神经相关性自身抗体检测在神经精神性狼疮中的意义

目的 探讨神经相关性自身抗体在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)和神经精神性狼疮(NPSLE)患者血清或脑脊液中的敏感性和特异性,评价其在NPSLE诊断中的意义.方法 利用间接免疫荧光法分别以成神经瘤细胞株(SK-N-SH)、神经胶质瘤细胞株(U251)以及C57BL/10小鼠的大脑及脊髓切片为底物检测121例SLE患者、34例疾病对照组和34名健康对照组的血清及24例NPSLE患者和22例疾病对照组的脑脊液中抗神经元细胞抗体、抗神经胶质细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体.结果 SLE患者血清中抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体的阳性率(17.4%、25.6%和29.8%)明显高于类风湿关节炎(RA)患者以及正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),在SLE诊断中的特异性分别为98.5%、95.6%和100%;抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体均与SLE疾病活动性指数(SLEDAI)积分呈正相关,并与NPSLE患者的癫痫发作、头痛、急性意识障碍以及情绪失调、焦虑等症状的发生有关;NPSLE患者血清的抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体和抗脊髓抗体的阳性率(27.8%、38.9%和61.1%)明显高于无中枢神经系统受累的SEE患者(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);NPSLE患者的脑脊液中抗脑抗体、抗脊髓抗体的阳性率均为29.2%,与疾病对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);在NPSLE诊断中的特异性分别为100%和95.5%.结论 抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体对SLE诊断的特异性较高,但敏感性偏低;3种抗体均与SLE疾病活动性相关;血清中抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体是NPSLE诊断的较特异性抗体,抗脊髓抗体可能是诊断NPSLE较敏感的指标之一;脑脊液中的抗脑抗体、抗脊髓抗体对NPSLE的诊断更具有特异性.     

血清抗神经节苷脂抗体水平与系统性红斑狼疮患者临床特征的相关性研究

目的 初探血清抗神经节苷脂(GM1)抗体与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)临床特征的相关性.方法 采用改良酶联免疫双抗夹心(ELISA)法,对48例SLE患者血清中的抗GM1-IgM/IgG抗体和抗GQ1b-IgM/IgG抗体水平进行检测,同时检测10例类风湿关节炎(RA)、5例干燥综合征(SS)、1例混和性结缔组织病(MCTD)、1例多发性肌炎(PM)及97名健康对照(HC)的血清样品.对其中5例SLE患者随访3个月,比较前后血清抗体水平.48例SLE患者包括7例神经精神性SLE(NPSLE)与41例非神经精神性SLE(non-NPSLE)患者.以健康对照组99%参考值上限作为阳性界值,进行Fisher确切概率法x2检验、单因素方差分析、Dunnett t检验.结果 首先确立了中国人血清抗GMI-IgM/IgG抗体与抗GQ1b-IgM/IgG抗体的阳性界值,取99%参考值上限,分别为0.411、0.408、0.481和0.441.SLE患者血清抗GM1-IgG抗体水平显著高于对照组(0.33±0.09与0.27±0.05,P<0.05),而血清抗GM1-IgM抗体、抗GQ1b-IgM抗体、抗GQ1b-IgG抗体水平在各组中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).根据我们所建立的阳性界值,SLE患者血清抗GM1抗体阳性率为19%(抗GM1-IgM抗体为4%,抗GM1-IgG抗体为15%).血清抗GM1-IgM/IgG抗体、抗GQ1b-IgM/IgG抗体水平与SLE患者是否伴发神经精神性表现、抗dsDNA-IgG抗体阳性与否及治疗3个月前后SLE疾病活动指数均无明显关联(P>0.05).结论 SLE患者外周循环中存在对神经节苷脂GM1的免疫应答,并可能参与了SLE的发病过程.血清抗GM1抗体和抗GQ1b抗体水平和SLE临床特征无明显关联.     

抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸型受体亚型NR2a/2b抗体与神经精神性狼疮

目的 探讨抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸型(NMDA)受体亚型NR2a/2b抗体(抗NR2抗体)在神经精神性狼疮(NPSLE)患者免疫发病机制中的作用和意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测59例NPSLE患者、54例无神经精神症状的系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清及20例NPSLE患者脑脊液中抗NR2抗体的水平,评价抗NR2抗体与NPSLE的临床表现、病情活动度评分(SLEDAI)、抗dsDNA抗体水平、抗核糖体P蛋白抗体、抗核抗体(ANA)、抗Sm抗体的相关性.结果 59例NPSLE患者血清中的抗NR2抗体水平显著高于54例非NPSLE患者.同时2组患者SLEDAI评分、抗Sm抗体阳性率、抗dsDNA抗体水平及抗核糖体P蛋白抗体水平差异均有统计学意义;59例NPSLE患者中,15例器质性脑病(认知功能障碍、记忆力减退)患者血清中的抗NR2抗体水平显著高于其他NPSLE患者;20例NPSLE患者脑脊液中仅有2例抗NR2抗体高滴度阳性,二者血清中的抗NR2抗体同样高滴度阳性,此2例患者均表现为认知功能障碍、记忆力减退,二者预后差.结论 检测SLE患者血清中的抗NMDA受体亚型NR2a/2b抗体对于NPSLE具有初步筛选作用;在表现为认知功能障碍、记忆力减退的NPSLE患者的血清及脑脊液中存在高滴度的抗NMDA受体亚型NR2a/2b抗体.     

抗核糖体P蛋白抗体测定在神经精神狼疮中的意义

目的探讨抗核糖体P蛋白抗体在神经精神狼疮中的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附测定法，检测69份系统性红斑狼疮患者血清（包括神经精神狼疮患者35例，无神经精神症状狼疮患者34例）和12份神经精神狼疮患者脑脊液中的抗核糖体P蛋白抗体。结果血清中抗核糖体P蛋白抗体在神经精神狼疮患者中的阳性率为57％，在无神经精神症状狼疮患者中的阳性率仅为3％，二者在抗体水平和阳性率上差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。弥漫性神经精神狼疮患者抗体阳性率为67％，显著高于局灶性神经精神狼疮患者的14％（P〈0．05）。神经精神狼疮中20例抗核糖体P蛋白抗体阳性患者系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动指数显著高于15例阴性患者（P〈0．05）；阳性患者精神症状（类精神分裂症、抑郁症）出现率明显高于阴性患者（P〈0．05）。12例神经精神狼疮患者脑脊液中抗核糖体P蛋白抗体均为阴性。结论血清中抗核糖体P蛋白抗体水平与神经精神狼疮的精神症状及病清活动度高度相关。     

免疫和结缔组织疾病

20002147系统性红斑狼疮的脑脊液改变/蔡小燕…//J~东医学一1999.20(11)一868一869 检测结果为神经精神性狼疮(NPLE)18例的脑脊液细胞数、蛋白含量及免疫球蛋白(l gG、IgA)水平显著升高,抗核抗体阳性率增高。非NPLE组15例上述各项均低于NPI.E组(P<。·()5一().()()1)。两组脑脊液中糖及氯化物含量正常.allti一d、DNA抗体均阴性.CIC阳性率低。提示系统性红斑狼疮患者脑脊液的改变与神经系统受累的严重程度一致.检查脑脊液,尤其是一些免疫学指标,对NPLE诊断有重要意义。表2参5(李国芳) 20002148系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞…     

IgG型抗内皮细胞抗体在神经精神狼疮发病中的作用

目的探讨IgG型抗内皮细胞抗体（IgG-AECA）在神经精神狼疮（NPSLE）发生、发展中的作用及机制。方法采用免疫荧光法检测102例系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者（活动期62例,其中NPSLE 27例,非NPSLF35例,缓解期40例）的Ig,G-AECA。结果IgG-AECA的阳性率在活动期、缓解期患者分别为56．5％、22．5％（P〈0．05）。NPSLE者阳性率和滴度明显高于非NPSLE者（P〈0．05）。NPSLE患者治疗前明显高于治疗后（P〈0．05）。结论IgG-AECA在SLE发生中起重要作用,与病情活动密切相关;IgG-AECA可作为评估SLE系统损害、监测疾病活动性、制定合理治疗方案的指标。     

系统性红斑狼疮及有关的自身免疫疾病中血小板减少与抗心脂抗体的关系

作者应用改良的固相放射免疫法测定了116例系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus(?)SLE)和有关的自身免疫性疾病患者的抗心脂抗体。43例有血小板减少史或进行此项研究时血小板是减少的,两次测定血小板数均低于100 × 10~9/L,继发性血小板减少不在此列。43例中36例 SLE,3例原发性Sj(?)gren 综合征,2例类风湿性关节炎,2例混合性结缔组织病。其中31例(72%)IgG 抗心脂抗体水平升高,19例(44%)IgM 抗心脂抗体升高。无血小板减少的73例中28例(38%)IgG 抗心脂抗体升高。在IgG 抗心脂抗体最高的20例中16例(80%)有血小板减少史;IgM 抗心脂抗体升高的19例中11例(55%)有血小板减少;17例 IgG 和 IgM 抗心脂抗体同时升高。结果显示这类疾病患者 IgG 或 IgM 抗心脂抗体的升高与血小板减少之间有显著差异。血小板减少是 SLE 的并发症;其机制尚不清楚。     

抗心磷脂抗体与神经精神性狼疮

用酶联免疫吸咐试验检测神经精神性狼疮(NPLE)、非NPLE狼疮患者,非SLE脑血管疾病患者及正常对照者血清及脑脊液中抗心磷脂抗体(ACL抗体)。结果显示NPLE组ACL抗体阳性率在血清为90％,脑脊液为33％,非NPLE狼疮组ACL阳性率在血清为44％,脑脊液为8.3％,非SLE脑血管疾病组ACL阳性率在血清为50％,脑脊液为40％,无神经精神症状的非SLE手术患者,阳性率在血清及脑脊液均为0。ACL抗体在NPLE组与其它组之间(除非SLE脑血管疾病组脑脊液中ACL抗体)有显著差别,它的检测将有助于NPLE的临床诊断。     

神经精神狼疮的诊断和治疗

目的对神经精神狼疮患者的诊断和治疗进行临床总结。方法对83例SLE患者进行回顾性分析总结。42例为神经精神狼疮(NPSLE)患者;41例为无临床神经精神症状的SLE对照组。对两组病人实验室检查,包括血液:细胞计数、电解质、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂、血沉;免疫学检测:补体、抗dsDNA抗体、可提取的核抗原(ENA)、间接荧光抗核抗体(IFANA)、抗磷脂抗体等;尿:尿常规、24h尿蛋白;脑脊液:常规、生化、脑脊液压力、细菌、霉菌学检查、免疫球蛋白检测;影像学检查:脑电图(EEG)、脑CT、脑核磁共振。治疗:对于昏迷、癫痫大发作、急性意识障碍的重症NPSLE患者治疗的甲泼尼龙(MP)起始剂量约200~500mg/d;对于一般认知障碍、磷脂抗体综合征、局灶性NPSLE(FNPSLE)的泼尼松剂量约1~2mg·kg-1·d-1。当MP剂量渐减至100mg/d应及时适当应用环磷酰胺(CTX)、甲氨蝶呤(MTX)、硫唑嘌呤(AZA)等免疫抑制剂。统计学分析:Fisher's精确试验和t检验。结果临床症状方面,NPSLE和SLE对照组比较,面部红斑(71%∶44%)和皮肤/胃肠道血管炎的发生率(67%∶27%)差异有显著性(P<0.001)。血清学检测,两组比较,仅抗磷脂抗体(aCL)和/或抗β2糖蛋白1(β2GP1)差异有显著性,其发生率分别为43%和22%(P<0.05)。42例NPSLE患者,其中33例为弥漫性NPSLE(DNPSLE),9例为F     

子宫腺肌症患者静脉血及经血中抗子宫内膜抗体检测及意义

目的进一步明确子宫腺肌症的病因,提高其诊治水平。方法对212例子宫腺肌症患者（经手术及病理证实）外周血及月经血抗子宫内膜抗体IgM及IgG检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果外周血IgM阳性率为38.2%（81/212）,IgG阳性率为51.4%（109/212）,IgM＋IgG阳性率为34.9%（74/212）;月经血IgM阳性率为46.4%（13/28）,IgG阳性率为64.3%（18/28）,IgM＋IgG阳性率为39.3%例（11/28）。结论子宫腺肌症患者抗子宫内膜抗体水平较高,提示免疫因素参与了子宫腺肌症发生、发展;检测抗子宫内膜抗体有助于子宫腺肌症的诊断,外周血阳性率明显高于静脉血。     

Antiganglioside antibodies in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Antiganglioside antibodies (AGA) were determined in sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 50 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and age-matched normal controls. The SLE patients were subdivided according to the type of clinical manifestation into two groups: neuropsychiatric SLE and active SLE without neuropsychiatric manifestation. The presence of these antibodies showed a significant correlation between IgG AGA in the CSF and IgM AGA in the serum and neuropsychiatric SLE. Fifteen patients had this antibody in the CSF without detectable levels in the serum. No correlation was seen between anticardiolipin antibodies in the serum of CSF and neuropsychiatric SLE. The present work suggests that antibodies against gangliosides may be a marker for neuropsychiatric SLE and that intrathecal antibody production can result in the development of this manifestation.     

神经精神狼疮患者脑脊液层粘蛋白透明质酸测定的临床意义

目的探讨神经精神狼疮(NPLE)患者脑脊液(CSF)中层粘蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)含量变化及临床意义.方法采用放射免疫法测定了系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者67例(其中NPLE 31例,非NPLE 36例)CSF中LN、HA水平;同时检测非SLE所致的脑血管病23例、正常对照组39例脑脊液中LA、HA含量.结果NPLE组CSF中LN、HA明显高于正常对照组、非NPLE-SLE组和非SLE所致的脑血管病组(P＜0.01).治疗有效的NPLE患者CSF中LN、HA较治疗前明显下降(P＜0.05).NPLE患者血清LN、HA与CSF中的LN、HA经直线相关分析,二者呈正相关(P＜0.05).CSF中LN、HA与CSF压力、蛋白、细胞数呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论SLE患者CSF中LN、HA的测定对临床诊断及预测NPLE提供了帮助.GSF中LN、HA含量的改变在一定程度上反映了SLE患者神经系统损害的程度,其动态监测可作为NPLE疗效和预后判断的参考指标.     

Antibodies against gangliosides in patients with SLE and neurological manifestations.

Pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been clearly defined, and the search for pathogenic mechanisms has focused on the importance of several autoantibodies. There is increasing evidence that antibodies against gangliosides may have a pathogenic role in some neurological disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between antibodies against gangliosides and neuropsychiatric SLE. We found anti-type II ganglioside antibodies in two out of 32 patients with multiple sclerosis (6.25%) and in 10 out of 60 patients with SLE (16.6%); five of 17 patients with neurological abnormalities also had high levels of these antibodies (29.4%). Five of the 10 patients with SLE and positive antiganglioside antibody had only IgM antibodies, three had IgG antibodies and two had both isotypes. By chi-square analysis, the incidence of anti-type II ganglioside antibodies was not significantly higher in patients with symptoms related to the nervous system than in SLE patients without neurological involvement (P > 0.2). No clear correlation was found between antibodies against gangliosides and cardiolipin.     

The heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus is reflected in lack of association with cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles

The objective was to study the occurrence of autoantibodies and cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). In total, 28 consecutive patients with NPSLE and 16 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without neuropsychiatric involvement (non-NPSLE) were studied. IFN-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, soluble terminal complement complex (TCC), anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (anti-P) and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were measured in serum and CSF by immunoassays. Analyses of white blood cell differential count, CSF-albumin/serum-albumin ratio, IgG-index in CSF and isoelectric focusing in serum and CSF were also performed. CSF specimens from 23 healthy individuals were used as controls. IFN-alpha was elevated in the CSF of 5 of 28 NPSLE patients compared to three of 14 among the non-NPSLE patients. IL-6 was elevated in CSF in three of 26 NPSLE patients. Normal concentration of IL-10 was found in CSF in all 27 NPSLE-patients analysed. IFN-alpha in serum was elevated in 18 of 28 NPSLE patients. No distinct clinical phenotype was related to elevated cytokine concentration in serum or CSF. One patient with cerebral involvement complicated by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy displayed a very high IFN-alpha concentration in serum. High concentration of TCC was present in CSF from only one patient with systemic vasculitis and focal cerebral symptoms. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the diagnostic value of serum and CSF concentrations of IFN-alpha, IL-10, IL-6 and TCC is limited in unselected neuropsychiatric SLE, probably due to the heterogeneity of NPSLE pathogenesis.     

Association of psychiatric manifestations with antibodies to ribosomal P proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine whether elevated serum levels of antibodies to ribosomal P proteins (anti-P antibodies) are associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Additional experiments examined characteristics of these antibodies that might be associated with pathogenicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A large number of serum samples were collected from patients with SLE, control subjects with other rheumatic diseases, and normal individuals. At the time serum samples were obtained, patients with SLE were categorized according to the presence of psychosis, depression, and other manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Serum anti-P antibody activity was quantitated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing a synthetic peptide corresponding to the major P protein epitope. RESULTS: In a group of 79 normal individuals, mean (+/- SE) IgG anti-P activity was 0.01 +/- 0.003 and no individuals had values greater than 3 SD above the mean. Similar results were obtained measuring IgM anti-P activity. Normal levels were found in all sera from 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Of 119 patients demonstrating various patterns of antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibody activity, elevated anti-P levels were found only in patients with SLE. Overall, 19% of 269 patients with SLE demonstrated elevated levels of IgG or IgM anti-P antibodies, including 14% of 187 patients without and 29% of 82 patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations. The frequency of positive test results varied greatly depending on the nature of the CNS involvement. The frequency in patients with severe depression (n = 8) and psychosis (n = 29) was 88% and 45%, respectively, compared with only 9% in patients with nonpsychiatric neurologic disease (n = 45). For the entire SLE group, the odds ratio for the association of anti-P antibodies and severe psychiatric manifestations was 7.63 with a 95% confidence interval of 3.61 to 16.14. In a review of 187 patients with SLE originally classified as not having severe psychiatric disease, seven of 10 patients being treated with antidepressant medications had elevated levels of anti-P antibodies. In serial studies, the serum level of anti-P antibodies appeared to correlate with the activity of psychiatric disease and did not correlate with the activity of other manifestations of SLE. Anti-P antibodies in nearly all patients were IgG and directed primarily to the C-terminal 11 amino acids of the P protein. No difference in these characteristics was observed when patients with and without psychiatric manifestations were compared. Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were also obtained from eight patients with active neuropsychiatric disease. Even when expressed as a fraction of the total IgG present, anti-P activity was markedly lower in CSF than in serum. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of autoantibodies to the C-terminal region of ribosomal P proteins appear to be a specific marker for SLE, and are associated with both severe depression and psychosis in this disease. This assay is easily reproducible and may help distinguish SLE-induced psychiatric disease from that caused by other processes.     

Antineuronal antibodies and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus

Determination of antineuronal antibodies was carried out by a solid phase radioimmunoassay, in which the neuronal cells SK-N-SH were cultured as the target antigens, the positive rate in sera and CSF of neuropsychiatric SLE patients being 85% and 77.8% respectively, all with quite high level of antibodies. Although 66.7% sera of SLE patients without CNS involvement were also positive for the antibodies, yet the antibody levels of them were distinctly lower, and only 3 of them showed weak positive reactions in their CSF. It was shown that 90% of neuropsychiatric SLE patients with diffuse CNS manifestations had increased antineuronal antibodies, compared with only 20% in cases with local CNS involvements. The antibody levels both in sera and CSF decreased remarkably following the patients' recovery from the neuropsychiatric attack. It is concluded that the antineuronal antibodies might play a role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric lupus and the determination of them in CSF might be useful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neuropsychiatric lupus.     

Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide metabolites in neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To investigate systemic and intrathecal production of proinflammatory cytokines in relation to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nitric oxide (NO) release in patients with neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPLE). METHODS: Thirty patients with NPLE rated as mild, moderate, or severe were studied and CSF was obtained from 21 of these. Cytokine mRNA expressing cells were detected by in situ hybridisation. Soluble cytokines were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nitrite and nitrate were determined by capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS: Patients with NPLE had high numbers of lymphocytes expressing mRNA for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interferon gamma, and interleukin 10 in blood. The number of peripheral blood TNFalpha mRNA positive cells correlated strongly with the level of NO metabolites in the CSF (r(2)=0.69). Both the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressing mRNA for TNFalpha as well as the CSF level of NO metabolites correlated with NPLE disease severity. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that increased peripheral production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha may contribute both to an increased production of NO in the central nervous system and to generation of clinical NPLE. The data also support the possibility that measurements of NO metabolites in CSF may be of value in the diagnosis of neurological symptoms related to SLE.     

Evaluation of cerebrospinal anticardiolipin antibodies in lupus patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations

To evaluate the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) in lupus patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations, paired measurements of aCL, in the serum and CSF, were performed using the ELISA method in lupus patients (n=31) and controls with other medical diseases (n=8). High titers of CSF IgG-aCL were detected in cerebral lupus patients with lupus headache, acute psychosis, cognitive impairment, high cortical dysfunction, and altered consciousness. Intrathecal synthesis, rather than the diffusion of IgG-aCL from serum to compartment of the central nervous system, occurred in these NPLE patients. The binding of aCL to brain components might play a role in the development of neuropsychiatric manifestations in cerebral lupus patients.     

Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins and neuronal antibodies in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus and related conditions

Neuronal antibodies found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be locally produced, or may enter through a damaged blood-brain barrier. We measured CSF serum/albumin and IgG ratios, oligoclonal banding, and paired CSF/serum neuronal antibody in 36 patients and 98 controls. Only 14% of SLE CSF contained neuronal antibodies; 80% of these had clinically overt neuropsychiatric manifestations. None of 73 patients with noninflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease had CSF-neuronal antibodies, compared with 8/61 with SLE or related inflammatory CNS disorders (p less than .001). In SLE, CSF neuronal antibodies were accompanied by high titer serum neuronal antibodies (p less than 0.03) or abnormal Q-albumin and occurred only when serum neuronal antibodies were present. CSF-neuronal antibodies appear to be related to immune-inflammatory CNS disease, especially SLE, and may traverse a damaged blood-brain barrier.