沙利度胺联合三氧化二砷和维甲酸治疗低危骨髓增生异常综合征

目的:观察沙利度胺联合三氧化二砷和维甲酸治疗低危骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的疗效和不良反应.方法:49例低危MDS患者均为难治性贫血(RA),分为两组,A组使用三氧化二砷和维甲酸,B组除该两种药物外还联合使用沙利度胺.比较两组的疗效,观察沙利度胺的副反应.结果:A组总有效率为39.1%,缓解率为26.1%;B组总有效率为75.0%,缓解率为54.2%,两者均为显著差异(P＜0.05).A组血红蛋白(Hb)增加大于30 g/L的平均时间为135.9±23.7天,B组为93.8±33.5天,差异非常显著(P＜0.005).A组平均红细胞输注量为18.1±8.0单位,B组为10.6±7.0单位,差异也有显著性(P＜0.005).沙利度胺的主要不良反应是嗜睡、便秘和水肿.结论:沙利度胺联合三氧化二砷和维甲酸治疗低危MDS优于仅用三氧化二砷和维甲酸,且毒副作用小,值得临床推广使用.     

三氧化二砷联合沙利度胺治疗骨髓增生异常综合征的初步临床观察

目的初步观察三氧化二砷联合沙利度胺方案治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的疗效及不良反应。方法共14例患者,7例给予三氧化二砷及反应停治疗,另7例仅给予对症处理及输血等支持治疗。结果接受治疗的7例患者中3例达PR,2例获得血液学改善。无严重不良反应。结论三氧化二砷联合沙利度胺是一种可选择的治疗MDS的方法,病人耐受性好。     

沙利度胺联合环孢素A治疗骨髓增生异常综合征临床分析

目的观察沙利度胺联合环孢素A治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的疗效。方法所有MDS患者均接受十一酸睾酮基础治疗;治疗组35例,予以沙利度胺联合环孢素A治疗;对照组32例,予以环孢素A治疗;比较两组的疗效和不良反应。结果治疗6个月时治疗组有效率为74.3%,对照组为59.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。没有发现严重的药物不良反应。结论沙利度胺联合环孢素A治疗MDS疗效明显,且用药安全。     

小剂量阿糖胞苷联合沙利度胺治疗骨髓增生异常综合征疗效观察

目的探讨小剂量阿糖胞苷联合沙利度胺治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的临床疗效。方法选取2010年1月1日至2014年1月1日收治的40例MDS患者,随机将其分为对照组及观察组,分别采取常规治疗、小剂量阿糖胞苷联合沙利度胺治疗。观察两组患者的疗效、疗效维持时间、不良反应等指标。结果治疗后,观察组及对照组的总有效率分别为90.0%(18/20)及75.0%(15/20),观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者经过治疗后,其复发、丧失疗效、转为髓系白血病人数及疗效维持时间经过对比后,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者骨髓抑制及肝功能损伤发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小剂量阿糖胞苷联合沙利度胺治疗MDS患者,疗效显著,安全有效。     

促红素与沙利度胺治疗骨髓增生异常综合症74例疗效分析

分析骨髓增生异常综合症采用促红素与沙利度胺联合治疗的疗效。选取我院2014年3月~2016年11月收治的骨髓增生异常综合症患者74例,随机分为2组,每组37例。对照组采用沙利度胺治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用促红素治疗。比较两组临床疗效和不良反应率。观察组不良反应发生率(10.81%)明显低于对照组(29.73%),总有效率(91.89%)明显高于对照组(72.97%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。促红素与沙利度胺治疗骨髓增生异常综合症疗效确切,能显著降低不良反应发生率,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

环孢素联合沙利度胺在骨髓增生异常综合征治疗中的应用探究

目的探究环孢素联合沙利度胺在骨髓增生异常综合征治疗中的应用。方法将60例骨髓增生异常综合征患者随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组患者给予环孢素联合沙利度胺治疗,对照组患者给予环孢素治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果。结果实验组患者的治疗有效率(93.3%,28例)比对照组患者的治疗有效率(80.0%,24例)要高出很多,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者的不良反应发生率(3.3%,1例)与对照组患者(6.7%,2例)相差不大,其差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于骨髓异常增生综合征患者,采取环孢素联合沙利度胺的治疗方式,可以取得更加有效的治疗效果,且不良反应少。     

阿糖胞苷、阿柔比星联合粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗骨髓增生异常综合征的临床研究

目的 探讨阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)、阿柔比星(Acla)联合粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选择2011年1月至2013年1月,深圳市第四人民医院收治的初治MDS患者56例为研究对象.按照随机数字表法将其分为研究组(n=28)与对照组(n=28).研究组予以Ara-C、Acla联合G-CSF治疗,对照组按照标准化方案治疗.对两组的临床疗效、外周血常规结果及骨髓细胞原始比例、不良反应发生情况、巩固及维持治疗及生存情况进行统计学分析.本研究征得受试对象的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书.两组患者的年龄、性别构成比、病程、疾病类型构成比及危险分型构成比与治疗前白细胞计数、血小板计数、血红蛋白(Hb)水平、中性粒细胞(Neut)计数及骨髓原始细胞比例等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结果 ①研究组完全缓解(CR)率、治疗总有效率分别为50.0％(14/28)与82.1％(23/28),均显著高于对照组的32.1％(9/28)与53.6％(15/28),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②治疗后,研究组患者白细胞计数、血小板计数、Hb水平及Neut计数均显著高于对照组,骨髓原始细胞比例显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后,研究组组内白细胞计数、血小板计数、Hb水平及Neut计数较治疗前,均显著提高,骨髓原始细胞比例则显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后,对照组组内白细胞计数与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而血小板计数、Hb水平及Neut计数则均较治疗前显著提高,骨髓原始细胞比例显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③研究组Ⅲ～Ⅳ级骨髓抑制、肺部感染、口腔溃疡及胃肠道等不良反应发生率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(x2=12.847,17.044,7.212,14.684;P＜0.05).④研究组急性髓细胞白血病(AML)转化率(14.3％,4/28)显著低于对照组(25.0％,7/28),且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组患者中位总体生存时间(22.0个月)较对照组(18.2个月)显著延长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 应用Ara-C、Acla联合G-CSF治疗MDS,治疗疗效显著,不良反应较少.因本研究纳入样本量较小,该方案是否为安全、可靠的治疗方案而值得临床推广应用,尚需多中心、大样本的前瞻性随机对照试验进一步研究证实.     

乌苯美司联合沙利度胺对复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者IgG、IgA、骨髓瘤细胞水平变化的影响

目的探讨复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者以乌苯美司联合沙利度胺治疗的临床效果。方法选取2014年3月～2017年10月我院复发难治性MM患者63例,依照随机数字表法分观察组32例和对照组31例。对照组以沙利度胺治疗,观察组以乌苯美司联合沙利度胺治疗。比较两组疗效、治疗前后血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、血红蛋白、骨髓瘤细胞水平及不良反应。结果对比两组总有效率,观察组有效率为93.75%高于对照组的70.97%(P0.05);治疗后观察组血清IgG、IgA、骨髓瘤细胞水平均低于对照组(P0.05),血红蛋白水平高于对照组(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率40.63%(13/32)与对照组38.71%(12/31)对比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论复发难治性MM患者以乌苯美司、沙利度胺联合治疗能显著提高治疗效果,可进一步降低血清IgG、IgA、骨髓瘤细胞水平,提高血红蛋白水平,且不增加不良反应。     

低剂量沙利度胺联合VAD方案治疗老年多发性骨髓瘤临床观察

目的观察低剂量沙利度胺联合VAD方案治疗老年多发性骨髓瘤的疗效和不良反应。方法 55例老年多发性骨髓瘤患者随机分为2组,治疗组28例给予低剂量沙利度胺联合VAD（长春新碱＋阿霉素＋地塞米松）方案,对照组27例给予标准剂量VAD方案治疗,2组均28d为1个疗程,3个疗程后评估2组疗效和不良反应,并进行比较。结果治疗组有效率为82.14%,对照组为62.96%,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组治疗后M蛋白、骨髓浆细胞、尿素氮水平低于对照组（P〈0.05）,血红蛋白水平及卡氏评分高于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗组便秘、轻度嗜睡发生率高于对照组（P〈0.05）,其他不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论低剂量沙利度胺联合VAD方案治疗老年多发性骨髓瘤疗效满意,不良反应轻。     

沙利度胺联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的:观察沙利度胺联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效及不良反应.方法:54例患者随机分为治疗组(26例)及对照组(28例):治疗组采用GP方案加沙利度胺治疗,具体为吉西他滨1 000 mg/m2,静滴d1,8;顺铂75 mg/m2,d1-3,沙利度胺100 mg/d 口服,一周后加至200 mg/d.对照组采用GP方案化疗,剂量方法与治疗组相同.结果:治疗组和对照组的有效率分别为46.1%和32.1%,两者无显著差异(P ＞ 0.05),但中位肿瘤进展时间由3.4月延长至5.8月.患者生存质量明显提高.治疗组及对照组的毒副反应发生率无显著差异(P ＞ 0.05).结论:沙利度胺联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌显著提高疗效,毒副反应无明显增加.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.