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1.
目的探讨O形臂导航辅助经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定的准确性与安全性。方法回顾性分析7例经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定病人的临床及影像学资料。病人均在置钉结束后行O形臂系统3D扫描,按照Gertzbein-Robbins分级评估置钉的准确性。结果 7例病人在O形臂导航辅助下共置入29枚椎弓根螺钉,其中Gertzbein-Robbins分级A级23枚(79.31%),B级4枚(13.79%),C级1枚(3.45%),E级1枚(3.45%)。手术共置入29枚克氏针,其中1枚(3.45%)突破椎体前缘。术中无关节突关节受到破坏。1例出现置钉相关神经并发症行再次手术调整椎弓根螺钉。随访(8.29±2.43)个月,无钉棒置入后相关并发症。结论 O形臂导航辅助经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定具有较高的准确性及安全性。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨神经外科手术机器人在人体腰椎模型进行椎弓根螺钉置入的精准性。方法 利用O型臂影像系统对模型进行正侧位扫描,并三维重建,获取3D-CT数据,传入手术机器人系统,规划椎弓根螺钉的最佳进钉点和进钉方向。手术机器人系统利用3D-CT数据自动注册后,置入椎弓根螺钉。应用置钉前后的3D融合图像,按照Gertzbein-Robbins分级评估置钉的准确性。结果 共置入39枚椎弓根螺钉,其中37枚螺钉完全位于椎弓根内,2枚螺钉突破椎弓根的内壁2 mm以内。螺钉与原规划钉道的平均偏移距离为(1.45±0.67)mm。螺钉在进钉点的滑移方向:内下方16枚(41.03%),外上方6枚(15.38%),下方6枚(15.38%),外下方5枚(12.82%),内上方4枚(10.26%),内方1枚(2.56%),上方1枚(2.56%)。结论 神经外科手术机器人置入椎弓根螺钉具有较高的精准性。  相似文献   

3.
背景:近年来经椎弓根螺钉固定技术显著提高了脊柱固定强度和融合效率,但是椎弓根螺钉置入位置不佳可能损害脊髓和神经引起严重并发症。 目的:评估置入前CT扫描三维虚拟图像导航技术在脊柱椎弓根螺钉固定中的应用价值。 设计、时间及地点:前瞻性、随机对照观察,于2006-01/2008-12在中国医学科学院北京协和医院骨科完成。 对象:纳入因脊柱疾病行椎弓根螺钉固定的患者95例,导航组45例,常规组50例。 方法:将95例患者按随机数字表法分为2组,导航组术中在计算机导航技术辅助下置入椎弓根螺钉,常规组采用传统的解剖标志法结合术中透视定位置入椎弓根螺钉。 主要观察指标:比较2组间螺钉钉道准备时间、螺钉位置优良率及螺钉置入后并发症的发生率。 结果:导航组中36例患者共置入椎弓根螺钉206枚,优良率96.1%;有9例患者因故未能行导航。常规组50例患者共置入椎弓根螺钉285枚,优良率100.0%,无位置差的螺钉。2组患者的螺钉位置优良率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。导航组的钉道准备时间显著长于常规组[(360±22),(56±8) s,P < 0.01]。2组患者螺钉置入后均无并发症发生。 结论:与传统解剖标志定位法相比,应用置入前CT扫描三维虚拟图像导航技术置入椎弓根螺钉的精度无明显差异,且延长了手术时间,其在脊柱椎弓根螺钉固定中的应用价值有限。  相似文献   

4.
目的椎弓根螺钉固定是脊柱病变切除后稳定性重建的标准方法。常规术中透视监测行颈胸节段椎弓根螺钉固定具有相当挑战性,本文旨在就计算机导航辅助椎弓根螺钉固定技术进行初步分析。方法2005年1月至2006年3月在计算机导航系统辅助下,对21例患者(年龄17~63岁,平均43.4岁)共行102枚椎弓根螺钉固定。术前采用0.75mm薄层螺旋CT数据扫描并导入计算机工作站进行脊柱三维重建;术中进行工具注册和匹配后对椎弓根螺钉固定进行实时显示。术后所有病例均采用CT和X线平片随访监测效果。结果手术顺利,螺钉大小选择合适,102枚椎弓根螺钉中100枚螺钉(98%)固定位置及方向准确,2枚椎弓根螺钉突破椎弓根外壁距离小于2mm。所有操作均未发生血管和神经损伤并发症。术中透视次数及手术室人员所受X线辐射量明显减少。结论计算机导航辅助椎弓根螺钉固定是一项安全的手术,且手术精度高。  相似文献   

5.
目的探索使用神经导航技术进行脊柱内固定。方法在神经导航辅助下,对16例患者置入70根椎弓根(侧块)螺钉。通过术后X线摄片核实椎弓根螺钉置入的准确性。结果置入的70根椎弓根(侧块)螺钉长度和直径选择合适,其中68根(97·1%)固定位置及方向准确;早期曾有1根穿出至椎体前方(<1mm),未作处理;1根穿出至椎间盘,经翻修后固定情况良好。无神经和血管损伤症状。结论使用神经导航技术,可以前瞻性地判断置入椎弓根(侧块)钉的大小、位置,实时监测置入过程,提高置入的准确性和安全性。术中脊柱影像三维重建及注册配准对神经导航的准确性有较大影响。  相似文献   

6.
背景:在日臻成熟的椎弓根螺钉应用技术中,仅满足于将螺钉置入椎弓根中是不够的,而是应根据骨折复位固定要求寻求最佳置钉通道。 目的:验证经椎弓根内固定个体化治疗胸腰椎骨折的有效性和安全性。 方法:对50例胸腰椎骨折患者内固定前X射线片和CT片进行个体化矢状面及水平面椎弓根螺钉置入角、椎弓根横径、间距、钉道深度、椎体前后高、脊柱后凸角及椎管前后径测量,确定胸腰段椎弓根钉道个体优化置钉和复位的安全范围。术中结合解剖定位标志,C臂X射线机监控置钉并复位骨折椎体,确定复位结果。 结果与结论:置钉位置良好,角度及深度适中,内固定后骨折椎体复位高度、后凸角及椎管面积改善(P < 0.01)。经2~26个月随访,骨折均愈合。提示在胸腰段椎弓根钉道个体化影像测量安全范围内,优化置入椎弓根钉和复位是保证置钉内固定安全和椎体骨折复位合理而有效的方法。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗无神经症状的单节段胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法分别采用开放式椎弓根螺钉内固定术(16例)和微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术(22例)治疗38例无神经症状的单节段胸腰椎骨折患者,记录手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量和术后并发症,胸腰椎正侧位和过伸过屈位X线测量手术前后矢状位Cobb角和伤椎前缘高度,改良Macnab标准评价手术疗效。结果 38例患者手术成功率达100%,手术融合114个椎体节段,共植入228枚椎弓根螺钉。与开放式手术组相比,微创经皮手术组患者手术切口长度缩短[(10.55±1.23)cm对(18.50±2.50)cm,P=0.000]、术中出血量减少[(32.55±7.22)ml对(320.50±15.48)ml,P=0.000]、住院时间缩短[(6.55±1.50)d对(13.50±2.52)d,P=0.000],且无需引流。术后平均随访(4.65±1.24)个月,术后3个月时两组患者矢状位Cobb角较术前减小(P=0.000)、伤椎前缘高度较术前增加(P=0.000);开放式手术组总显效率为14/16,微创经皮手术组为86.36%(19/22),组间差异无统计学意义(P=1.000)。结论微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折具有手术创伤小、术中出血量少、恢复迅速等优点,近期疗效与开放式手术相似,但远期疗效尚待进一步研究。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨C_2下关节突螺钉的手术技术和临床经验。方法回顾性分析20例用C_2下关节螺钉代替C_2椎弓根螺钉与C_1侧块螺钉连棒固定患者的临床资料。对其术后影像及临床JOA评分进行评估。结果共植入23枚下关节突螺钉(3例双侧,17例单侧),除4枚突入椎间孔外口(小于1 mm),其他均准确植入。突入椎间孔螺钉未引起相关神经根性疼痛。患者术后JOA评分从术前的平均12.2分提高到术后的15.4分。枕颈植骨融合率为100%。结论对不适合C_2椎弓根螺钉的患者,C_2下关节突螺钉可以做为一个替代的选择。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨3D-Slicer联合sina软件辅助椎弓根置钉技术在椎管内肿瘤手术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年1月手术治疗的46例椎管内肿瘤的临床资料。术中应用3D-Slicer联合sina软件辅助定位置钉26例(观察组),徒手定位置钉20例(对照组)。术后行C臂、CT扫描,按照Gertzbein-Robbins方法评估置钉的准确性。结果 观察组术中射线量、单钉置入时间、术中出血量、术后术区引流量、术后住院时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组置钉穿破皮质骨发生率(16.38%)、不良置钉率(5.17%)、术中调整置钉率(18.10%)明显低于对照组(分别31.11%、13.33%、37.78%;P<0.05)。两组血管神经损伤及术后1年内钉棒相关并发症发生率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 与徒手定位置钉相比,3D-Slicer联合sina软件辅助椎弓根置钉,明显提高置钉的准确性,并具减少手术相关的副损伤,缩短住院时间。  相似文献   

10.
目的:为提高内固定置钉的一次成功率,利用辅助检查资料为寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉的置钉制定简单、实用的个性化方案。 方法:选择2002-01/2006-09解放军第二五一医院骨科患者31例。术中采用自制的寰枢椎定位导向器,根据寰枢椎椎弓根X射线-CT个体化测量的结果,确定进钉点、入钉的角度,选择直径及长度合适的椎弓根螺钉置入。寰椎椎弓根进钉点:左侧(19.93±1.32)mm,右侧(19.16±1.30)mm,寰椎椎弓根向内侧进钉角度:左侧(23.72±2.09)°,右侧(23.35±1.91)°,寰椎向头侧进钉角度(9.00±1.20)°。枢椎椎弓根进钉点:左侧(13.14±0.82)mm,右侧(13.85±0.79)mm。 枢椎椎弓根向内侧进钉角度:左侧(24.52±1.26)°右侧(20.42±1.42)°,枢椎向头侧进钉角度(25.00±3.00)°。 结果:①对31例患者置入124枚椎弓根螺钉,1次置钉成功122枚螺钉,正确率为98.39%,有2枚因内倾角偏差不够,穿破椎弓根的外侧骨皮质而改为2次定位。②2例术后出现枕大神经痛,经对症治疗1个月后痊愈,2例螺钉穿破寰椎左侧椎弓根外侧壁,未发现脊髓、椎动脉损伤。③所有患者X射线片显示寰椎完全复位,枢椎齿状突骨折处对位良好。CT片示螺钉与椎动脉的脊髓位置关系良好。④平均随访10.5个月,均获得骨性融合,未发现钉板断裂材料反应。⑤按JOA评分标准,优16例,良12例,可2例,差1例,优良率90.32%。 结论:X射线-CT个性化设计方案可提高寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉的置入成功率。  相似文献   

11.
ObjectiveTo improve pedicle screw placement accuracy with minimal radiation and low cost, we developed specially designed K-wire with a marker. To evaluate the accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screws placed using the novel guide-pin and portable X-rays.MethodsObservational cohort study with computerized tomography (CT) analysis of in vivo and in vitro pedicle screw placement. Postoperative CT scans of 183 titanium pedicle screws (85 lumbar and 98 thoracic from T1 to L5) placed into 2 cadavers and 18 patients were assessed. A specially designed guide-pin with a marker was inserted into the pedicle to identify the correct starting point (2 mm lateral to the center of the pedicle) and aiming point (center of the pedicle isthmus) in posteroanterior and lateral X-rays. After radiographically confirming the exact starting and aiming points desired, a gearshift was inserted into the pedicle from the starting point into the vertebral body through the center of pedicle isthmus.ResultsNinety-nine percent (181/183) of screws were contained within the pedicle (total 183 pedicle screws : 98 thoracic pedicle screws and 85 lumbar screws). Only two of 183 (1.0%) thoracic pedicle screws demonstrated breach (1 lateral in a patient and 1 medial in a cadaver specimen). None of the pedicle breaches were associated with neurologic or other clinical sequelae.ConclusionA simple, specially designed guide-pin with portable X-rays can provide correct starting and aiming points and allows for accurate pedicle screw placement without preoperative CT scan and intraoperative fluoroscopic assistance.  相似文献   

12.
目的 评估术中CT辅助下椎弓根固定技术的安全性和准确性。方法 回顾性分析2014年5月至2015年5月术中CT辅助下椎弓根固定手术治疗的39例脊柱脊髓疾病患者的临床资料,其中脊柱脊髓损伤6例,颅颈交界区畸形6例,脊柱退行性变14例,脊柱脊髓肿瘤13例;术后应用Gertzbein-Robbins分级评价螺钉植入的精确性。结果 椎弓根螺钉固定总数为112枚,术中根据CT影像进行位置修正的螺钉共38枚;其中脊柱脊髓损伤23枚,颅颈交界区畸形8枚,脊柱退行性变40枚,脊柱脊髓肿瘤41枚;颈椎 23枚,胸椎48枚,腰椎41枚。根据Gertzbein-Robbins分级0级105枚,1级5枚,2级2枚。术后发生切口感染4例、脑脊液漏2例、神经损伤1例,未发生与螺钉植入直接相关的并发症,也无二次翻修病例。结论 术中CT能够帮助术者在术中发现位置不良的椎弓根螺钉并对其进行修正,提高椎弓根螺钉植入固定术的精确性和安全性。  相似文献   

13.
应用椎弓根外内固定技术2004/2007年在中山大学附属第三医院骨科治疗34例患者,固定前采用CT加密扫描测量进钉点、进钉点至椎体前缘的深度、进钉角度和直径,固定中椎弓根钉入点为横突尖,进钉方向为平均向头侧倾斜10°~ 20°、与中线成角30°~40°,顺椎弓根外侧皮质进入椎体,固定后CT加密扫描观察螺钉周围的皮质骨是否完整、是否靠近节段血管、是否穿透皮质骨,评价置入钉的准确性和安全性。34例患者共置入160枚胸椎椎弓根螺钉,固定后CT加密扫描和X射线片观察到148枚(92.5% )螺钉置入准确,12枚(7.5%)螺钉发生错置。实验结果表明,胸椎椎弓根根外内固定与椎弓根内固定相比,具有更宽的置入宽度,更长的螺钉长度,以及更大的内聚角度,具有安全可靠、简单实用等优点,并具有生物力学优越性,是胸椎后路内固定的一种良好选择。  相似文献   

14.

Objective

The authors performed a retrospective study to assess the accuracy and clinical benefits of a navigation coupled with O-arm® system guided method in the thoracic and lumbar spines by comparing with a C-arm fluoroscopy-guided method.

Methods

Under the navigation guidance, 106 pedicle screws inserted from T7 to S1 in 24 patients, and using the fluoroscopy guidance, 204 pedicle screws from T5 to S1 in 45 patients. The position of screws within the pedicle was classified into four groups, from grade 0 (no violation cortex) to 3 (more than 4 mm violation). The location of violated pedicle cortex was also assessed. Intra-operative parameters including time required for preparation of screwing procedure, times for screwing and the number of X-ray shot were assessed in each group.

Results

Grade 0 was observed in 186 (91.2%) screws of the fluoroscopy-guided group, and 99 (93.4%) of the navigation-guided group. Mean time required for inserting a screw was 3.8 minutes in the fluoroscopy-guided group, and 4.5 minutes in the navigation-guided group. Mean time required for preparation of screw placement was 4 minutes in the fluoroscopy-guided group, and 19 minutes in the navigation-guided group. The fluoroscopy-guided group required mean 8.9 times of X-ray shot for each screw placement.

Conclusion

The screw placement under the navigation-guidance coupled with O-arm® system appears to be more accurate and safer than that under the fluoroscopy guidance, although the preparation and screwing time for the navigation-guided surgery is longer than that for the fluoroscopy-guided surgery.  相似文献   

15.
背景:目前各种下颈椎椎弓根置钉方法的准确率报道不一,特别是国内常用的椎板部分切除置钉法、Abumi法、管道疏通法缺乏比较。 目的:探讨下颈椎(C3~7)经椎弓根螺钉内固定的可行性,比较椎板部分切除置钉法、Abumi法、管道疏通法在置钉满意率、出血量、置钉时间、并发症等方面的差异。 方法:选择60例需颈后路经椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗的下颈椎疾患病例,随机分成3组,各置入椎弓根螺钉80枚,分别采用椎板部分切除置钉法、Abumi法及管道疏通法。术中计算各方法置钉时间、出血量;出院前观察置钉满意率及在颈椎椎弓根四壁损伤例数的构成比;比较C3~7每一节段的椎弓根外侧壁损伤发生率。 结果与结论:椎板部分切除组、Abumi组及管道疏通组置钉时间依次递减(P < 0.05),置钉满意率依次递增(P < 0.05)。3组间置钉出血量及颈椎椎弓根四壁损伤例数的构成比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),椎弓根损伤好发生于外壁。C4、C5节段外壁损伤发生率明显高于C3、C6、C7。提示管道疏通法在经颈后路椎弓根螺钉内固定常规置钉法中优势明显。  相似文献   

16.
PurposeTo investigate intraoperative reinsertion of percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) with intraoperative CT-based navigation and to evaluate the rate of deviation of PPS at postoperative radiographic examination.MethodsSeven hundred sixty-three screws were inserted in 138 patients. We investigated the rate of occurrence of intraoperative PPS reinsertion after the diagnosis of screw deviation by fluoroscopy and the causes of each screw deviation. The subsequent distribution of PPS deviation was evaluated by postoperative CT. We also assess the difference in variance between the group judged to be PPS misplaced intra-/postoperatively (IOD group/POD group) and appropriate PPS placement (ND group).ResultsAmong all the screws inserted, 10 (1.3%) were diagnosed as being deviated by fluoroscopy during surgery, and 74 (9.7%) screws were found to be deviated at postoperative CT evaluation. We found more pedicle screw mismatch in the POD group than in the ND group (52.7 vs 11.0%, P < 0.001). The distance between the screw and the reference was greater in the IOD group than that in the ND group (1.4 ± 1.2 vs 2.4 ± 1.1 vertebral levels, P = 0.016). In one patient in the IOD group, a motor function deficit was observed postoperatively.ConclusionPPS fixation under intraoperative CT-based navigation did not prevent screw deviation completely. It is necessary to consider errors that occur during surgery and to confirm placement with real-time assistance such as fluoroscopy even in a surgery performed under CT navigation assistance.  相似文献   

17.

Background and purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an in vitro simulation of intraoperative vertebroplasty on embedded pedicle screws resistance to pullout. This method involved an application of acrylic cement into the vertebral bodies only after pedicle screws implementation.

Materials and methods

For the purpose of conducting this research, the authors used the spines of fully-grown pigs. The procedure was as follows: firstly, the pedicle screws were bilaterally implemented in 10 vertebrae; secondly, cancellous bone was removed from vertebral bodies selected for screws augmentation and lastly it was replaced by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Six vertebrae with implemented pedicle screws served as a control group. The pullout strength of thirty-two screws (20 augmented and 12 control) was tested. All screws were pulled out at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min.

Results

The PMMA-augmented screws showed a 1.3 times higher average pullout force than the control group: respectively 1539.68 N and 1156.59 N. In essence, no significant discrepancy was determined between average pullout forces of screws which were pulled as first when compared with consecutive contralateral ones.

Conclusions

An in vitro simulation of intraoperative injection of PMMA in the vertebral body instrumented with screws (intraoperative vertebroplasty) resulted in enhancing its pullout strength by 33%. Pulling of one of the pedicular screws from the augmented vertebral body did not affect the pullout resistance of the contralateral one.  相似文献   

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