钛合金听骨Ⅰ期听骨链重建临床疗效分析

目的 探讨钛合金听骨赝复物在鼓室成形术中Ⅰ期听力重建的效果.方法 回顾性分析676例2008年6月至2011年1月行开放式鼓室成形伴Ⅰ期听骨链重建术的病例,从中筛选具有完整中长期随访资料者106例(107耳),根据应用钛合金为全部听骨赝复物( total ossicular replacement prosthesis,TORP)或部分听骨赝复物(partial ossicular replacement prosthesis,PORP)将其分为PORP组(86耳)和TORP组(21耳),随访6至30个月,分别比较两组手术前后0.5、1、2、4 kHz纯音气导平均听阈、平均气骨导差的变化及术后听力重建成功率的情况.结果 PORP组术前气导平均听阈为(49.0±12.6)dBHL,术后为(31.3 ±7.1)dBHL,听力平均提高了17.7 dBHL.TORP组术前气导平均听阈为(48.5 ±4.8)dBHL,术后为(29.4 ±4.7)dBHL,听力平均提高了19.1 dBHL.PORP组术前平均气骨导差为(27.0±7.1)dB,术后为(14.5 ±4.6)dB,气骨导差闭合12.5 dB.TORP组术前平均气骨导差为(29.1 ±7.2)dB,术后为(16.3 ±4.2)dB,术后气骨导差闭合12.9 dB.两组听力重建的成功率分别为83.7％和71.4％.两组在听力提高、气骨导差闭合、听力重建成功率等方面差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).总体听骨假体排出率为0.9％( 1/107).结论 应用钛合金听骨赝复物行鼓室成形术Ⅰ期听力重建,可有效提高听力,其排异率低.     

单纯先天性听骨链畸形的临床诊断及治疗

目的:探讨单纯先天性听骨链畸形的诊断及治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析2005-06-2009-08诊治的4例单纯先天性听骨链畸形病例,并进行疗效分析.4例患者均行鼓室探查及听骨链重建术,术后随访1~4年不等,通过检测语言频率(0.5、1.0、2.0 kHz),语言频率气导听阈提高15 dB以上为手术成功标准.结果:术中发现 3例为砧骨畸形,其中2例伴有镫骨底板上结构缺如,镫骨底板固定,1例砧骨缺如.听力重建后3例患者听力明显提高,术后随访期间言语频率气导听阈平均提高47 dB,骨导听阈无明显改变,1例听力无提高.所有病例均无耳鸣、眩晕、面瘫等并发症发生.结论:对不伴有外耳畸形的先天性传导性聋患者,应高度怀疑先天性听骨链畸形,鼓室探查术可确诊,听骨链重建术可提高听力.     

82耳鼓膜完整的传导性聋耳内镜下听骨链重建疗效观察

目的 分析总结77例(82耳)鼓膜完整的传导性聋患者的临床表现、听力学特点及耳内镜听骨链重建术的疗效.方法 回顾性分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院2016年2月到2019年2月期间收治并行耳内镜听骨链重建术的77例(82耳)鼓膜完整的传导性聋患者的资料.总结分析其病史、临床表现、听力学评估、术中探查及耳内镜听力重建疗效.结...     

听骨链畸形患者的听力学特征及耳内镜手术效果

目的　探讨听骨链畸形患者的听力学特征和耳内镜手术效果分析。方法　对35例（38耳）听骨链畸形患者行手术前后纯音听力测试,并对听骨链畸形根据Cremers Classification分型,对各个分型进行听力学特征分析。35例（38耳）均在耳内镜下进行手术,其中13耳行人工镫骨置换术,17耳行鼓室成形Ⅱ型术,8耳行鼓室成形Ⅲ型术。通过比较手术前后气骨导差变化来分析术后效果。结果　析35例（38耳）听骨链畸形患者的纯音测听。结果,2000 Hz骨导听阈处有明显听阈下降。35例（38耳）听骨链畸形患者,11耳为镫骨底板固定（Ⅱa）,占29.0%,平均气骨导差为（44.6±7.5）dB HL。2耳为镫骨底板固定伴砧镫关节假连接或固定（Ⅱb）,占5.3%,平均气骨导差为（42.9±8.9）dB HL。17耳为镫骨畸形但底板可活动（Ⅲa）,占44.7%,平均气骨导差为（37.8±9.7）dB HL;4耳为镫骨底板可活动但伴砧镫关节假连接或固定（Ⅲb）,约占10.5%,平均气骨导差为（34.1±10.6）dB HL;4耳为镫骨底板可活动但锤砧关节假连接或固定（Ⅲc）,约占10.5%,平均气骨导差为（39.0±7.8）dB HL。耳内镜术后3个月,行人工镫骨置换术者平均气骨导差为（21.0±11.4）dB HL,较术前缩小（24.0±11.1）dB HL;行Ⅱ型鼓室成形术者平均气骨导差为（17.1±10.5）dB HL,较术前缩小（20.0±8.3）dB HL;行Ⅲ型鼓室成形术者平均气骨导差为（22.0±14.1）dB HL,较 术前缩小（20.0±13.0）dB HL。结论　先天性听骨链畸形患者的纯音测听结果中,2000 Hz骨导听阈有明显的听阈下降,在听力图上呈现与耳硬化症相似的V型切迹形状。先天性听骨链畸形分型中,先天性镫骨底板活动伴听小骨畸形为常见。采用耳内镜下不同手术方法进行治疗可明显提高听力,缩小气骨导差。     

15例先天性中耳畸形临床特点及治疗

目的分析单纯中耳畸形的临床特点,探讨先天性单纯中耳畸形的诊断治疗方法。方法先天性中耳畸形患者15例（15耳）。男11例,女4例。年龄11～37岁,平均年龄（20.4±6.21）岁,单侧发病7例,双侧发病8例。平均气骨导差（50.33±7.73）dB HL,均行颞骨薄层CT扫描。显微镜下行鼓室探查及鼓室成形术,根据不同的畸形情况采用相应的听骨链重建技术。结果 15例中11例颞骨CT显示不同程度的听骨链异常。术中进行镫骨足板开窗或足板全切除4例（4耳）、前庭开窗2例（2耳）、外半规管开窗2例（2耳）、镫骨上结构存在、足板活动正常,行IIIa型鼓室成形术7例（7耳）。结论影像学检查对先天性中耳畸形的诊断十分重要,手术是主要治疗手段,多数病例可通过手术重建听骨链,恢复中耳传音功能,提高听力。但手术涉及内耳比例高,病例选择要慎重同时要做好充分术前准备。     

听骨链重建材料进展

随着材料科学的飞速发展,一些具有良好生物相容性和传音性的新型生物材料被用于听骨链重建手术,而应用结合各种材料优点的复合材料渐成为趋势。本文综述了目前国内外听骨链重建材料的最新进展。     

听骨链重建材料进展

随着材料科学的飞速发展,一些具有良好生物相容性和传音性的新型生物材料被用于听骨链重建手术,而应用结合各种材料优点的复合材料渐成为趋势。本文综述了目前国内外听骨链重建材料的最新进展。     

先天性中耳畸形的临床分型及其与耳聋的相关性

目的 探讨先天性中耳畸形的临床分型，以及不同类型的先天性中耳畸形与耳聋的相关性，以利于术前中耳畸形的诊断和术式的选择。方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院1995年3月-2004年5月收治的经手术证实为单纯先天性中耳畸形的病例（64例，82耳）。根据中耳组织胚胎学发育及手术探查中耳畸形情况进行临床分型，统计学检验各型先天性中耳畸形听阈的差异。结果 根据中耳结构组织胚胎学的发育，将先天性中耳畸形分为：A1：先天性锤砧骨畸形；A2：先天性砧镫骨畸形；B型：先天性镫骨固定；C型：先天性前庭窗或蜗窗发育不全或闭锁。听力学检查显示A、B、C3组间在语言频率上差异无统计学意义（P=0．1617），而高频（〉2kHz）的听阈B型及C型与A型均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05），并且B、C型先天性中耳畸形存在骨导下降及混合聋。结论 中耳结构的组织发育来源不同，在临床上不同类型的先天性中耳畸形累及的范围及程度存在很大差异，从而导致不同程度的传导性聋或混合性聋，其听阈不仅决定于听骨链是否完整，还在于畸形的部位和累及的范围。骨导听阈与气导高频听阈有助于鉴别不同类型的先天性中耳畸形。     

单纯性先天性听骨链畸形的听力学特征及手术效果

目的　分析单纯性先天性听骨链畸形听力学特征及手术效果。方法　回顾性分析85例（91耳）手术确诊为先天性听骨链畸形患者,收集患者临床资料及纯音听阈结果,统计术中所见各听小骨畸形,分析术前-术后纯音听阈结果。结果　根据镫骨底板固定及活动分组,术前固定组与活动组气导、骨导和气骨导差（air-bone gap,ABG）各频 率间比较,差异无统计学意义（P 均＞0.05）;术后固定组与活动组ABG在低频区比较,差异有统计学意义（t =2.189,P＜0.05）。以ABG≤20 dB作为手术成功指标,60耳中有44耳（72.41%）术后ABG≤20 dB。结论　单纯性先天性听骨链畸形患者,无论镫骨底板固定与否,气导均表现为中度听力损失,可通过手术方式重建听骨链获得较好效果,术后镫骨底板活动组较镫骨底板固定组效果佳。     

Ossicular geometry and the choice of technique for ossiculoplasty

The dimensions of the space between the handle of the malleus and the plane of the head of the bstapes have been investigated in 31 preserved temporal bones and 20 patients with defects of the incus. The width (A) and depth (B) were measured directly and other dimensions were then calculated. In the preserved temporal bones A varied between 0.5 and 3 mm (mean 2.0 mm), while for the patients the range was 1.5-3.8 mm (mean 2.2 mm). The dimension B varied between 1 and 2.5 mm (mean 1.7 mm) in the temporal bones and between 0 and 2 mm in the patients (mean 0.9 mm). This difference is statistically significant (P &< 0.0001). The angle at which a graft placed directly between the stapes head and malleus handle would lie relative to the long axis of the stapes varied between 14^o and 71^o in the temporal bones (mean 49^o) and between 0^o and 79^o in the patients (mean 63^o). This difference is also statistically significant (P &< 0.001). These differences may be due to chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction or to a tendency of the malleus to become displaced medially when it is not supported by the incus/stapes complex. These findings have significant implications for the mechanical properties of different methods of ossiculoplasty, and the relative position of the malleus and stapes should be taken into account when choosing the technique to be used in an individual case.     

Ossicular geometry and the choice of technique for ossiculoplasty.

The dimensions of the space between the handle of the malleus and the plane of the head of the stapes have been investigated in 31 preserved temporal bones and 20 patients with defects of the incus. The width (A) and depth (B) were measured directly and other dimensions were then calculated. In the preserved temporal bones A varied between 0.5 and 3 mm (mean 2.0 mm), while for the patients the range was 1.5-3.8 mm (mean 2.2 mm). The dimension B varied between 1 and 2.5 mm (mean 1.7 mm) in the temporal bones and between 0 and 2 mm in the patients (mean 0.9 mm). This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.0001). The angle at which a graft placed directly between the stapes head and malleus handle would lie relative to the long axis of the stapes varied between 14 degrees and 71 degrees in the temporal bones (mean 49 degrees) and between 0 degrees and 79 degrees in the patients (mean 63 degrees). This difference is also statistically significant (P less than 0.001). These differences may be due to chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction or to a tendency of the malleus to become displaced medially when it is not supported by the incus/stapes complex. These findings have significant implications for the mechanical properties of different methods of ossiculoplasty, and the relative position of the malleus and stapes should be taken into account when choosing the technique to be used in an individual case.     

Revision ossiculoplasty

Although ossiculoplasty, also known as ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR), was attempted initially in the early 1900s, it was not until the 1950s that it became commonplace and relatively well understood. Since then, there have been numerous technologic advances and a gain in the understanding of ossiculoplasty. However, successful OCR with resulting long-term stability can be a daunting task. Typically, the most common condition requiring revision OCR is chronic suppurative otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma. Primary and revision OCR are performed also for blunt and penetrating trauma-induced conductive hearing loss, congenital defects (eg, atresia), and benign and malignant tumors. Typically, reconstruction in ears with COM is more difficult than in ears without infection. This article discusses the key factors involved in successful revision OCR.     

Ossicular discontinuity

Because of the numerous and varied surgical approaches to ear pathology devised and expanded in the past two decades, we are destined to be confronted with increasingly frequent cases of ossicular defects behind an intact eardrum. Using a technique which is the converse of the established “patch” test a simple office procedure is described which may help establish the diagnosis of ossicular discontinuity in the adult with an intact eardrum. An audiogram is obtained and then a myringotomy performed with insertion of a large ventilation tube. A second audiogram is then done. A rise in the air conduction level, in the absence of fluid, is suggestive of ossicular discontinuity.     

钛质听小骨在中耳乳突手术中听力重建的疗效观察

目的探讨钛质人工听骨在中耳乳突手术中听骨重建的疗效。方法对50例慢性化脓性中耳炎手术并接受德国宾格钛质人工听小骨植入的患者进行随访。结果50例鼓膜修补后1个月复查均愈合良好,术后5个月发现2例听骨脱出,其中1例合并感染。50耳术前气导听力为36.67~103.33dB,平均为（63.00±18.03）dB;骨导听力10.00~58.00dB,平均为（28.07±14.22）dB。术后气导平均听力为（43.73±17.26）dB,与术前相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。术后骨导平均听力为（27.10±16.25）dB,与术前比较无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术前气骨导差（ABG）为13.34～50.00dB,平均为（34.53±10.84）dB,术后ABG平均为（17.63±5.12）dB,二者比较,差异有统计学意义（p＜0.01）。术后ABG≤20dB者及ABG较术前缩小15dB为听力提高有效共35耳,有效率为70%（35/50）。结论钛质人工听骨在听骨链重建的鼓室成形术中可以获得良好的听力效果,是一种并发症少,脱出率低,值得推广使用的人工听骨材料。     

Ossicular abnormality in Larsen's syndrome: a case report

Larsen's syndrome consists of a skeletal dysplasia with multiple joint abnormalities and a characteristic facies. No reports of this syndrome have documented hearing loss due to ossicular joint abnormalities. A 6-year-old girl is presented with the characteristic abnormalities of Larsen's syndrome, a normal otoscopic examination, and significant bilateral conductive hearing loss. Exploratory tympanotomy demonstrated an incudostapedial joint abnormality, as well as a fixed stapes footplate. The possibility of ossicular joint abnormalities, in addition to the other joint abnormalities associated with this syndrome, must be considered.     

Ossicular discontinuity and exostoses in Proteus syndrome: a case report

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare hamartomatous disorder characterized by mosaic overgrowth of multiple tissues that manifests early in life and is progressive. The presence of unilateral external auditory canal exostoses in a patient who is not a swimmer or surfer is suggestive of PS. However, hearing loss is not a typical feature. Here, we describe exostoses and ossicular discontinuity with conductive hearing loss in a patient with PS. The treatment consisted of canalplasty and ossicular chain reconstruction. A postoperative reduction was demonstrated in the patient's air-bone gap, from 21 dB to 13 dB for the pure tone average (four frequencies) and from 41 dB to 15 dB in the high-frequency range (6,000 to 8,000 Hz). Causes of ossicular discontinuity are discussed. Routine annual audiometric and otolaryngological evaluation should be considered in all patients with temporal bone involvement of PS.