 days after repeated oral Tet administrations (12 mg/kg three times daily). The probe drugs and their metabolites in plasma were quantified simultaneously by a validated HPLC technique, and non‐compartmental parameters were used to evaluate metabolic variables for assessment of CYP inhibition or induction. Tet had no or minor impact on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the probe drugs caffeine and metoprolol, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 substrates, respectively. However, Tet increased AUC_{0–24 h} and decreased AUC_{ratio(0–24 h)} (1‐hydroxymidazolam/midazolam ratio) for midazolam statistically significant, both in single or multiple dosing of Tet, with up to 39 or 57% increase for AUC_{0–24 h} and 29% or 22 decrease for AUC_{ratio(0–24 h),} respectively, in line with previous in vitro findings for its CYP3A4 inhibition. The extensive use of Tet and herbal medicines containing Tet makes Tet a candidate for further evaluation of CYP3A‐mediated herb–drug interactions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

粉防己碱与可乐定对小鼠和大鼠吗啡躯体依赖的影响

目的:观察粉防己碱(Tet)与可乐定对吗啡依赖小鼠和大鼠催促戒断症状的影响。方法:采用剂量递增方式皮下注射酸吗啡,建立吗啡依赖小鼠和大鼠模型,用纳洛酮催瘾。结果:Tet 15,30或60 mg/kg,可明显抑制小鼠催促戒断后的体重下降及一些戒断体征,大鼠给予 Tet 15,30或60 mg/kg 预处理,可抑制1 h 体重下降,明显改善戒断时的行为表现,戒断症状评分随剂量增加而下降。Tet 15 mg/kg 与可乐定0.075 mg/kg 联用,对吗啡依赖小鼠和大鼠催促戒断症状有明显对抗作用。但以上处理对小鼠和大鼠的跳跃反应均无影响。结论:Tet 可缓解吗啡依赖小鼠和大鼠的戒断症状,小剂量 Tet 与可乐定联用可能是一种较好的用药方案。     

粉防己碱对猪冠状动脉平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道的作用

目的:研究粉防己碱(Tet)对猪冠状动脉平滑肌细胞(SMC)钙激活钾通道(K_(Ca))的作用。方法:用膜片钳单通道技术确定通道的变化。结果:Tet 浓度依赖性地可逆性阻断 SMC 上的 K_(Ca)。细胞膜内侧面加入 Tet 20、30×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)可分别使通道开放概率降低(58.2±20.3)%、(64.6±16.6)%,平均开放时间从(2.3±0.7)ms 减少到(2.0±0.8)ms 和(1.6±0.6)ms,平均关闭时间从(68.1±39.3)ms 减少到(64.0±62.4)ms 和(37.0±16.6)ms。随 Tet 浓度的增加,通道活动逐步完全抑制。结论:Tet 是一种天然有效的SMC 上 K_(Ca)抑制剂。     

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Bromotetrandrine and Tetrandrine in K562 Cell Line Using 18O-labeling Method

Objective To compare quantitative proteomic analysis of bromotetrandrine (W198) which was a Class I new antitumor drug in China and tetrandrine (Tet) in K562 cell line using 18O-labeling method. Methods To illustrate its mechanism, a shotgun quantitative proteomic strategy employing 2D LC-MS-MS and trypsin catalyzed 18O-labeling quantification was carried out in this study. Compared to normal chronic leukemia cell line K562 and K562 induced by Tet, the proteomic changes of K562 induced by W198 were investigated. In order to validate the quantitation by the 18O-labeling, the analysis was done on an equivalent sample composed of the same amount of labeled and unlabeled proteins from normally cultured cells to act as a reference to the comparative sample. Results A threshold of ± 2-fold change for deciding whether a protein concentration was changed was settled for the following experiments. Comparing the 105 identified soluble proteins' expression levels of the apoptosis starting up K562 cells after W198 induction with the normally cultured cells, 16 proteins were found with significantly altered expression levels after W198 treatment. Eight proteins were up-expressed including HMGB2, peroxiredoxin-2, and eIF4A-I, etc. Eight proteins were down-expressed including TCP-1, GRP94, GST-π, and SFGHs, etc. Compared to K562 induced by Tet, eight proteins of K562 were found with significantly altered expression levels after W198 treatment. Five proteins were up-expressed including HSP 90-β and 40S ribosomal protein S15a, etc. Three proteins were down-expressed including phosphoglycerate kinase 1, isoform 5 of interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3, etc. Conclusion The 18O-labeling MS-MS-based method is ideal as a discovery tool, but it is not suitable for validation using a large number of samples. Other more effective methods, such as Western blotting should be used for further validation of candidate cancer proteins discovered from 18O-labeling samples. In total, 105 soluble proteins were discovered, and 16 proteins were found with significantly altered expression levels after W198 treatment. These repressed or activated proteins are the potential drug targets of W198, which may provide novel targets for future development of biomarkers for cancer therapy.     

Nitrogen-containing compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza

Five new N-containing compounds, neosalvianen (1), salvianen (2), salvianan (3), salviadione (4), and 5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (5), were isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Their structures were mainly established by spectroscopic methods. Neosalvianen (1) and its analogues (6a, 6b) were synthesized for spectroscopic data comparison. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 6a were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against selected cancer cell lines. Among these components, salvianen (2) exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity with a CD50 range of 30.4-39.5 microM against HeLa (cervical epitheloid carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and OVCAR-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma) cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicities of the tested compounds were not specific and showed similar activities to the selected cancer cell lines.     

溴化双十二烷基二甲基铵修饰的载汉防己甲素聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米粒制备及体外评价

目的 制备溴化双十二烷基二甲基铵(DMAB)修饰的载汉防己甲素(Tet)的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米粒(DMAB-Tet-PLGA-NPs),考察其制备的影响因素,优化制备工艺,并对其理化性质、细胞毒性及细胞摄取进行研究。方法 采用乳化分散溶剂挥发法制备DMAB-Tet-PLGA-NPs,运用均匀设计试验优化制备工艺,通过包封率、载药量、累积释药量等指标考察其载药特性;采用MTT比色法考察DMAB-Tet-PLGA-NPs对人肺腺癌细胞株A549的细胞毒性;采用定量定性法评价DMAB-Tet-PLGA-NPs细胞摄取率。结果 制备的DMAB-Tet-PLGA-NPs平均粒径为(205.40±2.66)nm,表面带正电,呈规则的球形及椭圆形。药物包封率和载药量分别为(50.780±3.253)%和(2.130±0.035)%。体外释放实验显示DMAB-Tet-PLGA-NPs缓慢释药,48 h累积释药量64.56%。MTT实验表明DMAB-Tet-PLGA-NPs细胞毒性呈剂量及时间依赖性。定性定量细胞摄取实验证实DMAB-Tet-PLGA-NPs能较好地被细胞摄取。结论 DMAB-Tet-PLGA-NPs粒径大小均一,包封率高,体外释药表现出较好的缓释效果,易被细胞摄取,对A549细胞的活性有明显的抑制作用。