Women's Breast Cancer Risk Perception and Attitudes Toward Screening Tests

This study's objective is to identify women's breast cancer risk perceptions and their attitudes and knowledge on screening tests. The cross-sectional research. Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. The population of 188 females who applied for gynecological examination. The study employed a semistructured questionnaire form. Questions such as female's demographic data, attitudes based on screening tests of breast cancer, family history, perceived risk breast cancer, and questions with regard to patients’ fear of breast cancer were included in the survey. In this study, it is determined that the rates of the women, who conduct breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography at least once, are very low. The reason for not performing the BSE was declared with a rate of 50.8% as “Do not know how to perform.” Of the women 20.2% were fully acknowledged about BSE. Nearly half of the women perceived 50% or more risk of developing breast cancer, and this rate increases as they get older. The risk perception and educational status increased CBE and mammography rates and BSE knowledge positively, but because of insufficient BSE application abilities BSE rate cannot increase as expected. It is recommended that nurses put forward the initiatives in training programs to increase women's BSE abilities. In planning such an education program risk perception and information of women about breast cancer should be considered.     

Short report: Limited effectiveness of screening mammography in addition to clinical breast examination by trained nurse midwives in rural Jakarta,Indonesia

Low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are undergoing an increase in incidence of breast cancer, but have inadequate resources to implement mammographic screening. Clinical breast examination (CBE) has been suggested as an alternative to mammography in these settings. We compared the results of CBE screening by 47 midwives and 15 trained lay health workers to results of independently performed mammographic screening in an unscreened population of 1,179 women in Jakarta, Indonesia. Two hundred and eight‐nine (24.5%) of the screened women had a suspicious finding on CBE and/or mammography. Sixty‐nine (23.9%) of these women had both an abnormal CBE and mammogram; 98 (33.9%) had an abnormal CBE, but a normal mammogram; and 122 (42.2%) had a normal CBE and an abnormal mammogram. Fourteen breast cancers were diagnosed. Of these, 13 were identified by both mammogram and CBE. One breast cancer was identified from an abnormal mammogram, but had a normal CBE. One hundred and sixty‐seven (14.2%) of the CBEs required additional work‐up to diagnose 13 of the 14 cancers detected by mammography. In comparison, 191 (16.2%) of mammograms required additional work‐up to diagnose the 14 cancers. Unfortunately, only 42.8% of the women diagnosed with cancer returned for treatment. In an unscreened population in LMICs such as Indonesia, CBE is nearly as effective as mammography in detecting prevalent breast cancers. However identifying and overcoming barriers to appropriate treatment of women who are identified as having breast cancer are essential to the success of any screening program.     

Predictors of Adherence to Clinical Breast Examination andMammography Screening among Malaysian Women

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women and early detection can play an importantrole in reducing cancer morbidity and mortality. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine therates and factors related to clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography among 425 female teachersin Selangor, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire that included questions on socio-demography,cancer-related knowledge practice and an adapted version of Champion’s revised Health Belief Model Scalewas employed. The mean age of participants was 37.2±7.16 years. Only 25% of the women ever had a CBE.Of women over the age 40 (n=138), 13.6% reported having had a mammography. The results showed highersusceptibility to breast cancer, higher benefits of doing CBE and regular visits with a physician to be significantpredictors for undergoing CBE (p<0.05). In addition, higher a perceived susceptibility to breast cancer andregular undergoing CBE were significant predictors for having a mammography. The findings clearly suggest aneed for improving women’s awareness on breast cancer screening, its importance and recommended guidelines.     

Evaluation of an Interventional Health Education Project: Screening of Breast Cancer and Health Education (SHE)

There is an increasing incidence of breast cancer in India, especially among younger women. The study’s main objective was to create awareness related to breast cancer and breast self-examination by community health workers and assess the effectiveness of improving knowledge and practice. Secondary objective was to conduct clinical breast examination (CBE) of women and prompt referral. Methods: An outcome evaluation of the Educational Interventional project was conducted in a hilly district of Uttarakhand. Twenty Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) were identified and trained in breast cancer awareness, the procedure of breast self-examination, and screening methods. These ASHA’s further created awareness among study participants (women above 30 years). A structured questionnaire on knowledge and practice was administered before and after educational intervention by ASHA workers. Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) camps were held for women at high risk for breast cancer who were referred to the Division of Breast Surgery, AIIMS Rishikesh, for further management. Result: One thousand sixty-one females participated in health education sessions by ASHAs. There was an improvement in knowledge and practice regarding Breast Self-examination after health education intervention. A low prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer was found among attendees of the CBE camp. 3.2% of participants had abnormalities on breast examination needing further workup. Conclusion: In the pre-test assessment, we found a low awareness and practice regarding breast cancer which increased significantly among women after behavioral change intervention. The prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer was very low. Trained community health workers were found to be effective in raising awareness, selective screening, and prompt referral.     

Transfer of clinical breast examination skills to female community health volunteers in Nepal

Objective: To observe skill transfer for detection of clinical abnormalities in the breast by determining kappa agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of clinical breast examination by female community health workers (FCHVs) considering surgeon findings as the gold standard.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dharan Municipality, Eastern Nepal for period of one year from June 2008 to May 2009. A total of 1,238 women were examined by both a FCHV and the surgeon. Result: The interobserver kappa agreement for the detection of clinical abnormalities in breast was 67% indicating a good agreement. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of “FCHVs’ clinical breast examination” to detect clinical abnormalities in breast in comparison to the surgeon’s were 70%, 95%, 74% and 94% respectively. Conclusion: In view of good clinical breast examination skill transfer to FCHVs for detection of clinical abnormalities in breast, we conclude effective training of FCHVs may be a feasble approach for diagnosis of breast abnormalities in rural Nepal.     

Breast cancer prevention and control programs in Malaysia

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Malaysian females. The National Cancer Registry in 2003 and 2006 reported that the age standardized incidence of breast cancer was 46.2 and 39.3 per 100,000 populations, respectively. With the cumulative risk at 5.0; a woman in Malaysia had a 1 in 20 chance of developing breast cancer in her lifetime. The incidence of cancer in general, and for breast cancer specifically was highest in the Chinese, followed by Indians and Malays. Most of the patients with breast cancers presented at late stages (stage I: 15.45%, stage II: 46.9%, stage III: 22.2% and stage IV: 15.5%). The Healthy Lifestyles Campaign which started in the early nineties had created awareness on breast cancer and after a decade the effort was enhanced with the Breast Health Awareness program to promote breast self examination (BSE) to all women, to perform annual clinical breast examination (CBE) on women above 40 and mammogram on women above 50. The National Health Morbidity Survey in 2006 showed that the prevalence rate of 70.35% by any of three methods of breast screening; 57.1% by BSE, 51.8% by CBE and 7.6% by mammogram. The current screening policy for breast cancer focuses on CBE whereby all women at the age of 20 years and above must undergo breast examination by trained health care providers every 3 years for age between 20-39 years, and annually for age 40 and above. Several breast cancer preventive programs had been developed by various ministries in Malaysia; among which are the RM50 subsidy for mammogram by the Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development and the SIPPS program (a call-recall system for women to do PAP smear and CBE) by the Ministry of Health. Measures to increase uptake of breast cancer screening and factors as to why women with breast cancer present late should be studied to assist in more development of policy on the prevention of breast cancer in Malaysia.     

Screening clinical breast examination: how often does it miss lethal breast cancer?

BACKGROUND: Although most American women regularly receive screening clinical breast examination (CBE), little is known about CBE accuracy in community practice. We sought to estimate the rate of cancer detection (sensitivity) of screening CBE performed by community-based clinicians on women who ultimately died of breast cancer, as well as to identify factors associated with accurate detection. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We evaluated CBE accuracy among asymptomatic female health plan enrollees in five states (WA, OR, CA, MA, and MN) who received a CBE within 1 year of breast cancer diagnosis and who died of breast cancer within 15 years of diagnosis (N = 485). Sensitivity was estimated as the proportion whose exam was abnormal. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses identified patient characteristics associated with cancer detection. RESULTS: An abnormality was noted on screening CBE in one of five women who ultimately succumbed to breast cancer (sensitivity = 21.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 18.1% to 25.6%). The odds of a true-positive screening CBE (sensitivity) were decreased among women using estrogen (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.80), receiving a Pap smear during the same visit as CBE (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.72), and with increasing chronic disease comorbidity (P(trend) = .08). CONCLUSION: Screening CBE as performed in the community may be insufficiently sensitive to detect most lethal breast cancers. Low sensitivity of screening CBE in community practice may be partly attributable to its performance alongside time-consuming clinical tasks such as Pap smear screening or chronic illness care.     

Breast Cancer Screening Disparity among Korean American Immigrant Women in Midwest

Purpose: Using three breast cancer screening methods such as mammogram, Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), and Breast Self-Examination (BSE), this study investigated breast cancer screening rates and its associated factors in Korean American immigrant women. Method: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 168 Korean immigrant women aged 40 and older in Midwest. The Andersen’s Behavioral Model (1995) theoretically guided this study and logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with screening receipt and performance. Results: Study participants reported low screening rates, specifically mammography and CBE uptake. About 71% of the women had a mammography at least once in their lifetime, while about 36% indicating receipt of a mammogram in the last three years. About 59% of the women received a CBE at least once in their lifetime, while about 32% had CBE in the past three years. About 74% of study participants have performed BSE at least once in their life time, while about 69% have done it in the past three years. Knowledge of screening method was consistently correlated with participant’s three breast cancer screening uptake. Additional factors that were positively associated with screening included older age, low barriers to mammograms, and lower educational attainment. Conclusions: Overall, study participants reported low rates of breast cancer screening receipt and performance. It is required to promote screening uptake among Korean immigrant women, especially women with young age, a lower level of education, and lack of health accessibility. A community-based language-appropriate health education program should be developed to increase health care access.     

Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Screening Behavior among Iranian Women

Background: Early detection of breast cancer is of great importance to improve women’s health and to decreasethe cost related to cancer death. Therefore, recognition of variables related to breast cancer screening behaviorsis necessary. Objectives of this study were to identify the rates of breast self-examination (BSE) performance andmammography use in Iranian women, and to characterize the demographic and cognitive factors associated withtheir breast cancer screening behavior. Method: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 388 females,using an adapted version of Champion’s revised Health Belief Model Scale. Results: The results showed that7.5% of the participants performed BSE on a regular monthly basis, and among the women aged 40 and older,14.3% reported having had at least one mammography in their lifetime. Perceived self-efficacy and perceivedbarriers to BSE were significant predictors for BSE performance. For having mammography, health motivationwas the main predictor. Conclusion: Eliminating barriers and increasing perceived self-efficacy with an emphasisto make the women acquainted with BSE performance; as well as increasing health motivation of women andpersuading of physicians for clinical breast examination (CBE) performance with low cost and free access tom ammography, are important to promote BSE and mammography.     

Breast cancer screening beliefs, recommendations and practices: primary care physicians in the United States

BACKGROUND:

Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a key role in breast cancer screening, yet no current data exist regarding PCP practices.

METHODS:

The authors analyzed a nationally representative survey of PCPs that was fielded during September 2006 to May 2007 to investigate PCP breast cancer screening beliefs, recommendations, and practices.

RESULTS:

Most of the 1212 PCPs who participated in the survey (80%) reported that mammography for average‐risk women aged ≥ 50 years was very effective in reducing cancer mortality, and 54% reported that it was very effective for women ages 40 to 49 years. Fewer respondents reported that clinical breast examination (CBE) or breast self‐examination (BSE) was very effective, but the majority rated CBE and BSE as somewhat effective. The majority of PCPs routinely recommended mammography, CBE, and BSE to patients aged ≥ 40 years. In multivariate models, family/general practitioners (odds ratio [OR], 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57‐3.17 for mammography; OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 2.60‐7.52 for CBE) and internal medicine specialists (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 2.21‐4.66 for mammography; OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 3.21‐8.88 for CBE) were more likely to recommend an upper age limit for screening than obstetrician/gynecologists. Physicians who reported that US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines were very influential were more likely to recommend an age at which they no longer recommend mammography and CBE.

CONCLUSIONS:

To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first national study in over 2 decades to report the breast cancer screening practices of PCPs and provides baseline data for monitoring the impact of changes in clinical practice guidelines. The current findings suggested that virtually all PCPs routinely recommend mammography, CBE, and BSE to their patients aged ≥ 40 years, although recommendations vary by primary care specialty. Cancer 2011. Published 2011 by the American Cancer Society.     

Breast cancer screeningA brief historical review

Breast cancer screening by a combination of clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography is effective in reducing mortality from breast cancer in all age groups for years 40 and above. Mammography is the single most effective method in obtaining the mortality reductions. The CBE should not be omitted, however, in that it does add information not apparent on mammography. The CBE can be done safely by a nonphysician properly trained. Breast self-examination (BSE) is ineffectual in reducing mortality. It is debatable if it has a role in screening for breast cancer at all. This observer believes it should be done, in that its cost is minimal once the training is over.     

Differences in Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Rates in Jordan among Women from Different Socioeconomic Strata: Analysis of the 2012 Population-Based Household Survey

Background: The burden of breast and cervical cancer is changing over time in developing countries. Regularscreening is very important for early detection and treatment. In this study, we assessed inequalities in breastand cervical cancer screening rates in women according to household wealth status, and analyzed the potentialpredictors associated with a low cancer screening rate in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A nationwide populationbasedcross-sectional survey collected information on different variables at the national level. All ever-marriedwomen (the phrase is used throughout the text to refer to women who had ever married) aged 15–49 years wereincluded in the survey. Analysis of breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) at leastonce in the previous year was carried out in 11,068 women, while lifetime Pap-smear testing was carried outin 8,333 women, aged 20-49 years. Results: Over 39% and 19% of ever-married Jordanian women reportedhaving undergone a breast examination during the previous year and Pap smear examination at least once intheir lifetime, respectively. The rate of BSE in the previous year was 31.5%, that of CBE in the previous yearwas 19.3%, and that of Pap smear examination at least once in life was 25.5%. The adjusted OR was higher forperforming BSE (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.43), undergoing CBE (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08–1.60) and undergoingPap smear examination (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.92–2.93) among women in the highest wealth-index quintile ascompared to those in the lowest quintile. The concentration index was 0.11 for BSE, 0.01 for CBE, and 0.27for Pap smear examination. Women in their twenties, living in rural or the southern region of Jordan, with anelementary school education or less, who listened to the radio or read the newspaper not more than a few times ayear, and nulliparous women were less likely to undergo breast and cervical cancer screening. Conclusions: Therates of breast and cervical cancer screening are low in Jordan. Reducing the sociodemographic and economicinequalities in breast and cervical cancer screenings requires concerted outreach activities for women livingunder socially deprived conditions.     

Attitude and Practice Regarding Breast Cancer Early Detection among Iranian Women: A Systematic Review

Objectives: To determining attitudes and practice regarding breast cancer early detection techniques (breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography) among Iranian woman. Methods: International (PubMed, ISI, and Google Scholar) and national (SID and Magiran) databases were reviewed up to September 2017 to identify articles related to the attitudes and practices of Iranian women concerning breast cancer screening behavior with reference to BSE , CBE and mammography. The screening steps, analysis of quality of the studies and extraction of the papers were performed by two reviewers. Results: Of the 532 studies included initially, 21 performed on 10,521 people were considered eligible. Subjects with a positive attitude toward BSE in various studies were 13.5% to 94.0% with an average of 47.6%. Positive attitudes to CBE and mammography were found in 21.0% and 26.4%, respectively. Participant performance of BSE ranged from 2.6% to 84.7%, with an average of 21.9%. The respective figures for CBE and mammography were 15.8% and 16.7%. Conclusion: Considering the poor performance and low rates for positive attitudes, it is suggested that educational programs should be conducted across the country.     

Effects of Education Based on the Health Belief Model on Screening Behavior in High Risk Women for Breast Cancer,Tehran, Iran

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Early diagnosis allows efficienttreatment and increases survival, but the efficacy of breast self examination (BSE) is not sufficiently wellestablished. The American Cancer Society aims to give women the opportunity to recognize the utility,limitations and adverse effects of breast cancer screening through education models based on psychologicaltheories. With the Health Belief Model, people’s health perceptions and attitudes influence their practices, forexample with screening. Objective: The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to determine theeffect of education based on this model on breast cancer screening in high risk Iranian women. Materials andMethods: Participants were women with a family history of breast cancer (mother, sister, and daughter). Afterexplanation of the study objectives to participants, they were recruited on obtaining oral consent and each filledout the study questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. Allocation was into two groups by computerizedrandomization, control and intervention, receiving education on breast cancer screening. Perceived susceptibilityto and seriousness of breast cancer, perceived usefulness of and barriers to BSE, clinical breast examination,and mammography, and self-efficacy in the ability to perform these, were assessed, with comparison of scoresfor BSE practice before and after education and doing mammography and clinical examination by a physicianin intervention and control group. Results: The mean age was 37.8±11.7 (range 19-60). The mean rank in theintervention group significantly differed before and after the education, but except for “ perceived threat “and“perceived usefulness of breast self examination”, we did not find any significant differences from the controlgroup. After educational sessions, breast self examination and clinical examination practice rates were elevated.Conclusion: Health education based on well known psychological theories for breast cancer screening should beextended to the entire populations in developing countries. In addition, we should pay attention to barriers towomen undergoing mammography, such as costs, shame and accessibility, and increase the target populationawareness and positive attitudes towards benefits of early breast cancer screening.     

Breast cancer screening knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Korean American women

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the knowledge and beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening and practices of clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography of Korean American women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Two Korean churches in a mid-sized Southeastern U.S. city. SAMPLE: A convenience sample of 107 Korean women ages 40 and older. METHODS: Data were collected using Champion's Health Belief Model instrument (susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers) and the Breast Cancer Knowledge test through mailed questionnaires. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Knowledge and beliefs about breast cancer screening and practices of CBE and mammography. FINDINGS: The percentages of Korean American women who ever had a CBE and mammography were 67 and 58, respectively. Among the Health Belief Model variables, women who never had a CBE had significantly lower knowledge scores and higher perceived barriers to CBE than those who had. Women who never had a mammogram reported significantly higher perceived barriers to mammography. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that husband's nationality, regular checkups, and encouragement from family members and physicians were significant predictors of CBE and mammography use. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of breast cancer screening practices among Korean American women is below national objectives. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: As healthcare professionals in a culturally diverse nation, nurses need to increase their awareness of cultural variations and provide culturally and linguistically appropriate breast health education. Additional studies with women from a variety of settings are needed to validate present study findings.     

BreastLight Apparatus Performance in Detection of Breast Masses Depends on Mass Size

Background: Accurate measurement of breast mass size is fundamental for treatment planning. Weevaluated performance of BreastLight apparatus in detection breast of masses with this in mind. Materials andMethods: From July 2011 to September 2013, a total of 500 women referred to mammography unit in Yazd,Iran for screening were recruited to this study. Performance of BreastLight in detection breast masses regardtheir sizeing, measured with clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography and sonography, was assessed.Sonographic and mammography examinations were performed according to breast density among women intwo groups of women younger (n=105) and older (n=395) than 30 years. Size correlations were performed usingSpearman rho analysis. Differences between mass size as assessed with the different methods (mammography,sonography, and clinical examination) and the BreastLight detection were analyzed using Χ2-trend test.Results: Performance of the BreastLight in detection of lesions smaller than or equal to 1 cm assessed by CBE,mammography and sonography was 4.4%,7.7% and 12.5% and for masses larger than 4 cm was 65%, 100%and 57.1%, respectively. The performance of BreastLight in detection was significantly increased with largermasses (p<0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that clinical measurement of breast cancer size is as accurate as thatfrom mammography or ultrasound. Accuracy can be improved by the use of a simple formula of both clinicaland mammographic measurements.     

A Case Control Study on the Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening by Clinical Breast Examination in Japan

A case-control study was conducted in Miyagi and Gunma prefectures, Japan, to evaluate the effectiveness of breast cancer screening by clinical breast examination (CBE) alone in reducing breast cancer mortality. Case subjects, who were female and had died of breast cancer, were collected from residential registry files and medical records. Control subjects matched in sex, age and residence were randomly selected from residential registry files. The screening histories during 5 years prior to the cases having been diagnosed as breast cancer were surveyed using the examinee files of the screening facilities. Finally, the data of 93 cases and 375 controls were analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) of breast cancer death for participating in screening at least once during 5 years was 0.93 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.48-1.79). The cases were more symptomatic than the controls when screened. If the participants who had had symptoms in their breasts were classified as not screened, the OR decreased to 0.56 (95%CI 0.27-1.18). The case control study suggests that the current screening modality (CBE) lacks effectiveness (OR=0.93), although it might be effective for an a symptomatic population (OR=0.56). The number of cases was small, and a larger case-control study is desirable to define whether CBE is effective or not. However, it is necessary to consider the introduction of mammographic screening to reduce breast cancer mortality in Japan.     

Do We Need to Maximise the Breast Cancer Screening Awareness?: Experience with an Endogamous Society with High Fertility

Background: In the State of Qatar, breast cancer has become the most common form of cancer amongwomen. The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, attitude and practice about breast cancer and toidentify potential barriers to screening procedures among women. Methods: This multistage sampling crosssectional survey in primary health care centers and the outpatient department of the Women’s Hospital in theState of Qatar targeted a representative sample of 1,200 Qatari women aged between 30 to 55 years of ageduring the period from December 2008 to April 2009. A total 1,002 subjects (83.5%) consented to participation.Face to face interviews were conducted with a designed questionnaire covering knowledge about breast cancer,attitudes and practices of breast cancer screening. Socio-demographic variables were included. Results: Themajority of Qatari women demonstrated an adequate knowledge about breast cancer, with a significant relationto education status. Almost three quarters were aware that breast cancer is the most common cancer in women.A good proportion knew that nipple retraction (81.2%) and discharge of blood (74.6%) are warning signs. Ofthe studied Qatari women, 24.9% identified breast self examination, 23.3% clinical breast examination (CBE)and 22.5% mammography as methods for detection of breast cancer. The frequently reported barriers amongthe Qatari women were asking any doctor/nurse how to perform breast self examination (57.3%), embarrassmentabout CBE (53.3%) and fear of mammography results (54.9%). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressionanalysis showed that family history, level of education, living in an urban area and having medical check-upswhen healthy were significant predictors for CBE and mammography. Conclusion: The study findings revealedthat although Qatari women had adequate general knowledge about breast cancer, the screening rates for BSE,CBE and mammography were low, these being performed most frequently by young Qatari women with ahigher level of education.     

Breast cancer screening among Cambodian American women

Our aim was to describe and identify factors associated with breast cancer screening among Cambodian American women. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1,365 households using bilingual and bicultural interviewers. We found that low proportions of Cambodian American women were up to date on their clinical breast examinations (CBE; 42%) and mammograms (40%). More than 80% of women with female physicians have had at least one prior screening, and 52% have had the tests recently. Women with male Asian American physicians were less likely to have had screening as compared to women with female non-Asian physicians: ever had CBE (odds ratio [OR], 0.26); recent CBE (OR, 0.39); ever had mammogram (OR, 0.36); and recent mammogram (OR, 0.22). Breast cancer screening among Cambodian American women lags behind the general U.S. population. Tailored promotion efforts should address barriers and promote cancer screening by physicians, staff, and organizations serving this population.