成都市幼儿园520名儿童牙调查

目的了解成都市幼儿园儿童牙(牙合)发育现状,为采取必要的干预措施提供依据.方法随机对520名2.5～6岁儿童的牙(牙合)进行调查.结果符合理想乳牙牙(牙合)发育特征的为70%～80%,有先兆异常20%～30%.结论乳牙防龋,纠正坏习惯,管理间隙,保持牙弓长度是非常重要的;及早预测恒磨牙的(牙合)关系,采取措施干预错(牙合)是十分必要的.     

脑电图过度换气试验小儿与成人样放电检出率对比研究

目的探讨脑电图过度换气(HV)试验中小儿与成人癎样放电检出率的差异.方法对拟诊为癫     

亚急诊足趾及甲瓣移植再造拇指及手指的临床研究

目的总结在亚急诊利用足趾及甲瓣移植再造拇指及手指的临床经验.方法自1999年起,应用第二足趾及带末节趾骨甲瓣游离移植于外伤后数天进行亚急诊拇、手指再造14例,其中拇指11例,示指2例,环指1例.结果术后14例全部成活,随访6个月～1年,再造的拇、手指外形满意,功能良好.结论术前合理设计,术中无创解剖是获得再造指成活的关键,亚急诊期进行拇指及手指再造是较理想的手术时机选择.     

伴有中央-颞部局灶放电儿童良性癫的脑电图分析

目的分析探讨伴中央-颞部局灶放电的儿童良性癫     

地尔硫静注控制阵发性心房颤动时快速心室反应的疗效评价

目的观察静脉应用地尔硫控制阵发性心房颤动时快速心室反应的效果.方法 59例阵发性心房颤动伴快速心室率者被随机分为地尔硫治疗组(D组)30例和毛花甙丙对照组(C组)29例,观察用药后的心室率和血压变化.结果 D组用药后心室率从(141±13)次/min降至(82±10)次/min,有效率为93.3%; C组用药后心室率从(142±15)次/min降至(88±11)次/min,有效率为72.4%.D组心室率下降和有效率均优于C组,P<0.05.最大效应时间D组为(7.0±2.5) min,C组为(105±29) min,P<0.01.地尔硫治疗组有2例出现一过性无症状性低血压,无需处理.结论静脉应用地尔硫能快速、有效和安全地控制阵发性心房颤动时快速心室反应.     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯-p-二英对雌性小鼠血浆维生素A、E的影响

目的了解2,3,7,8-四氯二苯-p-二(口恶)英(TCDD)对雌鼠血浆维生素A、E水平的影响.方法将实验昆明种雌性小鼠24只,随机分为染毒高(100 μg/kg)、中(10 μg/kg)、低(1 μg/kg)剂量和空白对照4组,腹腔注射染毒.48 h后对实验小鼠取血,离心后取上层血浆,用无水乙醇沉淀蛋白,加环己烷萃取后,使用荧光分光光度仪在不同波长下测定其荧光值,计算出维生素A、E浓度,进行统计分析.结果对照及染毒剂量低、中、高4组中小鼠血浆维生素A的平均水平差异无显著性(P＞0.05);血浆维生素E的平均水平差异有显著性(P＜0.05),对照组与低剂量组之间维生素E的浓度水平差异无显著性,但与中、高剂量组之间维生素E的浓度水平差异都有显著性(P＜0.05).结论在此实验条件下,尚不能够认为TCDD对雌鼠血浆维生素A的水平有影响,但对维生素E的水平有一定影响.     

上颌前方牵引治疗儿童替牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错36例的临床研究

目的探讨上颌前方牵引,治疗儿童替牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)的疗效.方法对36例儿童替牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)患者采用可调面具式前方牵引器,配合作者设计的口内固定装置进行前方牵引,对前方牵引治疗前后X线头影测量结果进行分析.结果SNA角平均增大了1.95度;SNB角平均减小了1.35度;ANB角增大了3.30度.结论可调面具式前方牵引器,促进了上颌骨向前生长,抑制了下颌骨向前生长,可以有效改善侧貌外形.     

Calcium Intake and 10-Year Weight Change in Middle-Aged Adults

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine the purported effects of calcium on modulating body weight.

Design

Retrospective data was used to assess the relationship between calcium intake and weight change over an 8- to 12-year period among middle-aged adults.

Subjects

Participants were 10,591 men and women aged 53 to 57 years recruited during 2000-2002.

Statistical Analysis

Linear regression was used to model associations of 10-year weight change and calcium intake, adjusted for weight at age 45 years, energy intake, physical activity, and other factors.

Results

Calcium intake was associated with 10-year weight change only in women. Women with current calcium supplement dose of >500 mg/day had a 10-year weight gain of 5.1 kg (95% confidence interval 4.7 to 5.5) compared to 6.9 kg (95% confidence interval 6.5 to 7.4) among nonusers (P for trend=0.001). Trends were similar for total calcium intake from diet plus supplements (P for trend=0.001). Dietary calcium alone had no significant effect on 10-year weight change.

Conclusions

Increasing total calcium intake, in the form of calcium supplementation, may be beneficial to weight maintenance, especially in women during midlife.     

Nutrition Knowledge Is Associated with Greater Weight Loss in Obese and Overweight Low-Income Mothers

Objective

To examine if greater nutrition knowledge vs gains in knowledge promote more successful weight loss in low-income, overweight and obese mothers with young children.

Design

A convenience sample of mothers and their children were measured for height and weight; mothers completed demographic and nutrition knowledge questionnaires pre- and postintervention.

Subjects/setting

Participants (N=141) were recruited from government and public health clinics and elementary schools. Inclusion criteria for mothers were: family income <200% federal poverty level; overweight/obese; and Hispanic, African-American, or white race/ethnicity.

Intervention

Eight weekly weight-loss classes emphasizing diet, physical activity, and behavior modification based on Social Cognitive Theory were administered to mothers.

Main Outcome Measures

Improvements in maternal nutrition knowledge and weight loss.

Statistical Analyses Performed

Paired-samples t tests, repeated measures analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, Pearson correlations, and χ² statistics.

Results

Nutrition knowledge of mothers increased in all areas. Participants with weight loss ≥2.27 kg (responders) had greater knowledge than those who did not; however, the actual net gain was similar for those who lost and did not lose weight. Weight gainers only improved in two areas on the test, whereas weight-loss responders increased knowledge in all six. Responders appeared more cognizant of diet, weight loss, and health information.

Conclusions

Weight-management programs should include a strong component of nutrition education to alleviate knowledge inequalities and promote more effective weight control. In low-income mothers, greater initial knowledge may be more predictive of weight loss than gains in knowledge during an intervention.     

Regular Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption between Meals Increases Risk of Overweight among Preschool-Aged Children

Objective

To examine the relationship between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (eg, nondiet carbonated drinks and fruit drinks) and the prevalence of overweight among preschool-aged children living in Canada.

Design

Data come from the Longitudinal Study of Child Development in Québec (1998-2002).

Subjects/setting

A representative sample (n=2,103) of children born in 1998 in Québec, Canada. A total of 1,944 children (still representative of the same-age children in this population) remaining at 4 to 5 years in 2002 participated in the nutrition study.

Statistical analyses performed

Data were collected via 24-hour dietary recall interview. Frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption between meals at age 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 years was recorded and children’s height and weight were measured. Multivariate regression analysis was done with Statistical Analysis System software. Weighted data were adjusted for within-child variability and significance level was set at 5%.

Results

Overall, 6.9% of children who were nonconsumers of sugar-sweetened beverages between meals between the ages of 2.5 to 4.5 years were overweight at 4.5 years, compared to 15.4% of regular consumers (four to six times or more per week) at ages 2.5 years, 3.5 years, and 4.5 years. According to multivariate analysis, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption between meals more than doubles the odds of being overweight when other important factors are considered in multivariate analysis. Children from families with insufficient income who consume sugar-sweetened beverages regularly between the ages of 2.5 and 4.5 years are more than three times more likely to be overweight at age 4.5 years compared to nonconsuming children from sufficient income households.

Conclusions

Regular sugar-sweetened beverage consumption between meals may put some young children at a greater risk for overweight. Parents should limit the quantity of sweetened beverages consumed during preschool years because it may increase propensity to gain weight.