奥沙利铂、紫杉醇分别联合5-氟脲嘧啶或亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的临床对照研究

目的比较奥沙利铂、紫杉醇分别联合5-氟脲嘧啶/亚叶酸钙组成的两组联合化疗方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效与不良反应。方法84例患者分为A、B两组。A组43例，采用奥沙利铂联合5-氟脲嘧啶或亚叶酸钙治疗，B组41例，采用紫杉醇联合5-氟尿嘧啶或亚叶酸钙治疗。两组方案均以21天为1个周期，化疗至少2个周期。结果A组患者有效率、中位肿瘤进展时间、中位生存期、1年生存率分别是51.2%、5.9个月、9.3个月、28.1%，B组则分别是46.3%、6.1个月、9.1个月、26.5%。两组有效率与生存期比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。两组主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制，恶心呕吐，但不严重。结论奥沙利铂、紫杉醇分别联合5-氟脲嘧啶或亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌，有较好疗效，且疗效相似，毒副反应均可耐受。     

多西他赛联合草酸铂及亚叶酸钙，5-氟脲嘧啶治疗晚期胃癌

目的 探讨多西他赛联合草酸铂及亚叶酸钙,5-氟脲嘧啶治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及毒副反应.方法 多西他赛75 mg/m2,d1,8,静脉滴注,草酸铂130 mg/m2,d1,亚叶酸钙200 mg静脉滴注2 h后5-氟脲嘧啶500 mg/m2,持续静脉输注22 h,d1-5,21 d为1周期,所有患者均接受至少2个周期的治疗.结果 全组CR 1例,PR 26例,总有效率48.2%,中位肿瘤进展时间(TTP)为6.3个月.其中初治38例,CR 0例,PR 19例,总有效率50.0%,中位TTP为6.9个月;复治18例,CR 1例,PR 7例,总有效率44.4%,中位TTP为6.1个月.主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐和脱发.结论 多西他赛联合草酸铂,亚叶酸钙及5-氟脲嘧啶治疗晚期胃癌疗效肯定,特别对初治患者,毒副反应较轻,患者均能耐受,值得临床进一步扩大研究.     

多西紫杉醇联合氟脲嘧啶和顺铂方案治疗晚期胃癌临床观察

目的 观察多西紫杉醇联合氟脲嘧啶和顺铂方案(DCF方案)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和毒副反应.方法 对28例晚期胃癌采用DCF方案化疗,多西紫杉醇75 mg/m2静脉滴入1 h,d1,DDP 25 mg/m2静脉滴入,d1-3,5-Fu 400 mg/m2静脉推注,d1-2,1 200mg/m2微量输液泵持续静脉滴注44 h,至少化疗2个周期评价疗效.结果 28例完全缓解(CR)2例,部分缓解(PR)14例,总有效率(RR)为57.14%,中位缓解期为6.5个月,中位生存期为11.6个月,1年生存率为46.3%;毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制、消化道反应和脱发,大部分为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度,耐受良好,骨髓抑制为剂量限制性毒性,Ⅲ度以上白细胞减少6例.结论 多西紫杉醇联合氟脲嘧啶和顺铂方案治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效好,毒副反应轻,耐受性好.     

多西紫杉醇联合奥沙利铂和氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期胃癌的临床研究

目的：观察多西紫杉醇联合奥沙利铂和氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法：自２００５年１１月～２００７年８月,２３例晚期胃癌患者采用多西紫杉醇联合奥沙利铂和氟尿嘧啶方案治疗,按ＷＨＯ标准评价近期疗效和毒副反应,随访疾病进展时间（ＴＴＰ）和中位生存期（ＭＳＴ）。结果：全组２３例均可评价疗效,其中ＣＲ２例,ＰＲ１１例,ＳＤ６例,ＰＤ４例。有效率（ＲＲ）为５６.５％,中位ＴＴＰ为５.５个月,中位ＭＳＴ为１０个月。毒副反应主要是骨髓抑制,其次为胃肠道反应、口腔黏膜炎、腹泻及周围神经毒性。结论：多西紫杉醇联合奥沙利铂和氟尿嘧啶方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效较好,毒副反应可以耐受,值得临床进一步研究应用。     

多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨和奥沙利铂治疗28例晚期胃癌

[目的]观察多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨、奥沙利铂作为一线方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及毒副反应。[方法]对28例晚期胃癌患者采用多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨、奥沙利铂方案化疗。至少2个周期后评价疗效。按WHO标准评价近期疗效和毒副反应。[结果]可评价疗效者26例,完全缓解(CR)3例,部分缓解(PR)13例,总有效率61.54%。中位达进展时间7.0个月,中位生存期12.8个月。可评价毒性患者28例,毒副反应主要有骨髓抑制,外周神经感觉异常,手足综合征,口腔黏膜炎,恶心、呕吐和腹泻。全组无治疗相关性死亡。[结论]多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨、奥沙利铂治疗晚期胃癌有较好的疗效,毒副反应可以耐受。     

周剂量多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶/亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌疗效观察

目的:观察周剂量多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶/亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效,毒副作用及生活质量改善情况.方法:18例晚期胃癌患者以多西紫杉醇25mg/m2d1、d8、d15静脉滴注1小时,奥沙利铂65mg/m2d1、d8静脉滴注3小时,亚叶酸钙100mgd1～d5静脉滴注2小时,5-氟尿嘧啶500mg/m2d1-d5静脉滴注4小时.4周为1个周期, 2周期为1个疗程.所有病人至少接受2周期以上.客观疗效(CR PR)和毒副作用按WHO进行评价,生活质量按临床受益反应(CBR)进行评价.结果:18例均可评价疗效,完全缓解(CR)0例,部分缓解(PR)10例,总有效率55.6%,临床受益反应有效率72%,中位TTP 5.6月.主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制,消化道反应和神经毒性,大部分为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,可以耐受.结论:每周低剂量多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶/亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效好,毒副反应轻,耐受性好,病人生活质量明显改善.     

紫杉醇联合氟脲嘧啶和亚叶酸钙方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

 目的观察含紫杉醇联合氟脲嘧啶/亚叶酸钙方案治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效及毒副反应。方法晚期胃癌43例患者均给予紫杉醇(PTX)135mg/m2,静滴3h,第一天给药;亚叶酸钙(CF)200mg/m2静脉滴注2h,给予氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)500mg/m2静脉推注,后续5-Fu3000mg/m2,持续静脉输注泵泵注48h,21天为1周期,至少应用3周期后按WHO标准评价疗效和毒副反应。结果全组43例可评价疗效41例,完全缓解(CR)4例,部分缓解(PR)21例,稳定(SD)12例,进展(PD)4例,近期客观有效率60.98%,中位TTP为8.3个月。可评价毒性患者41例,主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和脱发。结论PTX联合5-Fu/CF治疗晚期胃癌有较好的疗效,毒性反应轻可耐受,值得在临床上推广。     

周剂量多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶／亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌疗效观察

目的：观察周剂量多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶／亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效，毒副作用及生活质量改善情况。方法：18例晚期胃癌患者以多西紫杉醇25mg／m^2d1、d8、d15静脉滴注1小时，奥沙利铂65mg／m2d1、d8静脉滴注3小时，亚叶酸钙100mgd～d5静脉滴注2小时，5-氟尿嘧啶500mg／m^2 d1—d5静脉滴注4小时。4周为1个周期，2周期为1个疗程。所有病人至少接受2周期以上。客观疗效（CR＋PR）和毒副作用按WHO进行评价，生活质量按临床受益反应（cBR）进行评价。结果：18例均可评价疗效，完全缓解（CR）0例，部分缓解（PR）10例，总有效率55．6％，临床受益反应有效率72％，中位唧5．6月。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制，消化道反应和神经毒性，大部分为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，可以耐受。结论：每周低剂量多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶／亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效好，毒副反应轻，耐受性好，病人生活质量明显改善。     

多西紫杉醇联合氟尿嘧啶及顺铂治疗晚期胃癌

 目的 观察国产多西紫杉醇（TAT）联合亚叶酸钙／5-氟尿嘧啶（CF／5Fu）及顺铂（DDP）治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效与不良反应。方法 41例晚期胃癌患者接受TAT与CF／5-Fu及DDP联合化疗：TAT75mg／m2，静滴1h，d1；CF100mg，静滴2h，d1-5；5-Fu500mg／m2，22h微泵持续静滴，d1-5；DDP25mg／m2，静滴，d，1-3。28天为一个周期。治疗2个周期后评价疗效和不良反应。结果 41例患者均可评价疗效。完全缓解2例，部分缓解23例，有效率61．0％。中位疾病进展时间7．5个月，中位生存期10．6个月，1年生存率41．5％。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制，脱发和周围神经炎。结论 国产多西紫杉醇联合亚叶酸钙／5-氟尿嘧啶及顺铂治疗晚期胃癌缓解率高，毒副反应可以耐受。     

紫杉醇或草酸铂联合氟脲嘧啶/亚叶酸治疗晚期胃癌的对比研究

目的：观察并比较紫杉醇联合氟脲嘧啶／亚叶酸（5-FU／CF）与草酸铂联合5-FU／CF治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及毒副反应：方法：随机将晚期胃癌患者分为两组：紫杉醇联合5-FU／CF组（A组）27倒．草酸铂联合5-FU／CF（B组）29例．每例患者至少完成2周期以上的化疗。结果：A组有效率（CR＋PR）为59．26％，中位缓解期5．8个月，中位生存期11．6个月、B组有效率（CR＋PR）为55．17％，中位缓解期6．2个月，中位生存期10．8个月。两组的主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、神经毒性和消化道反应。两者相比A组的骨髓抑制、脱发较重．B组轻度腹泻的发生率稍高。结论：紫杉醇联合5-FU／CF与草酸铂联合5-FU／CF两方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效相当，毒副反应均可耐受。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Second-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-ifosfamide in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide.

In an effort to use antineoplastic drug combinations which are active in platinum resistant ovarian cancer or which can induce a second response after a platinum first-line treatment, we conducted a study on 30 ovarian cancer patients previously treated with carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide who were given ifosfamide 5 g/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 plus mesma combined with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 every 4 weeks as second-line treatment. Eight patients had never entered remission with first-line chemotherapy while 22 patients had tumor recurrence within 6 to 18 months after the end of chemotherapy and their tumors were considered potentially platinum sensitive. Responding patients received 6 courses while palliative treatment for nonresponders was provided. Of the 22 patients with tumor recurrence, 8 patients responded with one partial response (PR) and 7 complete clinical responses (CCR). Two out of the 8 patients with platinum resistant disease demonstrated short lasting PR. Seven patients with CCR underwent second-look operation and in two a pathological CR was documented. Median time to progression was 6 mo (4-12). The median overall survival was 12 mo (4-20). Myelotoxicity despite G-CSF administration was significant with grade 4 leukopenia in 40% and grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 20% of patients. Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity was significant with 30% somnolence, 20% disorientation and an episode of grand-mal epilepsy ascribed to ifosfamide. With a 33% response rate the combination is as effective as new agents employed in relapsed ovarian cancer. Platinum-refractory disease may respond to a lesser degree. The most important determinant of response was the progression-free interval from first-line chemotherapy. Whether patients recurring after carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide have a greater chance to respond to cisplatin plus ifosfamide or vice-versa cannot be supported by the current data and therefore randomized studies should be performed to this end.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs