普外科病区护士工作倦怠状况调查分析

目的通过对普外科病区护士工作倦怠影响因素的调查,为制定预防和控制工作倦怠提供参考依据。方法采用护士工作倦怠量表调查某市104名普外科护士并分析其工作倦怠水平。结果普外科护士情感耗竭维度较常模高,而去人格化、个人成就感维度较常模低(P0.01);合同制护士情感耗竭维度高于编内护士(P0.05),已婚护士情感耗竭和去人格化的维度低于未婚护士,而个人成就感维度则高于未婚护士(P0.01);三级医院护士个人成就感优于二级医院(P0.01)。结论医院管理者应高度关注普外科护士的工作倦怠现象,给予人性化管理,以促进护理质量的提高。     

护士长领导行为与护士工作倦怠的关系

目的探讨护士长的领导行为与护士工作倦怠水平的关系。方法采用领导行为描述调查表（LBDQ-Ⅻ）和Maslach工作倦怠量表（MBI）对2家医院的214名护士进行调查。结果护士存在较高水平的工作倦怠,护士长关怀得分低于定规,护士长领导行为与护士工作倦怠相关,其中定规维度与情感耗竭、去人格化呈正相关关系,与个人成就感降低呈负相关关系。关怀维度与情感耗竭、去人格化呈负相关关系,与个人成就感降低呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论护士长在重视定规的同时应当加强对护士的关怀,以降低护士的工作倦怠水平,提高护理工作质量。     

儿科护士职业枯竭现状调查分析

目的：了解儿科护士职业枯竭的现状。方法：采用中文版MBI量表对湛江市二家三级甲等医院的80名儿科护士进行调查,调查结果与Maslach常模进行比较。结果：我市儿科护士情感耗竭维度的得分较Maslach常模高,而去人格化、个人无效感两个维度的得分都较Maslach常模低,经统计学处理,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。另儿科护士职业枯竭各维度平均分与Maslach耗竭程度比较显示：儿科护士的情感耗竭、个人无效感处于高度水平,去人格化处于低度水平。结论：儿科护士的职业枯竭程度较为严重,需要采取进一步措施来改变这种现状。     

低年资护士职业倦怠与角色认知的关系

目的了解低年资护士职业倦怠与角色认知之间的关系,为护理管理者落实护士分层管理、提高其职业成就感提供理论依据。方法采用Maslach职业倦怠量表（简称MBI）与角色认知量表,对在某市3家综合医院工作的400名低年资护士进行问卷调查。结果本调查共发放问卷400份,回收390份,回收有效率为97．5％。低年资护士在工作倦怠的3个维度得分[（19．61±7．80）分,（7．48±4．09）分,（19。56±6．18）分]均低于常模的[（23．02±10．29）分,（6．81±5．57）分,（28．55±9．34）分],两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t分别为-4．117,1．552,-13．707;P〈0．05）。低年资护士职业倦怠量表中情感耗竭得分（19．61±7．8）分为中度耗竭,去人格化得分（7．48±4．09）分为中度耗竭,低个人成就感得分（19．56±6．18）分为高度耗竭;角色认知为中等偏下水平。Pearson积差相关性分析结果表明,情感衰竭与角色冲突呈负相关（r=-0．297,P〈0．01）,去人格化与角色模糊及角色冲突分别呈正相关和负相关（r分别为0．218,0．299;P〈0．01）;低个人成就感与角色模糊呈负相关（r=-0．302,P〈0．01）。以低年资护士职业倦怠各分量表为因变量,以角色模糊中两个分量表得分为自变量进行逐步回归分析,结果表明,角色冲突对情感衰竭及去人格化有预测作用或影响;角色模糊对去人格化及低个人成就感有预测作用或影响。结论了解低年资护士角色认知水平、职业倦怠程度,以及两者之间的关系,有助于护理管理者有针对性的采取措施,减轻低年资护士职业倦怠程度,提高护理队伍的整体素质。     

心血管疾病专科医院护士工作倦怠及相关因素分析

目的调查心血管疾病专科医院护士工作倦怠状况,指导临床护理管理。方法选取某二级甲等心血管疾病专科医院护-：100名作为调查对象,应用工作倦怠量表进行调查。结果护士轻度、中度和重度工作倦怠检出率分别为24．00％、64．00％和8．00％。年龄36～45岁组护士的耗竭得分高于其他年龄组（P〈0．05）;工作年限16—25年组护士的耗竭得分高于其他组（P〈0．05）;本科护士成就感降低得分高于大专、中专护士（P〈0．05）;已婚护士的耗竭得分高于未婚护士（P〈0．01）。结论心血管疾病专科医院护士存在工作倦怠,管理者及护士本身应采取相应措施,提高心血管疾病专科医院护士的工作积极性,从而提高临床护理质量。     

精神科护士职业倦怠与人口学变量的相关性研究

目的探讨精神科护士职业倦怠与人口学变量之间的相关性。方法采用职业倦怠量表和自制一般情况问卷对160名护士进行调查。结果160名护士职业倦怠各维度分值均低于Maslaeh样本（P〈0．01）,职业倦怠重度检出率分别为情感耗竭占22．5％,去人格化占6．9％,低个人成就感占50％;男护士职业倦怠感高于女护士（P〈0．05）;年龄越大、技术职称越高情感耗竭越严重,单身护士、中专学历护士、护师个人成就感最低,6—15年护龄护士去人格化、低个人成就感最严重,合同制护士情感耗竭低于正式护士,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论精神科护士普遍存在职业倦怠,低个人成就感严重;且人口学变量不同,精神科护士职业倦怠感存在明显差异。     

济宁护士工作倦怠的现状及影响因素分析

目的了解济宁地区三甲医院护士的工作倦怠现状并探讨影响因素。方法采用工作倦怠问卷、护士工作压力源量表对184名护士进行调查。结果护士的工作倦怠检出率较高（89．1％）;情感衰竭、去人格化与护士工作压力源存在正相关（P〈0．001,P〈0．01）,个人成就感与护士工作压力源3个方面（护理专业及工作、病人护理、管理及人际关系）呈负相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;副主任护师职称、管理及人际关系方面的压力对情感衰竭和去人格化有稳定的正向预测作用,子女情况对去人格化维度有稳定的负向预测作用,病人护理方面的工作压力对情感衰竭有正向预测作用。结论不同的个人背景和工作压力源对护士工作倦怠的3个维度具有不同的预测作用,改善相关影响因素,有助于减轻护士的工作倦怠感。     

上海市三级甲等医院急诊科护士工作场所暴力情况与工作倦怠现状及相关性调查

目的探讨上海市三级甲等医院急诊科护士遭受工作场所暴力情况与工作倦怠的现状及二者之间的相关性。方法采用医院工作场所暴力调查问卷与工作倦怠问卷对上海市两家三级甲等医院急诊科的150名护士进行工作场所暴力和工作倦怠两个方面的调查,并分析两者的相关性。结果急诊科护士遭受工作场所暴力发生率为65．3％;本组护士的情绪衰竭、个人成就感丧失维度得分分别为（19．56±6．63）,（34．13±7．02）分,均高于常模的（22．19±9．53）,（36．53±7．34）分,差异均有统计学意义（t分别为3．281,3．776;P〈0．01）;本组护士与常模去人格化倾向维度得分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;遭受暴力组护士情绪衰竭、去人格化倾向维度得分分别为（20．13±8．65）,（7．53±3．03）分,均高于未遭受暴力护士组的（17．57±7．12）,（6．43±2．15）分,差异均有统计学意义（t分别为2．023,2．324;P〈0．05）;是否遭受暴力和年龄是情绪衰竭和去人格化倾向的影响因素,职称和年龄是个人成就感丧失的影响因素。结论急诊护士遭受工作场所暴力伤害可引起护士工作倦怠产生,采取减少暴力伤害的措施对减轻急诊护士工作倦怠是十分必要的。     

护士职业获益感对职业倦怠的影响研究

[目的]探索护士职业获益感对其职业倦怠的影响,以期为护理教育者、管理者引导护士感受职业获益、减轻职业倦怠、维护身心健康提供参考依据。[方法]运用Maslach倦怠量表和自行研制的护士职业获益感问卷对274名护士的职业获益感及其职业倦怠状况进行调查,并进行相关性分析。[结果]护士职业获益感总分为(138.45±17.25)分;职业倦怠中情感耗竭和去人格化维度得分高于常模,个人成就感维度得分高于常模;职业获益感与其职业倦怠量表中情感耗竭、去人格化维度得分呈负相关,与个人成就感得分呈正相关;职业获益感可解释情感耗竭、去人格化及个人成就感的31.6%、13.1%、9.2%的变异。[结论]引导护士感受职业获益感有助于减轻其职业倦怠程度,维护身心健康。     

急诊护士遭受工作场所暴力后对工作倦怠的影响

目的探讨急诊护士工作倦怠与遭受工作场所暴力之间的关系,为采取干预措施提供依据。方法采用护士职业倦怠调查表及遭受工作场所暴力情况问卷,对北京市4家三级甲等医院的166名护士进行调查。结果急诊护士遭受暴力组在情绪衰竭、去人格化、个人成就感丧失的维度得分高于未遭受暴力组,2组个人成就感丧失比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而情绪衰竭、去人格化比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。躯体冲突严重影响了护士的心理健康（P〈0．01）。结论工作场所暴力事件可以导致急诊护士工作倦怠的产生,对护士造成严重的心理伤害,应采取有效预防措施控制工作场所暴力的发生,减少护士对工作及患者的倦怠不满,确保护士的心理健康。     

急诊护士工作疲溃感及应对方式调查分析

目的:调查急诊护士的工作疲溃感情况,探讨工作疲溃感与应对方式及其他因素的关系,为减轻急诊护士的工作疲溃感,提高工作效率及护理质量提供依据。方法:使用Maslach工作疲溃感量表和简易应对方式问卷对北京市4家县级医院107名急诊护士进行问卷调查。结果:急诊护士的工作疲溃感处于中高度耗竭。积极应对方式与情绪枯竭(EE)、去人格化倾向(DP)呈负相关,与个人成就感(PA)呈正相关;消极应对方式与情绪枯竭(EE)呈正相关;健康状况、家庭支持、工作态度与情绪枯竭(EE)和去人格化倾向(DP)呈负相关;工作态度与个人成就感(PA)呈正相关。结论:护理管理者要重视并采取措施降低急诊护士的工作疲溃感,急诊护士应在生活和工作中采取积极应对策略以减轻疲溃感。     

我院急诊科护士职业倦怠现状调查

目的了解我院急诊科护士的职业倦怠状况。方法采用问卷调查法，对我院64名急诊科护士及256名其他科室护士的职业倦怠状况进行调查。结果急诊科护士与其他科室护士相比，在情感耗竭、去人性化和个人成就感降低3个维度上得分较高，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论急诊科护士的职业倦怠程度较为严重，需要采取多种措施改变这种状况。     

手术室护士工作疲溃感的调查与分析

目的探讨手术室护士的工作疲溃感的情况,为护理管理者减轻护士的工作疲溃感、提高工作效率及护理质量提供依据。方法使用Maslach工作疲溃感量表对100名手术室护士进行调查。结果手术室护士的工作疲溃感处于中高度耗竭,表现为情绪疲溃感和工作冷漠感为中度耗竭,而个人成就感处于高度耗竭。手术室护士工作疲溃感的程度高于普通病房的护士。结论护理管理者要重视手术室护士的工作疲溃感,从管理和个人角度减少或消除手术室护士的工作压力源,减轻工作疲溃感,提高护理服务质量。     

Burnout among hospital nurses in China

Aim  The aim of this study was to examine the level of burnout and factors that contribute to burnout in hospital nurses in the People's Republic of China.
Background  While burnout among hospital nurses has been widely researched in western countries, little research has investigated burnout among hospital nurses in China.
Method  A translated version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was used to measure burnout in 249 randomly selected nurses from various wards of a large teaching hospital in Beijing, China. Questionnaire packs were sent to the hospital wards where selected nurses worked. One hundred and twenty-eight nurses returned the completed questionnaire. The response rate was 51%.
Results  The results showed moderate levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Personal Accomplishment, and low levels of Depersonalization. Age, years of experience and professional title had a significant positive relationship with Emotional Exhaustion and Personal Accomplishment. Older, married nurses with more personal responsibilities and in a more senior position experienced higher levels of Emotional Exhaustion.
Conclusion  The findings suggest that burnout is a significant issue for nurses in China.
Implications for nursing management  The results of this study indicate that working environment factors such as relationships with coworkers and managers may contribute to or mitigate burnout. There is a need to address personal and professional support, life-work balance, personal accomplishment and educational programmes to reduce burnout in nurses working in China.     

Burnout in occupational therapists

Burnout is a job-related condition involving feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981a) is the instrument most widely used to measure job-related stress in human service professions, such as occupational therapy. This study explored the application of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for use with occupational therapists. The subjects were 99 registered occupational therapists residing in the southeastern United States. Mean scores lower than the aggregate occupational norms provided by the test's authors on the Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization subscales supported the need to develop specific norms for occupational therapists. Results of this study indicate that use of the aggregate norms would underestimate the level of experienced burnout. Correlational analyses delineated significant relationships between age and Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, education and Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, years of work as an occupational therapist and Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment, years in the present position and Personal Accomplishment (intensity only), hours of direct patient contact and Emotional Exhaustion (intensity only), and hours of direct patient contact and Depersonalization (frequency only). These correlates of burnout furnish clues for understanding the development of work-related stress in occupational therapists.     

精神科与综合科护士工作倦怠及心理健康状况研究

目的通过对精神科与综合科护士工作倦怠和心理健康状况的比较,为制订预防、干预措施、提高护理质量提供依据。方法采用护士工作倦怠量表、症状自评量表对165名精神科护士和145名综合科护士进行调查,并分析其工作倦怠水平与心理健康状况。结果精神科护士情感耗竭、去人格化因子分均低于综合科护士（P〈0．01）,个人成就感因子得分二者差异无统计学意义。精神科护士心理健康水平略高于综合科护士,强迫症状、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性因子得分差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论精神科护士工作倦怠、心理健康水平总体好于综合科护士。     

Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff: questionnaire survey

AIM: This paper is a report of a study to determine the burnout level and its correlates in nurses. BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers and especially nurses are generally considered a high risk group regarding work stress and burnout and this syndrome has been a major concern in the field of occupational health. METHOD: The study was carried out at a university hospital in Turkey during May-June 2005. A total of 418 nurses from the 474 working at the hospital at the time (88.2%) answered a self-administered questionnaire including the Maslach Burnout Inventory. FINDINGS: All the nurses were female, with a mean age of 30.6 (5.4) and a median age of 29 years. The mean score was 17.99(6.35) for the Emotional Exhaustion subscale, 5.72 (3.87) for the Depersonalization subscale and 19.83 (4.66) for the Personal Accomplishment subscale. Emotional Exhaustion decreased with increasing age (P < 0.05). Total time in the job, weekly working hours, shift-working and the unit where employed influenced burnout scores (P < 0.05). Not being happy with relations with superiors, not finding the job suitable, feeling anxious about the future, perceived poor health, problems with personal life and financial difficulties were also factors influencing burnout scale scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to consider nurses having the characteristics shown as the correlates of burnout in this study as a target group, to screen periodically the burnout status and improve their working conditions, especially relationships with colleagues.     

武警某部医院护士职业倦怠状态的调查分析

目的 了解武警某部医院护士职业倦怠的状况.方法 便利抽取武警某部医院护士126名作为主要研究对象,便利抽取地方某二级甲等医院各科室护士142名作为对比研究对象.采用Maslach职业调查通用量表(MBI-GS)进行调查.结果 武警某部医院护士在情绪衰竭和情感疏离维度上存在中等程度的倦怠水平,但在低自我价值感维度上未达到倦怠水平.在低自我价值感维度上,部队医院护士倦怠水平低于地方护士(P＜0.05);而在情感疏离维度上,部队护士倦怠水平高于地方护士(P＜0.05).不同岗位、工龄、职称的部队医院护士职业倦怠比较,差异有统计学意义;临床科护士在情绪衰竭和情感疏离维度上的倦怠水平高于非临床科室(P＜0.05);在低个人成就感维度上,小于5年工龄的护士职业倦怠水平高于其他工龄组的护士(P＜0.05);在情感衰竭及低自我价值感维度上,初级职称的护士职业倦怠水平高于高级职称的护士(P＜0.05).结论 针对武警部队医院护士职业倦怠水平的状况,应该有针对性地采取干预措施解决护士的职业倦怠问题,从而提高护士的心理健康水平.     

Mediación de la resiliencia entre burnout y salud en el personal de Enfermería

AimsTo determine the relationships between 3 burnout dimensions (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Reduced Personal Accomplishment), health (physical and mental health), and resilience, as well as to analyse the mediator role of resilience in relationships between burnout and health in a sample of Nursing staff.MethodA correlational and cross-sectional study with probabilistic sampling was conducted on a sample of 194 Nursing staff of University Hospital of Fuenlabrada (Madrid), and composed of nurses (n = 133) and nursing assistants (n = 61). Instruments: MBI-HSS (burnout syndrome), SF-12v1 (physical and mental components of health), 10-Item CD-RISC (resilience), and sociodemographic variables.ResultsCorrelational analyses showed that mental health was negatively related with 3 burnout dimensions and positively with resilience. Furthermore, physical health was only negatively related with Emotional Exhaustion, and positively with resilience. Mediational analyses revealed that resilience mediated, on one hand, the relationship between Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization with mental health (partial mediation) and, on the other hand, the relationship between Reduced Personal Accomplishment and mental health (total mediation).ConclusionsResilience is not only important to improve the mental health of Nursing staff, but also to buffer and minimize the negative consequences of the occupational stress to which they are at risk, with its most adverse result being signs of burnout. Therefore, resilience training should be promoted to improve nursing clinical practice.     

门诊护士职业倦怠与工作压力、社会支持的相关性分析

目的探讨综合性医院门诊护士职业倦怠现状及其与工作压力、社会支持的相关性。方法利用职业倦怠量表、工作压力量表、社会支持量表,以简单随机抽样方法抽取江苏省盐城市3所综合性医院,对其中86名门诊护士进行调查,采用SPSS11．7软件对反馈数据进行统计分析。结果86名门诊护士中25．58％处于高度情绪衰竭状态,53．49％处于中度情绪衰竭状态;11．63％处于高度去人格化状态,75．58％处于中度去人格化状态;8．14％感到较低的个人成就感,75．58％感到中度的个人成就感。中专、大专、本科护士职业倦怠中情绪衰竭维度得分分别为（21．70±7．28）,（26．02±7．52）,（21．33±8．39）,三者比较差异有统计学意义（F=3．67,P〈0．05）;职业倦怠中情绪衰竭、个人成就感与工作压力相关（r分别为0．277,-0．262;P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,情绪衰竭与社会支持呈负相关（r=-0．555,P〈0．01）。结论综合性医院门诊护士职业倦怠程度较高,本身工作压力的降低及获取更多的社会支持能缓解其职业倦怠感。