煤工尘肺合并高血压患者肾损伤早期诊断的探讨

目的探讨尘肺高血压患者较敏感的、能早期反映高血压肾损伤的临床检测指标。方法选择尘肺合并高血压患者143例为观察组,同时根据内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)将观察组分为两个亚组即Ccr≥80 mL/min组(A组)36例和Ccr80 mL/min组(B组)107例,另选择单纯尘肺患者94例为对照组,检测尿素(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)等指标观察两组的比较结果。结果Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期及以上两组BUN、Scr、β2-MG检测指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察A组与对照组比较,BUN、Scr差异无统计学意义(P0.05),β2-微球蛋白明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察B组BUN、Scr、β2-MG各检测指标均明显高于对照组(P0.01);BUN检测指标阳性率为8.39%,Scr为6.29%,β2-MG为51.75%,β2-MG检测指标阳性率明显高于BUN、Scr检测指标。结论尘肺期别对尘肺高血压患者早期肾损伤无明显影响;尘肺高血压肾损伤早期β2-MG较传统检查项目BUN、Scr敏感。     

Cys C和Hcy联合检测对高血压患者早期肾损害的诊断价值分析

目的探讨高血压患者血清胱抑素C(Cys C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)联合检测对早期肾损害的诊断价值。方法据肾小球滤过率估计值(eGFR)将180例高血压患者分为肾功能正常组[A组,eGFR≥90mL/(min·1.73m2)],肾功能轻度下降组[B组,eGFR≥60~89mL/(min·1.73m2)],肾功能中度及重度下降组[C组,eGFR60mL/(min·1.73m2)];按血压水平分为高血压1级(140~159/90~99mm Hg),高血压2级(160~179/100~109mm Hg),高血压3级(≥180/110mm Hg);检测各组研究对象血清Hcy、Cys C、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿酸(UA)水平,分析Cys C、Hcy、BUN、Scr、UA对高血压患者诊断的阳性率。结果 B组血清Cys C、Hcy水平高于A组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血清Cys C、Hcy诊断各组高血压患者中的阳性率均超过75%,而Cys C和Hcy联合检测在诊断高血压3级组的患者的阳性率可达100%;高血压3级组血清Cys C、Hcy、BUN、Scr、UA水平均高于高血压1级、2级组;高血压2级组血清Cys C、Hcy高于1级组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Cys C和Hcy联合检测有助于发现高血压患者早期肾损伤,对早期诊治高血压肾病有重要的临床意义。     

Cys C测定对于肾脏疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨血清中胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys C)测定在肾脏疾病诊断中的临床意义。方法收集2013年9月至2015年9来该院就医的患者,测定58例早期肾病患者(A组)、50例肾功能不全患者(B组)和30例肾移植急性排斥期患者(C组)、40例肾衰竭患者(D组)、130例健康对照者(E组)血清Cys C、血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐清除率(Ccr)水平。结果 A组、B组、C组、D组的Cys C水平明显高于E组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);肾病患者中Cys C的阳性检出率明显高于Scr、BUN,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),提示它们反映肾脏受损程度的特异度和敏感度不同。结论肾病患者血清Cys C水平明显升高,并且随病情的发展其水平不断变化,血清Cys C与肾脏疾病的发生、发展密切相关,其特异度和敏感度均高于血清Scr、BUN,可以替代Ccr判断肾小球的滤过功能。     

肾功能指标联合检测对老年原发性高血压患者早期肾损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨尿β_2微球蛋白(β_2-MG)及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C(Cys C)联合测定对老年高血压早期肾损伤的诊断价值。方法选择72例老年高血压患者为研究对象,另选取35例体检健康者纳入对照组,将高血压患者根据尿微量清蛋白检测结果分为单纯高血压组(n=44)及早期肾损伤组(n=28),比较3组研究对象尿β_2-MG及血清Hcy、Cys C、血清肌酐(Scr)水平,以及各指标的诊断效能。结果 3组间Scr水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);早期肾损伤组患者血清Hcy、Cys C及尿β_2-MG水平均显著高于单纯高血压组和对照组,且上述指标在单纯高血压组均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);血清Hcy、Cys C及尿β_2-MG联合检测灵敏度为71.43%,明显高于Hcy、Cys C及尿β_2-MG,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清Hcy、Cys C及尿β_2-MG水平可以从不同方面反映高血压早期肾损伤,三者联合检测更有助于提高老年高血压早期肾损伤的检出率。     

血清胱抑素C和β2微球蛋白检测在2型糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清胱抑素C(CysC)和β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)检测在2型糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的价值,并分析血清胱抑素C和β2微球蛋白与糖尿病病情发展的关系。方法选取我院2016年12月～2017年12月收治的糖尿病患者110例为观察组,根据尿白蛋白排泄率分为两个亚组:单纯糖尿病组65例(尿白蛋白排泄率30mg/24h)和早期糖尿病肾病组45例(尿白蛋白排泄率30～300mg/24h),另选取同期健康人群50例为对照组,观察各组CysC、BUN、Scr、β2-MG水平和阳性检出率,并分析相关性。结果早期糖尿病肾病组CysC、β2-MG水平明显高于对照组和单纯糖尿病组(P0.05);早期糖尿病肾病CysC、β2-MG检出阳性率均较高,分别为53.33%、51.11%,明显高于BUN、Scr检测阳性率(P0.05);单纯糖尿病组各指标检出阳性率均较低,但CysC、β2-MG检出阳性率仍明显高于BUN、Scr检测阳性率(P0.05);CysC、β2-MG与BUN、Scr、糖尿病病程均呈正相关。结论早期糖尿病肾病患者血清CysC、β2-MG阳性检出率明显高于Scr和BUN,能更好的反映患者肾小球滤过功能,且与BUN、Scr、糖尿病病程均呈正相关,可作为糖尿病早期肾病的敏感性指标。     

血清胱抑素C联合β_2-微球蛋白对妊娠高血压患者早期肾脏损伤的临床研究

目的探究血清胱抑素C(Cys C)联合β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)对妊娠高血压(HDP)患者早期肾脏损伤的诊断价值。方法选取2013年9月至2014年7月该院接受治疗的54例HDP患者为观察组,选取同期该院检查的54例正常妊娠孕妇为对照组。比较2组研究对象妊娠中期(22~26周)和妊娠晚期(32~36周)血清Cys C、β2-MG、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)水平,并分析血清Cys C联合β2-MG的诊断价值。结果 2组研究对象血清Cys C、β2-MG、BUN、Cr均随孕周增加而上升。观察组妊娠中期和妊娠晚期的Cys C阳性率、β2-MG阳性率、Cys C+β2-MG阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组妊娠中期和妊娠晚期的Cys C、β2-MG、Cys C+β2-MG阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Cys C+β2-MG的灵敏度、特异度、约登指数分别为98.14%、96.29%、0.94。Cys C+β2-MG的灵敏度、特异度、约登指数均优于单独使用Cys C和β2-MG。结论采用血清Cys C联合β2-MG检测HDP患者早期肾脏损伤的灵敏度优于单独使用Cys C和β2-MG检测,具有十分重要的临床参考价值。     

血清胱抑素C对原发性高血压早期肾损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨血清胱抑素C(Cys C)在原发性高血压(EH)早期肾损害监测的临床应用价值,为临床诊断治疗提供理论依据。方法选择原发性高血压病人104例为研究对象,正常人群50例为对照组。所有入选者均测定血清Cys C、血清肌酐(Scr)、血清尿素氮(BUN)和尿肌酐(Ucr),算出肌酐清除率(CCR)并按身高、体质量校正。以简化的肾病膳食改良实验(MDRD)公式计算出的肾小球滤过率(GFR)作为诊断标准,比较Cys C、Scr、BUN和CCR与GFR的相关性。结果原发性高血压病各组与健康对照组比较,血清Cys C水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关系数的绝对值显示Cys C最高,Cys C与GFR的相关性高于Scr、BUN、CCR与GFR的相关性。结论 Cys C优于其它GFR内源性指标,在常规检测Scr、BUN和CCR的基础上,联合应用Cys C可更早发现原发性高血压病患者肾功能的改变。     

血清胱抑素C在糖尿病肾功能检测中的意义

目的：对血清胱抑素C在糖尿病肾功能检测中的意义进行分析。方法选择2011年9月至2013年9月濮阳市人民医院收治的2型糖尿病肾病患者28例与单纯2型糖尿病患者30例，另选择同期体检健康者30例为对照组，对比3组患者尿素氮（BUN）、血清胱抑素 C（Cys C）、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）与血肌酐水平（Scr）。结果单纯糖尿病组与糖尿病肾病组 Cys C、β2-MG、BUN、Scr 均显著高于对照组，糖尿病肾病组 Cys C、β2-MG、Scr 显著高于单纯糖尿病组，两组 BUN 间差异无统计学意义。结论在糖尿病患者肾功能检测中，Cys C 具有重要意义，可作为评价患者肾功能的重要指标。     

HIF-1α、Cys C、β2-MG水平在COPD患者早期肾损伤中的表达及其意义

[目的]探讨血清低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者早期肾损伤中的表达及临床意义.[方法]选择2012年1月至2016年1月本院收治的老年COPD患者95例(COPD组),依据氧分压(PaO2)分为轻、中、重度缺氧(A1、A2、A3)三组,依据肺动脉收缩压分为无肺动脉高压及有肺动脉高压(B1、B2)两组,另选取医院同期体检健康者30例为对照组,ELISA法检测血清HIF-1α、Cys C、β2-MG水平,全自动生化分析仪检测肾功能指标肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)及视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP),估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)并比较分析各指标变化.[结果]COPD组血清HIF-1α、Cys C、β2-MG水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),eGFR低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组SCr、BUN、RBP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HIF-1α、Cys C、β2-MG水平比较,对照组0.05);HIF-1α、Cys C、β2-MG水平比较,对照组相似文献   

多指标联合检测诊断颅脑损伤致早期肾损害价值

目的探讨血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（cystatin C,Cys C）、尿微量白蛋白（microalbuminuria,mAlb）、β2-微球蛋白（microglobulin,MG）、α1-MG单独及联合检测诊断颅脑损伤致早期肾损害的价值。方法检测颅脑损伤致早期肾损害患者62例（颅脑损伤组）、同期体检健康者80名（对照组）血清Cys C,mAlb,β2-MG,α1-MG水平,比较4项指标单独及联合检测诊断颅脑损伤致早期肾损害的阳性率。结果颅脑损伤组血清Cys C,mAlb,β2-MG,α1-MG水平均高于对照组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;4项指标联合诊断颅脑损伤致早期肾损害的阳性率为88.71%,高于Cys C（66.13%）,mAlb（56.45%）,β2-MG（62.90%）,α1-MG（53.52%）单独诊断阳性率（P〈0.01）。结论 Cys C,mAlb,β2-MG,α1-MG联合检测有助于颅脑损伤致早期肾损害的诊断。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.