瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病合并慢性心力衰竭患者临床疗效及血浆脑钠肽的影响

目的 观察瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病合并慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF)临床疗效及血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平的影响.方法 80例冠心病并CHF患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例,对照组患者给予抗心力衰竭的常规治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗,每晚餐时服用20 mg,1次/d.两组均治疗6个月.两组分别于治疗前及治疗6个月后测定左室心功能指标及血浆BNP水平.同时观察临床症状、体征及药物不良反应.结果 治疗6个月后治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组的心功能指标及血浆BNP水平的改善均优于对照组(P<0.05,或P<0.01).结论 CHF患者在常规治疗同时加用瑞舒伐他汀治疗,可以显著降低血浆BNP水平,改善心功能.     

瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病合并慢性心力衰竭患者临床疗效及血浆脑钠肽的影响

目的 观察瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病合并慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF)临床疗效及血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平的影响.方法 80例冠心病并CHF患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例,对照组患者给予抗心力衰竭的常规治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗,每晚餐时服用20 mg,1次/d.两组均治疗6个月.两组分别于治疗前及治疗6个月后测定左室心功能指标及血浆BNP水平.同时观察临床症状、体征及药物不良反应.结果 治疗6个月后治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组的心功能指标及血浆BNP水平的改善均优于对照组(P<0.05,或P<0.01).结论 CHF患者在常规治疗同时加用瑞舒伐他汀治疗,可以显著降低血浆BNP水平,改善心功能.     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对冠心病性心力衰竭患者血浆超敏C反应蛋白、N末端脑利钠肽前体水平影响

目的观察阿托伐他汀对冠心病心力衰竭患者心功能及血浆超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及N末端脑利钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平影响。方法选择本院于2013年6月至2013年12月收治的冠心病心力衰竭患者68例作为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组34例,两组均给予纠正心衰药物治疗,对照组给予阿托伐他汀治疗,剂量10 mg,观察组给予20 mg阿托伐他汀治疗,1次/d,连续12周,比较两组患者心功能及血浆hs-CRP及NT-pro BNP水平变化。结果观察组心功能改善总有效率33例(97.1%),明显高于对照组27例(79.4%),χ2=5.100,P<0.05。观察组hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP水平分别为(1.1±0.2)mg/L、(312.3±45.2)ng/ml,均低于对照组的(1.8±0.4)mg/L、(389.4±52.3)ng/ml,P<0.05。观察组左心室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣口舒张早期最大流速与舒张末期最大流速比率(E/A)分别为(45±1)%、1.32±0.04,均高于对照组的(41±2)%、1.09±0.05,P<0.05。结论阿托伐他汀可有效改善冠心病心力衰竭患者心功能,并具有降低血浆hs-CRP及NT-pro BNP水平作用,具有重要临床价值。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术前80mg阿托伐他汀治疗对炎性因子及心功能的影响

目的观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前80 mg阿托伐他汀治疗对患者术后6个月炎性因子及心功能的影响。方法连续入选STEMI患者163例,随机分为三组:A组(术前给予阿托伐他汀80 mg,术后给予40 mg/d,1个月后改为20 mg/d);B组(术前不服用阿托伐他汀,术后给予40 mg/d,1个月后改为20 mg/d);C组(术前不服用他汀类药物,术后给予阿托伐他汀20 mg/d)。三组患者分别于术前、术后7 d、1个月、6个月测定血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)水平及三组术后2 d、3个月及6个月左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)变化情况。结果三组患者术前hs-CRP及BNP水平无统计学差异;术后7 d时A组hs-CRP及BNP水平显著低于B组及C组(P<0.05),而B组与C组相比无统计学差异;术后1个月及6个月时,与C组相比,A组及B组hs-CRP及BNP水平显著下降,而A组又显著低于B组(P<0.05)。三组患者术后2 d及3个月LVEF组间比较无统计学差异;术后6个月时,与C组相比,A组及B组LVEF显著增高(P<0.05),而A组与B组之间无统计学差异。A组术后6个月LVEDD显著低于术后2 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组及C组组内比较无统计学差异。结论 STEMI患者急诊PCI术前负荷剂量阿托伐他汀治疗可以早期并持久地降低血清hs-CRP及BNP水平,降低炎症反应,抑制激活的神经内分泌系统,3个月时可以显著改善左心室收缩功能,6个月时有效逆转心室重构。     

氟伐他汀对扩张型心肌病患者心功能及C反应蛋白、血浆脑钠肽的影响

目的:观察短期应用氟伐他汀对扩张型心肌病(DCM)心力衰竭患者心功能及C反应蛋白(CRP)、血浆脑钠肽(BNP)的影响。方法:选择DCM心力衰竭患者40例,分为治疗组(20例)及对照组(20例)。对照组给予常规纠正心力衰竭药物治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用氟伐他汀80mg,每晚1次,疗程12周。测定治疗前后左心室舒张末内径(LVEDd)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、CRP、BNP的水平。结果:治疗12周后治疗组LVEF较治疗前显著提高(P<0.05),NYHA心功能分级较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组LVEDd有缩小趋势,但与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组CRP、LDL-C、TC水平较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组BNP水平有下降趋势,但与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前后治疗组TC、LDL-C水平与LVEF均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:短期应用氟伐他汀可降低DCM心力衰竭患者CRP水平,改善心功能,...     

阿托伐他汀对急性心肌梗死患者血浆脑钠肽水平及心功能的影响

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平、左心室收缩功能的变化及阿托伐他汀干预的影响.方法 选择2006年10月至2008年12月入住我院心内科的AMI患者80例,完全随机分为2组.①常规治疗组38例,患者在无用药禁忌的情况下应用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)类药物和β受体阻滞剂、硝酸酯类、低分子肝素及阿司匹林等治疗.②阿托伐他汀组42例,在常规治疗的基础上给予阿托伐他汀片20 mg口服,每晚1次,服药时间为3个月.③选择同期经冠状动脉造影和超声心动图证实无器质性心脏病的成年人20名为健康对照.经超声心动图检测80例AMI患者以及20名健康对照者的左心室舒张末内径(LVEDd)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS);应用电化学发光法测定其血浆BNP的浓度.观察测定2组AMI患者治疗前(梗死后24 h内)、治疗后3周、治疗后3个月LVEDd、LVEF、LVFS和血浆BNP浓度.统计学分析采用SPSS12.0软件包.结果 ①常规治疗组、阿托伐他汀组AMI患者在治疗3周时LVEDd、LVEF及LVFS与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.11、1.39、1.82,2.19、1.44、2.07,P均＞0.05);在治疗3个月时LVEDd、LVEF及LVFS与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.55、6.40、7.58,18.01、22.37、20.78,P均＜0.01),阿托伐他汀组与常规治疗组治疗3个月时比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为7.61、8.89、5.43,P均＜0.05).②2组AMI患者在梗死后24 h内血浆BNP水平均高于健康对照组;AMI患者在治疗3周和3个月时与治疗前比较BNP水平明显下降,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.58、7.06、6.29、7.24,P均＜0.01),阿托伐他汀组与常规治疗组治疗3周、3个月比较血浆BNP水平下降,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.28、8.11,P均＜0.05).③2组AMI患者治疗后3个月血浆BNP水平与LVEF呈明显负相关(r1=-0.48,r2=-0.58,P均＜0.01).结论 ①AMI患者血浆BNP水平的改变早于心脏结构的变化.②长期应用阿托伐他汀可以改善AMI患者心功能,降低血浆BNP水平,逆转心室重构.③血浆BNP水平可作为评价AMI心功能及预后的观察指标.     

加倍剂量瑞舒伐他汀治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的安全性及对患者心功能、氧化应激程度影响

目的探讨使用加倍剂量的瑞舒伐他汀对老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心功能、氧化应激反应程度的影响及用药安全性。方法将135例符合CHF诊断标准的患者均分为3组,入组者均采用辅酶Q10及瑞舒伐他汀进行治疗,A组瑞舒伐他汀为5 mg/次,B组为10 mg/次,C组为20 mg/次。测定3组短轴缩短率(FS)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、每搏量(SV),以及氧化应激反应指标血浆丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、髓过氧化酶(MPO);对比3组临床疗效;记录3组不良反应情况。结果治疗后,3组心功能指标FS、LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD、SV均显著恢复(P0.05),且B组和C组FS、LVEF值均显著高于A组(P0.05),LVEDD、LVESD水平显著低于A组(P0.05),C组FS、LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD值均显著优于B组(P0.05);3组血浆氧化应激激素MPO、MDA水平均显著降低,抗氧化反应指标SOD、GSH-Px表达水平均显著升高(P0.05),但A组各项氧化应激反应指标表达水平与治疗前比变化无显著差异(P0.05);而B组、C组均显著优于治疗前(P0.05),且C组MPO、MDA显著低于A组、B组,SOD、GSH-Px均显著高于A组、B组(P0.05)。A组与B组总有效率无显著差异(P0.05),C组总有效率显著高于A组和B组(P0.05);3组总不良反应发生率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论使用20 mg瑞舒伐他汀联合辅酶Q10可更有效改善CHF患者心功能,促进抗氧化体系恢复,抑制机体氧化应激反应水平。     

不同他汀类药物治疗早发冠心病急性心肌梗死患者疗效观察

选取106例早发冠心病急性心肌梗死患者。随机分为对照组和观察组各53例。两组患者均给予基础性治疗,对照组加用阿托伐他汀治疗,观察组加用瑞舒伐他汀治疗。对比两组患者治疗前后血脂改善情况及心功能改善情况。治疗前,两组患者TG、HDL-C、LDL-C和TC水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组TG、TC和LDL-C水平低于对照组,HDL-C水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者LVEF、LVEDV、FMD水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者LVEF、FMD水平明显提高,LVEDV水平明显降低,且组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀治疗早发冠心病急性心肌梗死患者的疗效确切,可明显改善患者的心功能,但瑞舒伐他汀的降脂效果优于阿托伐他汀,值得临床推广使用。     

阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病慢性充血性心力衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的观察阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者的疗效。方法将103例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,观察治疗前后NYHA心功能分级,同时以超声心动图检测左室舒张末期内径（LVED）、左室收缩末期内径（LVES）、左室射血分数（LVEF）及E/A比值;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定其治疗前后血浆中肿瘤坏死因数-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）;并以化学发光法测定B型利钠肽（BNP）水平等指标的变化来评估治疗效果。结果180 d后,阿托伐他汀治疗组与对照组比较LVEF、LVES、LVED、E/A存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）;TNF-αI、L-6、BNP均明显下降。结论在常规治疗的基础上加用阿托伐他汀治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭;有更好的临床疗效。     

阿托伐他汀对充血性心力衰竭的治疗作用及对TNF-α、IL-10水平的影响

目的:研究不同剂量阿托伐他汀对充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的治疗作用以及对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平的影响。方法:60例CHF患者分为3组,对照组(n=18)常规予强心、利尿和血管扩张剂治疗,小剂量阿托伐他汀组(n=20)在前者基础上加用阿托伐他汀片(10mg/d),大剂量阿托伐他汀组(n=22)则在基础治疗上加用阿托伐他汀片(40mg/d),各治疗8周。观察治疗前后心功能NYHA分级、心脏超声指标、血清TNF-α和IL-10水平的变化。结果:经8周治疗后,3组的临床症状及心功能均有所改善,阿托伐他汀组的心脏超声指标改善与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01),大剂量阿托伐他汀组的疗效更为显著;无论小剂量还是大剂量阿托伐他汀组的血清TNF-α水平均较对照组明显降低,而IL-10水平则明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:在常规治疗的基础上加用阿托伐他汀可以更好地改善CHF患者的心功能,大剂量者疗效更为显著。阿托伐他汀能明显降低血清TNF-α水平,升高IL-10水平,这可能是阿托伐他汀治疗CHF的机制之一。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.