武警不同任务部队战士体能水平比较

目的比较武警不同任务部队战士的体能水平和特点,为不同任务部队科学实施体能训练提供依据。方法以执行不同作战任务的某武警总队特战分队(n=76)和机动大队(n=95)男性战士为对象,测量反映体能水平的相关指标,如克托莱指数、肺活量、VO2max、握力、引体向上等,并进行对比分析。结果特战部队战士体质量和克托莱指数显著高于机动部队(P0.01);特战部队肺活量和VO2max显著高于机动部队(P0.05,P0.01);特战部队战士握力、立位体前屈、立定跳远、引体向上、俯卧撑、双杠臂屈伸、仰卧起坐成绩显著高于机动部队战士(P0.05,P0.01);通过体能分级评价,特战部队战士VO2max、立定跳远、俯卧撑的优秀率分别为100%、53.9%、77.6%,机动部队分别为4.2%、6.3%、26.3%,特战部队优秀率显著高于机动部队(P0.01);特战部队引体向上优秀率(9.2%)与机动部队(7.4%)比较,差异没有显著性(P0.05)。结论不同任务部队战士体能水平差别明显,特战部队战士体能水平显著高于机动部队战士,但是体能素质发展不够均衡。机动部队战士各项体能素质有待进一步提高。     

某部战士身体发育状况及对机能与运动能力影响的调查

对某部陆军283名男性战士身体发育调查结果发现,平均身高较城市学生低1.4cm,平均体重较城乡学生重0.65与1.2kg、平均胸围低3.3与3.2cm.其发育水平(Vervaeck指数)与肺活量、PWC_(170)、背肌力、最大握力、原地投弹呈正相关,与100m跑呈负相关,与3000m跑和引体向上相关不密切.     

武警某部男战士和学员有氧耐力训练心率的研究

目的 :指导和监控部队有氧耐力训练强度 ,为提高训练效果提供参考资料。方法 :对 6 32名 18- 2 2岁男战士和学员依照GJB1337- 92和GJB2 5 5 8- 96规定的方法分别测定安静心率和训练心率。结果 :(1)安静心率均值 6 9.3± 6 .4b·min- 1,中等训练心率 16 1.2± 6 .2b·min- 1;最小训练心率为 147.4± 6·2b .min- 1,最大训练心率为 173.2± 6 .4b·min- 1;(2 )依测定结果制作了 6 0 %、70 %和 80 %三个有氧耐力训练心率表 ,使不同年龄、不同安静心率的人可以直接快捷地查到适宜训练心率。结论 :武警某部有氧耐力训练的适宜训练心率为 147～ 173b·min- 1。适宜训练心率依安静心率递增而递增 ,依年龄递增而递减。     

某阅兵部队战士高温训练前后尿液生化指标的变化

为研究高温环境下的军事训练对战士肾脏功能及人体内环境平衡状态的影响 ,我们观察了参加 50年国庆阅兵训练的武警某部战士在第 1次高温训练前后的尿液生化 11项指标的变化。现将结果报告如下。1　对象与方法　 (1)对象 :随机挑选参加阅兵训练的武警官兵 12 0人 ,均为男性 ;年龄 18～ 2 5岁 ,平均2 2岁 ;身高 175～ 180ｃｍ ,平均 178ｃｍ ;体重 6 8.2～85.3ｋｇ ,平均 75.6ｋｇ ;兵龄 1.5～ 8.5年 ,平均 3.5年 ;既往均无高血压、肾脏病病史。训练时环境温度(4 0 .2± 1.6 )℃ ,相对湿度 (55± 5.4 ) %。 (2 )方法 :采集受试者训练前尿液立…     

武警部队医学生心理健康状况调查

目的　了解武警部队医学生心理健康状况 ,探讨增进武警部队学员心理健康的对策。方法　采用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )为工具 ,对随机抽取的 312名武警医学生进行心理健康状况测试。结果　武警医学生SCL - 90各项因子分普遍低于武警军人组和国内常模青年组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;总均分 1.39± 0 .34,低于武警军人组 (1.4 7± 0 .4 2 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　武警医学生心理健康状况优于武警军人和国内常模青年组。但仍存在问题 ,部队教育工作者应根据武警院校学员特点 ,积极开展心理卫生教育 ,以提高军校学员整体心理素质     

团体心理辅导与军校学员心理健康初探

目的探讨团体心理辅导对军校学员心理健康的影响。方法随机选取 2个战士学员区队 ,各 31人 ,分为实验组和对照组 ,对实验组进行团体心理辅导 ,不干预对照组。结果实验组团体心理辅导后 ,强迫症状分数为 0 .77± 0 .4 6 ,显著低于辅导前的 1.0 4± 0 .5 6 (P <0 .0 1) ;恐怖和社交焦虑分数分别为 0 .2 9± 0 .2 1和 4 .5 1± 3.71,亦低于辅导前的 0 .4 3± 0 .35和 6 .0 3± 3.4 8(P <0 .0 5 ) ;自评自信心水平心理辅导前为 7.19± 1.6 6 ,辅导后提高至 7.90± 1.5 9,差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论团体心理辅导可以有效地促进学员的心理健康 ,提高学员的人际交往能力 ,从而提高心理素质。     

武警战士、学员擒拿格斗判断移动反应能力的研究

目的 :通过测定武警部队战士、学员判断移动反应能力 ,为评价擒拿格斗判断移动反应能力提供参考资料。方法 :选择武警部队战士及院校学员 10 0 7名 ,其中男性 6 2 9名 ,女性378名 ;年龄 18～ 2 2岁 ,均为汉族。采用TKH - 0 3型判断移动反应仪测定法进行测定。结果 :判断移动反应时男性为 (2 8.6 6± 3.5 7)s ,女性为 (31.38± 3.36 )s ,男性优于女性 ,两性之间差异显著(P <0 .0 1)。依据体脂百分率将受试者分为正常、肥胖前期和肥胖 3组 ,后两者与前者的反应时比较 ,成绩较差。结论 :通过判断移动反应时的测定 ,可以评价擒拿格斗判断移动反应能力 ,其成绩的优劣与性别和肥胖有关     

某试验部队战士自尊和心理健康及相关因素分析

目的 :研究某试验部队战士自尊水平 ,并与心理健康、自我和谐性、应对方式的相关关系进行探讨。方法 :采用自尊 (SES)、SCL - 90、CSQ、SCCS量表 ,以团体测试方式 ,统一指导语 ,对 2 2 0名战士进行测评。结果 :战士的自尊总体水平为 2 9.14± 2 .5 3。SES均分 1年兵为 2 8.81±3.2 2 ,与两年以上军龄者 (30 .11± 2 .78)比较 ,具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;技能成绩好的战士 31.5 7± 3.12 ,与技能差的战士 (2 8.10± 4 .32 )比较 ,差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;获得好评的战士31.31± 4 .0 2 ,与受过批评的战士 (2 8.5 2± 3.6 4)比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;家庭关系密切的战士 30 .97± 3.34,与家庭关系紧张的战士 (2 8.96± 4 .5 7)比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。高自尊组与低自尊组的对比研究可见 ,高自尊组SCL - 90各因子分、SCCS中的不和谐性、刻板性、CSQ中的NC低于低自尊组 ,而SCCS中的灵活性、CSQ中的PC增高。相关分析显示 ,自尊与SCL -90各因子、CSQ中的不和谐性、刻板性及消极应对之间有显著负相关 ,与SCCS中的灵活性和积极应对呈显著正相关。结论 :社会因素、家庭关系、自身能力、自我意识影响自尊 ,自尊水平对心理状态和行为方式有一定的作用 ,与自我和谐、应对方式有关联     

96孔板微生物法微量测定血浆和红细胞内叶酸含量

目的　了解正常人血浆和红细胞内叶酸含量。方法在 96孔细胞培养板中应用L .casie和叶酸培养基对 59例健康青年人的血浆和红细胞内叶酸含量进行微量测定。结果血浆叶酸含量为 (8 2± 2 9) μg L ;红细胞内叶酸含量为 (337 5± 91 0 ) μg L。批内试验 :(1 2 4± 0 3) μg L ,CV =2 2 % ;批间试验 :(1 3 3± 0 6) μg L ,CV =4 7%。平均回收率 1 0 0 1 %。结论 96孔板微生物法微量测定叶酸其方法准确、灵敏度高、重复性好 ,操作简便、样本量微 ,适用于各种生物组织样本的检测     

武警某部战士、学员体重指数和腰臀围比值研究

目的 :了解部队超重现状 ,为监测部队健康、指导膳食和训练提供基础资料。方法 :以体重指数 (BMI)作为评价体脂含量指标 ,以腰臀围比值 (WHR)作为评价体脂分布指标。结果 :(1)武警部队战士、学员BMI均值男性为 (2 2 .4 9± 2 .0 6 )kg·m- 2 ,女性为 (2 0 .96± 4 .72 )kg·m- 2 ;WHR均值男性为 0 .80± 0 .0 7,女性为 0 .72± 0 .0 6 ;BMI和WHR均值都有男性高于女性的性别差异 (p <0 .0 5 )和北方籍高于南方籍的地区差异 (p <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )武警部队战士、学员BMI和WHR均值低于地方青壮年 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (3)依BMI >2 4kg·m- 2 作为判断超重的标准 ,超重率男性为2 0 .73% ,女性为 14.4 3%。超重人群的WHR均高于非超重人群 (p <0 .0 1)。结论 :武警部队战士、学员存在一定比例的超重现象 ,存在以中心型超重为主要特征的超重人群 ,对此应引起人们的关注     

High Dose of Caffeine Mouth Rinse Increases Resistance Training Performance in Men

Caffeine mouth rinsing (CMR) has been shown to enhance exercise performance. However, no studies have analyzed the effects of different dosages of CMR on muscular performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different dosages of CMR on strength (bench press 1 repetition maximum (1-RM)) and muscular endurance (60% of 1-RM repetitions to failure) in resistance-trained males. Fourteen resistance-trained males (age: 23 ± 2 years, height: 179 ± 3 cm, body mass: 83 ± 4 kg, BMI: 17 ± 2 kg/m²) completed four conditions in random order. The four conditions consisted of a mouth rinse with 25 mL solutions containing either 1% (250 mg) of CMR (low dose of CMR: LCMR), 2% (500 mg) of CMR (moderate dose of CMR: MCMR), 3% (750 mg) of CMR (high dose of CMR: HCMR) and sweetened water (placebo: PLA) for 5 s prior to a bench press strength and muscular endurance test. Maximal strength, muscular endurance, heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for each condition. There were no significant differences in strength (p = 0.30) and HR (p = 0.83) between conditions. HCMR significantly increased muscular endurance performance (p = 0.01) and decreased RPE values (p = 0.01). In conclusion, CMR did not affect bench press 1-RM strength performance, but muscular endurance responses to CMR seems to be dose-dependent.     

6～11岁杜氏进行性肌营养不良儿童与正常儿童下肢肌力对照分析

目的 比较6～11岁杜氏进行性肌营养不良(DMD)患儿与正常儿童下肢肌力差异,为开展DMD患儿的肌力训练提供科学依据。方法 2015年4月-2017年4月选择DMD患儿和正常儿童各20例,其中DMD患儿男19例,女1例;正常组男18例,女2例,两组儿童平均年龄均为(9.0±1.7)岁。采用手持式肌力测定仪(HHD)测定下肢髋、膝、踝等部位肌群肌力,比较DMD与正常儿童下肢肌群间及不同年龄间的肌力差异。结果 DMD组下肢肌力除足跖屈肌群以外均明显弱于正常组(P＜0.05);DMD组中6岁～组和9～11岁组各组肌群肌力差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在6岁～组中DMD患儿双侧髋外展和足趾屈肌力与正常组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),DMD组足趾屈肌力甚至高于正常儿童; 9～11岁组中DMD患儿除足趾屈肌群外髋屈曲、髋伸展、髋外展、膝屈曲、膝伸展和踝背屈肌群肌力都已经显著落后于正常儿童(P＜0.05)。结论 DMD患儿下肢肌群除足跖屈肌外均明显低于正常组儿童。开展DMD患儿下肢力量训练应关注所有肌群,在较大年龄组尤其需要重视髋膝伸展肌群。     

The “Fat but Fit” Paradigm and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Cluster Analysis

The fat but fit paradox has suggested that obese individuals with good fitness levels have lower cardiometabolic risk compared to individuals with normal weight but lower fitness levels. This paradigm has not been explored in the context of bone health. The aim of this study was to test whether categories of fat but fit paradigm assessed by body fat percentage and handgrip strength holds up in young adults and to analyze the relationship between fat but fit categories and bone outcomes. Cluster cross-sectional analyses of data from 499 young adults aged 18 to 30 from Toledo and Cuenca, Spain were conducted. Body fat percentage, handgrip strength, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and dietary nutrients such as, proteins, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin D were assessed. Cluster analysis of body fat percentage and handgrip z scores resulted in a classification of four clusters that could be interpreted according to Fat Unfit (FU), Unfat Unfit (UU), Fat Fit (FF) and Unfat Fit (UF) categories. ANCOVA models showed that young adults in clusters with higher handgrip strength levels (FF, UF) and with higher key bone nutrients levels (UF) had significantly higher total BMC values than their peers in the UU and FU cluster categories, after controlling for sex, age and height. This study provides two novel conclusions in relation to the fat but fit paradigm: first, it confirms the construct of the four clusters of body fat percentage and handgrip strength, and second, it reinforces the predictive validity of the fat but fit paradigm categories, indicating the positive effect, although it may not just be a causal relationship, of muscular strength and key bone nutrients on counteracting the negative effect of obesity on bone health.     

士兵体能的测量和评价

本标准是在调查和分析２２５０名陆军士兵有氧能力、心肺功能、肌力、身体素质和运动能力等２０余项体质参数的基础上制订的。该标准规定了男性士兵体能的评价等级，其中包括ＰＷＣ１７０、ＶＯ２ｍａｘ、肌力、台阶指数、身体素质和运动能力等参数的分级标准，适用于陆军和海、空军陆勤士兵的体能评价。     

杜氏肌营养不良儿童的运动功能与全身力量、年龄的相关性研究

目的 探讨杜氏肌营养不良(DMD)儿童的运动功能与全身肌肉力量及年龄的相关性,为更好地进行该病管理提供理论依据。方法 对2017年1月-2021年3月在深圳市儿童医院就诊且符合纳入标准的DMD患儿进行运动功能测试(MFM-32)、计时测试(仰卧站起测试、上4级阶梯测试、10 m走/跑测试)、Vignos评分、Brooke评分及全身的徒手肌力测试。采用Spearman相关性检验分析MFM各项分值与其他指标之间相关性,同时分析全身运动功能及肌力与年龄之间的关系。结果 共140名4~12岁DMD儿童患者被纳入研究,平均年龄(8.0±1.87)岁,MFM-32总分及D1区分值与下肢肌肉力量、计时测试、Vignos评分呈强-极强相关(r=-0.887~0.677,P<0.05);D2区分值与计时测试中等相关(r=-0.478~-0.423,P<0.05)),D3区的分值与其他指标不相关(P>0.05)。年龄与MFM-32总分及D1区分值、全身肌肉力量呈中等相关(r=-0.585~-0.468,P<0.05)),年龄与MFM-32 D2区分值不相关(P>0.05),与D3区呈弱相关(r=0.317,P<0.05)。结论 MFM-32的各项分值与全身肌肉力量、计时测试、Vignos评分及Brooke评分具有不同程度的相关性,可反映DMD患者的运动功能。儿童时期的DMD患者的下肢运动功能下降较明显,应首要加强其下肢运动功能及肌肉力量。     

Three novel serum biomarkers,miR-1, miR-133a,and miR-206 for Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy,Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy,and Becker muscular dystrophy

Objectives

Muscular dystrophies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited myogenic disorders. In clinical tests for these diseases, creatine kinase (CK) is generally used as diagnostic blood-based biomarker. However, because CK levels can be altered by various other factors, such as vigorous exercise, etc., false positive is observed. Therefore, three microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206, were previously reported as alternative biomarkers for duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, no alternative biomarkers have been established for the other muscular dystrophies.

Methods

We, therefore, evaluated whether these miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206 can be used as powerful biomarkers using the serum from muscular dystrophy patients including DMD, myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), and distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification assay.

Results

Statistical analysis indicated that all these miRNA levels in serum represented no significant differences between all muscle disorders examined in this study and controls by Bonferroni correction. However, some of these indicated significant differences without correction for testing multiple diseases (P < 0.05). The median values of miR-1 levels in the serum of patients with LGMD, FSHD, and BMD were approximately 5.5, 3.3 and 1.7 compared to that in controls, 0.68, respectively. Similarly, those of miR-133a and miR-206 levels in the serum of BMD patients were about 2.5 and 2.1 compared to those in controls, 1.03 and 1.32, respectively.

Conclusions

Taken together, our data demonstrate that levels of miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206 in serum of BMD and miR-1 in sera of LGMD and FSHD patients showed no significant differences compared with those of controls by Bonferroni correction. However, the results might need increase in sample sizes to evaluate these three miRNAs as variable biomarkers.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12199-014-0405-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Iron Beats Electricity: Resistance Training but Not Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Improves Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients during Caloric Restriction—A Randomized-Controlled Study

Caloric restriction (CR) and exercise are cornerstones in the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Recently, whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has emerged as a more time-efficient alternative to traditional resistance training (RT). However, the effects of WB-EMS compared to RT on cardiometabolic health in obese metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients performed during CR are still unclear. In total, 118 obese MetS patients (52.7 ± 11.8 years, BMI: 38.1 ± 6.9 kg/m²) undergoing CR over 12 weeks (aim: −500 kcal deficit/day) were randomly allocated to either WB-EMS, single-set RT (1-RT), 3-set RT (3-RT) or an inactive control group (CON). Primary outcome was MetS severity (MetS z-score). Secondary outcomes were body composition, muscle strength and quality of life (QoL). All groups significantly reduced body weight (~3%) and fat mass (~2.6 kg) but only 1-RT and 3-RT preserved skeletal muscle mass (SMM). All exercise groups increased muscle strength in major muscle groups (20–103%). However, only the two RT-groups improved MetS z-score (1-RT: −1.34, p = 0.003; 3-RT: −2.06, p < 0.001) and QoL (1-RT: +6%, p = 0.027; 3-RT: +12%, p < 0.001), while WB-EMS and CON had no impact on these outcomes. We conclude that traditional RT has superior effects on cardiometabolic health, SMM and QoL in obese MetS patients undergoing CR than WB-EMS.     

The impact of Ramadan observance upon athletic performance

Ramadan observance requires a total abstention from food and drink from sunrise to sunset for a period of one month. Such intermittent fasting has only minor effects upon the overall nutrition and physiological responses of the general sedentary population. Larger meals are consumed at night and in the early morning. Body mass usually remains unchanged, the total energy intake remains roughly constant, and there is little alteration in the relative consumption of protein, fats and carbohydrates. However, Ramadan observance may be of greater consequence for the training and performance of the competitive athlete, particularly when the festival is celebrated in the hotter part of the year and daylight hours are long, as is the case for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London, England. The normal sleeping time then tends to be shortened, and blood sugar and tissue hydration decrease progressively throughout the hours of daylight. Some limitation of anaerobic effort, endurance performance and muscle strength might be anticipated from the decrease in muscle glycogen and body fluid reserves, and a reduced blood glucose may cause a depressed mood state, an increased perception of effort, and poorer team work. This review considers empirical data on the extent of such changes, and their likely effect upon anaerobic, aerobic and muscular performance, suggesting potential nutritional and behavioral tactics for minimizing such effects in the Muslim competitor.