在体犬急性心肌缺血再灌注31P磁共振波谱的实验研究

目的　评价 31 P磁共振频谱区分缺血再灌组心肌活力的能力。方法　建立犬缺血再灌注模型 ,用动脉夹将LAD夹闭 ,阻断血流 ,其中 7只犬夹闭 2 0min时解除动脉夹 ,使LAD再灌注为缺血再灌注顿抑心肌组 ,另外 6支犬夹闭 5h再灌注为缺血再灌注梗死组。用 31 P磁共振频谱动态观察心肌高能磷酸盐变化规律。结果　缺血再灌注梗死心肌磷酸肌酸 (Pcr)水平明显减低 ,而缺血再灌注存活心肌 (顿抑心肌 )无明显变化。缺血再灌注梗死心肌无机磷 (Pi)与磷酸肌酸的比值升高 ,而再灌注存活心肌 (顿抑心肌 )无明显变化。结论　31 P磁共振频谱能评价缺血再灌组心肌活力。这个技术临床应用方面有很大潜力     

~(31)P MR波谱在扩张性心肌病的临床应用

目的　对扩张性心肌病(DCM)进行MRI和31PMR波谱(31PMRS)研究,观察DCM的形态学改变和心肌细胞能量代谢特点。方法　8例健康志愿者为正常对照组,5例DCM病人作为检测组,进行心脏MRI扫描和31PMRS测定。结果　DCM病人的心肌普遍变薄,左心室射血分数下降,平均为33%;心肌细胞磷酸肌酸/三磷酸腺苷(PCr/ATP)和pH值下降,无机磷/磷酸肌酸(Pi/PCr)上升。结论　DCM的心肌代谢异常与心衰程度相关;MRI和31PMRS能够对DCM的形态学和心肌能量代谢作出初步诊断。     

常规MRI与31P MR波谱在骨及软组织肿块中的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨常规MRI与 31 P MR波谱(MRS)对骨及软组织肿块的鉴别诊断价值.方法在1.5 T场强下,对16例健康志愿者及35例骨及软组织肿块患者分别行常规MRI与 31 P MRS检查,测定波谱中各代谢产物的峰下面积,计算各代谢产物与β-三磷酸腺苷(β-ATP)的比值,以及根据无机磷(Pi)的化学位移相对于磷酸肌酸(PCr)的改变测定细胞内pH值.结果良恶性两组肿块在大小、信号均匀性、境界及对周围结构的侵犯等方面差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),其MRI特征有很大重叠性.对照组的磷酸单酯/β-三磷酸腺苷(PME/β-ATP)、磷酸二酯(PDE)/β-ATP、低能磷酸盐(LEP)/β-ATP、PCr/β-ATP、细胞内pH值分别为0.33±0.21、0.64±0.27、1.62±0.67、3.12±0.78、7.08±0.16,良性肿块组的PME/β-ATP、PDE/β-ATP、LEP/β-ATP、PCr/β-ATP、pH值分别为0.55±0.31、0.81±0.31、2.03±0.87、1.65±0.65、7.18±0.23,恶性肿块组的PME/β-ATP、PDE/β-ATP、低能磷酸盐(LEP)/β-ATP、PCr/β-ATP、pH值分别为1.73±0.40、1.73±0.45、4.31±1.18、1.44±0.54、7.32±0.29.与对照组比较,恶性肿块组的PME/β-ATP(P<0.01)、PDE/β-ATP(P<0.01)、LEP/β-ATP(P<0.01)、细胞内pH值(P<0.05)升高,良性及恶性肿块组的PCr/β-ATP(P<0.01)均降低,差异均具有统计学意义.与对照组比较,良性肿块组PME/β-ATP、PDE/β-ATP、LEP/β-ATP 、pH值均有所升高,但差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).与良性肿块组比较,恶性肿块组的PME/β-ATP、PDE/β-ATP、LEP/β-ATP升高,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);恶性肿块组的细胞内PH值较良性肿块组升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).以良性肿块的PME/β-ATP均值的1.8倍作为鉴别良恶性肿块的标准,则对肿块潜在恶性评估的敏感性为88.89%,特异性为94.12%.结论 31P MRS对骨及软组织肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值,是1种简单、无创、有效的补充检查手段.     

骨肉瘤的31P磁共振波谱观察

目的 利用31P磁共振波谱(MRS)在体分析骨肉瘤与正常骨骼、肌肉组织磷脂代谢特点,探讨31PMRS结合常规MRI在骨肉瘤定性诊断中的价值.资料与方法 对31名健康自愿者的33个部位、18例骨肉瘤行常规MRI与31P MRS检测.对两组各代谢物比值行独立样本t检验,分析骨肉瘤组织细胞膜磷脂代谢指标磷酸单酯(PME)/β-三磷酸腺苷(β-ATP)、磷酸二酯(PDE)/β-A11P等比值变化特点,组织能量磷酸肌酸(PCr)/总31P代谢物(T31P)、ATP/T31P、无机磷(Pi)/β-ATP及细胞内pH值变化特点.结果 骨肉瘤组PME/[β-ATP、Pi/β-A1甲、PDE/β-ATP、PCr/T31P、低能磷酸盐(LEP)/T31P、ATP/T31P、PCr/β-ATP、(PCr+ATP)/Pi及pH值均数分别为1.08±0.19、0.85±0.40、0.98±0.38、0.28±0.09、0.30±0.07、0.42±0.09、2.75±1.25、9.45±3.84、7.35±0.24,对照组各比值均数分别为0.07±0.06、0.34±0.12、0.43±0.26、0.43±0.03、0.10±0.03、0.46±0.03、3.63±0.65、24.53±10.14、7.06±0.08,除ATPP/T31P外,其余比值与对照组均存在明显差异(P值均<0.01).对MRI征象分析结果提示:单独依靠MRI对骨肉瘤符合率为12/18例,而结合31P MRS结果,诊断符合率为16/18例.结论 骨肉瘤组细胞膜磷脂代谢指标较对照组明显升高,高能磷酸盐显著降低,细胞内pH值轻度升高.结合常规MRI,这些特征性改变有利于对骨肉瘤病变的早期诊断和治疗监测.     

3 T磁共振动态磷谱对糖耐量异常患者骨骼肌线粒体功能的在体研究

目的用3 T磁共振动态磷谱技术(31P-MRS)在体无创性评价糖耐量异常(IGT)患者骨骼肌线粒体的功能。资料与方法对16例IGT患者和10名年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)匹配的正常自愿者骨骼肌进行动态31P-MRS分析,对磷酸肌酸(PCr)、无机磷(Pi)、三磷酸腺苷(α-,β-,和γ-ATP)的半绝对定量分析,同时计算ADP、Pi/PCr、细胞内pH值及恢复期PCr、ADP起始恢复速率。分析静息、运动及恢复期两组受试者骨骼肌能量代谢特点以及线粒体功能状况。结果 IGT组PCr、β-ATP含量各期均低于对照组;ADP均高于对照组;恢复期,IGT组PCr、ADP的初始恢复速度明显低于对照组。Pi、Pi/PCr、pH值两组变化趋势相同,组间无差异。结论 IGT患者的骨骼肌基础能量代谢率降低,骨骼肌线粒体氧化磷酸化功能受损。     

静息状态健康成人腓肠肌3.0T31P-MRS分析

目的 应用3.0T 31P-MRS对不同年龄组左腓肠肌磷代谢物定量分析,评估其磷代谢物特点,并为腓肠肌31P-MRS检查参数优化提供依据.方法 32例健康志愿者,在静息状态下进行31P-MRS单体素扫描,分别显示7个代谢产物波峰,同时计算pH值、PME/β-ATP、PCr/PME、β-ATP/Pi、PME/Pi、PDE/β-ATP相对定量分析.结果 健康成人静息状态下显示7个代谢物.PME、PCr、Pi、总ATP、PCr/PME、PME/Pi青年组和与老年组有统计学差异.中老年组PME、PME/β-ATP、β-ATP/Pi、PME/Pi、PDE/β-ATP男性与女性有统计学差异.结论 3.0T 31P-MRS可无创量化健康成人不同年龄、各组不同性别静息状态腓肠肌磷代谢产物.     

~(123)I-BMIPP在犬顿抑心肌中的摄取、清除和代谢

目的　利用12 3 I 15对碘苯基 3(R ,S)甲基十五烷酸 (BMIPP)在犬顿抑心肌 (SM)中的不匹配分布 ,探讨其作为诊断SM示踪剂的可能性。方法　建立标准犬左回旋支 (LCX)顿抑心肌模型(18min结扎后再灌注 ,n =12 )。监测血流动力学和心功能参数。Doppler探头测量LCX血流和局部室壁收缩厚度 (WT)。SPECT显像和组织γ计数法测量局部心肌的BMIPP、2 0 1Tl分布和微球灌注(RBF)。测量局部心肌耗氧量、葡萄糖和乳糖利用率。动态测量局部BMIPP摄取与清除。薄层层析法分析BMIPP及其代谢产物。结果　心肌顿抑时的血流动力学参数和冠状动脉血流恢复到基础水平 ,但WT明显低于基础值 [(12 .9± 2 9.1) %和 (6 6 .3± 2 2 .4) % ,P <0 .0 1]。离体心脏SPECT显像示 ,顿抑心肌残留BMIPP[(70± 6 ) % ]高于2 0 1Tl[(6 6± 6 ) % ,P <0 .0 5 ]。SM组织计数则BMIPP[(88 5±6 0 ) % ]和Tl[(85 .4± 6 .7) % ]高于RBF[(70 .4± 10 .5 ) % ,P <0 .0 0 1]。SM中 ,2 0 1Tl与RBF相关性较好(r=0 .6 7) ,而BMIPP与RBF不相关 (r=0 .11)。虽然SM的局部耗氧量和乳糖利用率低于基础值 ,但BMIPP代谢产物清除增加。未经代谢的BMIPP摄取和清除均有减低趋势。结论　代谢因素对SM的BMIPP残留有明显影响 ,主要表现为BMIPP摄取减低和其代谢产物清除     

31P-MRS在评估肝硬化及其分级中的价值

目的 探讨31P-磁共振波谱(MRS)无创评估肝硬化及其分级的价值.资料与方法 分别对53例肝硬化患者及28名正常对照组进行单体素31P-MRS扫描,计算肝细胞内pH值(pHi)、磷酸单酯(PME)、磷酸双酯(PDE)、无机磷(Pi)、磷酸肌酸(PCr)、γ-ATP、β-ATP、α-ATP、PME/ATP、Pi/ATP、PCr/ATP、PME/PDE、PME/Pi、PDE/Pi、PDE/ATP比值和低能磷酸盐(LEP)等代谢指标.探讨以上各参数在肝硬化及其Child-Pugh分级中的异同.结果 在肝硬化组,PME、PME/ATP、PME/PDE及PME/Pi均大于正常对照组(P<0.05);而Pi则相反(P=0.023;t=2.340).肝硬化Child-Push分级A、B、C级的PME分别为424.23±127.74、468.32±156.10、497.52±169.84,Pi分别为418.02±108.29、353.80±98.81、302.11±74.37,PME/Pi分别为1.03±0.45、1.41±0.59、1.82±0.62,均存在统计学意义(P值分别为0.047、0.038、0.042;F值分别为3.425、4.489、3.811),而其他代谢物在肝硬化及其分级中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 肝硬化时PME相关参数明显升高,PME、Pi和PME/Pi可对肝硬化的程度进行评估.     

心肌显像剂99TcmN(NOEt)2动物药理实验和再分布特性

目的对心肌显像剂99Tcm-氮-二(N-乙基-N-乙氧基二硫代氨基甲酸盐)[N(NOEt)2]进行临床前药理实验和再分布特性研究.方法制备的99TcmN(NOEt)2放化纯度>95%,对5只实验犬进行了血药动力学、体内生物分布和显像、99TcmN(NOEt)2和201Tl缺血心肌再分布显像对比和毒性的研究.结果 99TcmN(NOEt)2的放化纯度平均为(98.41±0.46)%,血清除T(α)1/2=(2.8±0.1) min,T(β)1/2=(142.7±32.7) min,总清除速率Cl=(292.3±117.1) mL/h.显像示99TcmN(NOEt)2能被心肌较快地摄取,肺中摄取清除快速,肝摄取较高.在10、30、60、90、120 min时,心肌摄取为(4.27±0.21)、(5.3±1.48)、(5.3±0.66)、(4.0±0.53)和(3.67±0.35)%ID;心/肺和心/肝比值分别是1.24±0.31、2.03±0.45、2.33±0.31、2.23±0.5、2.07±0.49和0.94±0.08、0.78±0.15、0.56±0.22、0.53±0.22、0.38±0.15.在30和60 min时心肌影像最为清晰.99TcmN(NOEt)2在犬缺血心肌中有再分布特征,并与201Tl的再分布显像自身对照结果一致.结论 99TcmN(NOEt)2是很有价值的心肌灌注显像剂,并有与201Tl一样的再分布特征.     

犬急性心肌梗死磁共振心肌灌注及电影成像实验研究

目的　采用MR快速序列研究急性心肌梗死的首过灌注特点及心功能改变。材料与方法　犬心肌梗死模型 9只 ,均进行T1WI磁化准备梯度回波序列 (TurboFLASH)首过灌注扫描及MR电影成像 (cine MR) ,完成检查后处死 ,分析心肌首过灌注特点及局部心功能变化 ,并与病理检查比较。结果　首过灌注时梗死心肌表现为灌注缺损 ,信号强度 时间曲线上升延缓 ,曲线斜率和峰值信号强度分别为 0 .0 2 5± 0 .0 2 0和 0 .84± 0 .2 7,较正常心肌(0 .13± 0 .0 80和 2 .0 2± 0 .99,P <0 .0 0 0 1)明显下降 ,峰值时间和曲线上升时间分别为 37.78± 11.90s和 32 .70±14 .0 9s,较正常心肌 (17.14± 6 .0 6s和 14 .2 8± 5 .14s,P <0 .0 0 0 1)明显延长。延迟期正常心肌信号强度下降 ,而梗死心肌仍呈上升趋势。首过灌注中灌注缺损面积与TTC染色一致。梗死节段室壁运动及室壁厚度异常。结论　MR首过灌注成像可反映病变心肌组织血流灌注信息 ,cine MR能测定节段室壁功能。结合首过灌注和心功能分析 ,可对梗死心肌在形态学和功能学两方面进行定性、定量分析 ,有助于评价梗死心肌活力     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.