Heterotopic ossification in rehabilitation patients who have had internal fixation of an acetabular fracture

High-energy trauma patients often have multiple injuries and are frequently seen by a physiatrist following their acute care. Acetabular fractures are common in this patient population. Following surgical treatment of acetabular fractures, a very high incidence of heterotopic ossification can occur. We describe 94 patients who underwent posterior surgical fixation of an acetabular fracture. Of these, 87 received heterotopic ossification prophylaxis in the form of irradiation or indomethacin; 5 did not receive prophylaxis. Seven of the 45 patients who were initially started on indomethacin had their medication discontinued for various reasons. Of the 12 patients who did not receive adequate prophylaxis, 5 developed disabling heterotopic ossification. We present our experience with this patient population, and we discuss the importance of adequate prophylaxis for heterotopic ossification.     

髋关节术后关节周围大量异位骨化的治疗

目的：通过对髋关节术后异位骨化的发生、发展及其引起的后果的分析，探讨对异位骨化的预防和治疗方法。方法：回顾2000年1月至2007年3月56例患者患者髋关节手术（其中髋臼骨折手术46例，髋关节置换术10例）的治疗方法和效果。结果：56例患者中共发生异位骨化21例，发生率37．5％。结论：髋关节术后异位骨化应早预防，早期行放射治疗或者药物治疗。非甾体类消炎药是目前公认的预防人工髋关节置换和髋臼骨折术后异位骨化形成的最有效药物。手术切除是异位骨化形成后导致严重关节功能障碍的唯一治疗手段     

生物止血材料在妇产科手术中的应用

背景：良好的生物敷料或纱布可直接促进凝血过程,不仅可用于广泛渗血创面,且在一些常用的妇产科手术中能有效降低渗血率。目的：评价不同生物止血敷料及纱布的材料学性能及应用于妇产科切口的生物相容性,寻找符合不同切口创面需要的止血材料。方法：采用电子检索的方式,在万方数据库（http：//www.wanfangdata.com.cn/）中检索1999-01/2011-04有关妇产科生物止血材料应用的研究文章,关键词为＂妇产科,生物材料,止血敷料,纱布,胶原/壳聚糖＂,排除重复研究、普通综述或Meta分析类文章,筛选纳入30篇文献进行评价。结果与结论：近几年国内外生物医用可吸收止血材料主要包括纤维蛋白胶、壳聚糖、明胶海绵、氰基丙烯酸酯类组织胶、氧化纤维素和氧化再生纤维素等。各种止血性伤口急救材料都有各自的特点,但在妇产科应用的选择上,应考虑多方面因素,包括手术部位、出血部位、切口形态大小、不同渗/出血情况的填塞要求、不同止血材料的自身性能及与机体的相容性等。但因目前尚无完全符合理想标准的材料,因此开发新的快速止血和与宿主相容性良好的止血材料及复合材料势在必行。     

胶原壳聚糖医用海绵疗效特征探讨

AIM: To investigate the hemostaaia effect of hemostasis sponge of collagen and chitosan compound invitro and in vivo. METHODS: The hemostasis sponge of collagen and chitosan compound was made by mixing collegen I ertracted by enzymelytic methods and crosslinked by glutaric dialdeiyde and then lyophilized. The New Zealand rabbit were created with a 1 cm×1 cm wound in the center artery of the ear. The center artery of the ear were transected and record the hemostasis time since pressured with hemostasis sponge of collagen and chitosan compound and observe its effects. In other experiements, 1 cm×1 cm bleeding wound were established in the liver of the rabbit Then pressured with hemostasis sponge of collagen and chitosan compound on the wounds and record the hemostasis time; The four comer of the hemostasis sponge of collagen and chitosan compound were sutured to investigate the absorption situation with the control of gelatin treated with same procedures. RESULTS: The bleeding time using hemostasis spon     

美洛昔康与吲哚美辛防治全髋关节置换后异位骨化的比较

背景：为了避免全髋关节置换后发生异位骨化,常使用吲哚美辛等非类固醇类消炎药进行预防治疗。 目的：对比观察美洛昔康与吲哚美辛对全髋关节置换后预防异位骨化药物的效果。 方法：收集2010至2011年广州中医药大学第一附属医院骨科收治的51例患者,其中9例患者行双侧全髋关节置换,所有患者均由同一位医师采用后外侧入路进行关节置换。根据患者置换后使用的药物不同,分为对照组及实验组,分别在置换后口服吲哚美辛缓释片25 mg/d＋奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊20 mg/d或美洛昔康片15 mg/d。 结果与结论：单独使用美洛昔康和使用吲哚美辛＋奥美拉唑对关节置换患者异位骨化的发生率、疼痛、改良D＇Aubigne和Postel评分的差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,但美洛昔康的胃肠道不良反应较少。因此,认为单独服用美洛昔康能够有效避免异位骨化的发生及缓解疼痛,可以作为预防全髋关节置换后异位骨化及疼痛的推荐用药。     

Comparison of homecare costs of local wound care in surgical patients randomized between occlusive and gauze dressings

Aims and objectives. To study the material and nursing costs and outcome of wound care at home comparing two dressing groups (occlusive vs. gauze‐based) in surgical patients after hospital dismissal. Background. The large variety in dressing materials and lack of convincing evidence make the choice for optimum local wound care at home cumbersome. Occlusive wound dressings require a lower change frequency than gauze‐based dressings, which appears especially useful for homecare patients and could save costs. Methods. We investigated a consecutive series of 76 patients with wounds, included in a randomized trial comparing occlusive vs. gauze dressings. Daily dressing change frequency, consumption of dressing materials and need for district nursing visits were recorded until wound closure by means of diaries and at outpatient visits. Costs were expressed as means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after calculation using non‐parametric bootstrapping. Results. Patient groups were similar regarding age, wound size and aetiology. Dressing change frequency in the occlusive group (median: 0·6/day) was significantly (p = 0·008) lower than in the gauze group (1·1/day). Mean daily material costs of modern dressings were €5·31 vs. €0·71 in the gauze group. Mean difference; €4·60 (95% CI, €2·68–€6·83) while daily total (material plus nursing) costs showed no difference between the groups; mean €2·86 (95% CI, €?6·50–€10·25). Wound healing in the gauze‐treated group tended to be quicker than in the occlusive dressing group (medians: 30 vs. 48 days, respectively; log‐rank p = 0·060). Conclusions. The use of occlusive dressings does not lead to a reduction in costs and wound healing time as compared with gauze dressings for surgical patients receiving wound care at home. Relevance to clinical practice. District nurses should reconsider using gauze‐based dressings, particularly in surgical patients with exudating wounds.     

Heterotopic ossification in patients after total hip replacement

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is defined as pathological bone formation in soft tissues, for example in muscles, where physiologically there is no osseous tissue present. It is one of the most common complications of total hip joint replacement surgery. A wide variety of risk factors for heterotopic ossification have been identified to date. Almost 90% of total hip arthroplasty patients are at high risk for HO. There are two primary methods of preventing heterotopic ossification: pharmacotherapy with NSAIDs (non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs) and radiotherapy. Symptomatic heterotopic ossifications are treated by extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and surgery, followed by NSAID pharmacotherapy or radiotherapy. The arterioles adjacent to areas of heterotopic ossification are usually embolized prior to the operation. This article describes the state of the art in the prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossifications based on the available literature.     

驻极体薄膜在烧伤创面的临床应用

目的 :观察FEP驻极体薄膜是否具有促进烧 (烫 )伤创面愈合作用。方法 :3 8例烧 (烫 )伤患者 ,浅Ⅱ°烧 (烫 )伤创面 2 6处 ,薄层皮片供皮区 12处 ,治疗面积 1%～ 3 %。实验组用 -70 0V驻极体薄膜覆盖创面 ,对照组分别用 0 0 5 %洗必泰液纱布及用凡士林纱布覆盖 ,外用多层纱布敷料包扎。结果 :与对照组相比创面疼痛明显减轻 ,点状出血增多 ,愈合提前 ;渗液印片检查治疗组创面中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞均较对照组提早出现且数量多 ;计算机灰度积分法计算结果 ,治疗组创面面积缩小率大于对照组。结论 :驻极体薄膜具有促进创面愈合作用。     

有孔牛羊膜联合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子覆盖Ⅱ度烧伤创面:与无孔牛羊膜及凡士林纱布的比较

目的:观察有孔牛羊膜联合运用重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子覆盖烧伤创面的临床效果.方法:选择以Ⅱ度烧伤创面为主的中小面积热力烧伤患者43例,试验创面面积为1%～2%,采用同体对照设计方法,将每例患者相同性质的创面等分为3份,分别应用有孔牛羊膜(治疗组),牛羊膜(对照组1),凡士林油纱布(对照组2)覆盖烧伤创面,3组均联合运用重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子.结果:治疗组与对照组1(P<0.01)和对照组2(P<0.05)相比能明显缩短以深Ⅱ度烧伤创面为主的创面愈合时间,而在治疗以浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面为主的过程中,治疗组与对照组2相比能明显缩短的创面愈合时间(P<0.01),而与对照组1相比没有明显差别(P>0.05).治疗组换药次数少、疼痛轻.3组均未出现皮疹及其他不良反应.结论:有孔牛羊膜覆盖烧伤创面及联合运用牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能加速烧伤创面的愈合.     

成纤维细胞生长因子生物蛋白海绵对创伤性溃疡修复的作用

背景成纤维细胞生长因子生物蛋白海绵对创伤性溃疡修复的作用已经受到关注.目的观察成纤维细胞生长因子生物蛋白海绵对创伤性溃疡的修复作用及可能发生的不良反应.设计分组对比观察.单位暨南大学医学院生理教研室.对象选择2004-03/05暨南大学第一附属医院收治的皮肤创伤性溃疡患者40例,排除糖尿病及全身感染者,创伤性溃疡均位于小腿.随机分为试验组20例,对照组20例.干预措施试验组20例用无菌成纤维细胞生长因子生物蛋白海绵,对照组20例用无菌凡士林油纱布.更换敷料1次/d,至创面愈合止.全身和局部均不使用影响创面生长的药品.于换药1,2,3周对创面愈合情况进行评估(创面分泌物分为无、少量、中量及多量;创面边缘反应分为无、轻度、中度及重度)记录创面愈合后的色素沉着及瘢痕情况.主要观察指标两组患者溃疡愈合时间、创面愈合过程及不良反应.结果两组共40例患者均进入结果分析.①两组患者治疗后创面愈合情况试验组3周内愈合率显著高于对照组[95%(19/20),55%(11/20),X2=8.533,P＜0.05]试验组创面分泌物及创周炎性反应明显轻于对照组创面;两组创面均未发现明显不良反应及瘢痕.结论成纤维细胞生长因子生物蛋白海绵可促进创伤性溃疡面愈合,缩短愈合时间,且无瘢痕及明显不良反应,是一种安全、方便、无刺激的理想敷料.     

Brain injury severity and autonomic dysregulation accurately predict heterotopic ossification in patients with traumatic brain injury

OBJECTIVE: To assess brain injury severity, autonomic dysregulation and systemic infection as risk factors for the occurrence of heterotopic ossification in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Historic cohort study. SETTING: Radboud University Medical Centre. SUBJECTS: All consecutively admitted patients with severe traumatic brain injury (admission Glasgow Coma Scale score 8 or less) during the years 2002-2003. MAIN MEASURES: The development of clinically relevant heterotopic ossification, defined as painful swelling of joints with redness and decreased range of motion, confirmed radiographically. RESULTS: Seventy-six (64%) of the 119 patients survived and were eligible for further follow-up. Nine patients (12%) developed 20 symptomatic heterotopic ossifications, in one or more joints. Patients with heterotopic ossification had sustained more severe brain injuries, compared to the group without heterotopic ossification. The mean coma duration in the heterotopic ossification group was 28.11 days (SD 20.20) versus 7.54 days (SD 7.47) in the patients without heterotopic ossification (P < 0.001). The occurrence of autonomic dysregulation (relative risk (RR) 59.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.39-422.36), diffuse axonal injury (RR 20.68, 95% CI 4.92-86.91), spasticity (RR 16.96, 95% CI 3.96-72.57) and systemic infection (RR 13.12, 95% CI 3.01-57.17) were all associated with an increased risk of developing symptomatic heterotopic ossification. However, only autonomic dysregulation had a high positive (88.9%, 95% CI 51.7-99.7) and negative (98.5%, 95% CI 91.9-99.9) predictive value with regard to heterotopic ossification. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of autonomic dysregulation may predict the chance of developing heterotopic ossification in patients with severe head injury.     

Promotion of diabetic wound healing by collagen scaffold with collagen‐binding vascular endothelial growth factor in a diabetic rat model

Aims: Studies show that VEGF can promote tissue regeneration in diabetic wounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new composite biomaterial, a collagen scaffold with CBD‐VEGF, for wound healing in a diabetic rat model. Materials and methods: We produced a collagen scaffold loaded with CBD‐VEGF, which allowed VEGF to bind to the collagen scaffold. The diabetic rat model was constructed by injecting streptozocin (STZ) peritoneally and removing a 2 x 2.5 cm thick slice of skin from the back of the animal. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: blank control (BC Group, n = 24), collagen scaffold loaded with PBS (PBS Group, n = 24), collagen scaffold loaded with NAT‐VEGF (NAT‐VEGF Group, n = 24), and collagen scaffold loaded with CBD‐VEGF (CBD‐VEGF Group, n = 24). Wounds of the BC Group were covered with gauze and those of the PBS, NAT‐VEGF and CBD‐VEGF Groups were grafted by corresponding collagen scaffolds, respectively. Healing rates were calculated and compared among groups. Wound tissue was evaluated by histologic analysis. Results: The CBD‐VEGF group showed a higher wound healing rate, better vascularization and higher level of VEGF in the granulation tissue wound compared with NAT‐VEGF and PBS groups. Conclusions: The collagen scaffold with CBD‐VEGF promoted wound healing in a diabetic rat model, which could potentially provide better therapeutic options for the treatment of diabetic wounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

组织工程皮肤修复皮肤缺损成功率与手术方法的相关性

背景:皮肤缺损的常规修复方法多采用自体皮肤移植,需要健康供皮区且会遗留不同程度的瘢痕畸形。组织工程皮肤的成功构建并应用于临床,标志着皮肤缺损治疗的重大突破。目的:通过组织工程皮肤修复皮肤缺损,分析手术方法与愈合率的关系,为组织工程皮肤的临床应用提供实验依据。设计:随机对照观察。单位:解放军第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科,组织病理学教研室,组织工程实验中心。材料:实验于2003-10/2004-03在解放军第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔组织工程实验中心完成。选用2.5～3月龄健康清洁级约克猪6只,随机分为3组:组织工程全层组、组织工程真皮 自体表皮组、自体移植组,2只/。每只猪制作8个直径50mm的圆形皮肤缺损创面,16个创组面/组,共48个创面。方法:①制备组织工程全层皮肤和组织工程真皮。②组织工程全层组:沿画线自脂肪层切除全厚皮肤,彻底止血,以湿生理盐水纱布覆盖创面备用,此时取出组织工程全层皮肤并于组织工程皮肤上均匀打引流孔以利引流,用生理盐水冲去组织工程皮肤表面的培养液,使表皮层向上平铺于创面上,注意与创面间不能产生气泡。其上分别覆盖单层油纱布,生理盐水纱布、无菌干纱布、弹性海绵垫,每层厚度约为3～5mm,常规打包包扎,最后再以弹性绷带加压包扎。③组织工程真皮 自体表皮组:以同样方法切除全厚皮肤,将取下的皮肤用取皮鼓反取厚约0.1～0.2mm的刃厚表皮泡于生理盐水中备用。以同样方法取出处理组织工程真皮后覆盖于创面上,即刻覆盖自体刃厚表皮。其余处理同组织工程全层组。④自体移植组:切除全厚皮肤并去除脂肪组织后,回植于自体创面,覆盖各层敷料,加压包扎。⑤每次换药打开创面时,移植皮肤无感染、坏死、脱落且直径不小于3mm即为成活,否则即为失败。于术后4周统计各组创面成活率。主要观察指标:术后4周各组移植皮肤成活情况。结果:术后4周时,组织工程全层组移植皮肤成活率75%,组织工程真皮 自体表皮组移植皮肤成活率87%,自体移植组移植皮肤成活率94%,3组比较基本相似(χ2=2.34,P>0.05)。结论:组织工程皮肤移植修复皮肤缺损的效果与自体表皮移植接近,证明组织工程皮肤修复皮肤缺损是可行的。     

FE复合溶菌酶治疗烧伤后期感染残余创面的临床研究

目的确证FE复合溶菌酶对烧伤后期残余创面杀菌作用与促愈作用。方法选取笔者单位烧伤残余创面患者30例,随机分为治疗组,用无菌纱布浸湿FE复合溶菌酶后湿敷创面。对照组用庆大霉素盐水纱布湿敷创面,2次／d。于用药前后取创面分泌物培养,观察FE复合溶菌酶对创面细菌敏感率并观察愈合时间及肝肾功情况。结果FE复合溶菌酶应用3d后,能杀死残余创面中89．9％的细菌,治疗组愈合时间明显短于对照组。差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）使用后未见全身不良反应。结论FE复合溶菌酶治疗烧伤后期残余创面安全有效,可以有效控制残余创面感染,提高创面愈合率。     

MIP-1alpha as a critical macrophage chemoattractant in murine wound repair.

At sites of injury, macrophages secrete growth factors and proteins that promote tissue repair. While this central role of the macrophage has been well studied, the specific stimuli that recruit macrophages into sites of injury are not well understood. This study examines the role of macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), a C-C chemokine with monocyte chemoattractant capability, in excisional wound repair. Both MIP-1alpha mRNA and protein were detectable in murine wounds from 12 h through 5 d after injury. MIP-1alpha protein levels peaked 3 d after injury, coinciding with maximum macrophage infiltration. The contribution of MIP-1alpha to monocyte recruitment into wounds was assessed by treating mice with neutralizing anti-MIP-1alpha antiserum before injury. Wounds of mice treated with anti-MIP-1alpha antiserum had significantly fewer macrophages than control (41% decrease, P < 0. 01). This decrease in wound macrophages was paralleled by decreased angiogenic activity and collagen synthesis. When tested in the corneal micropocket assay, wound homogenates from mice treated with anti-MIP-1alpha contained significantly less angiogenic activity than control wound homogenates (27% positive for angiogenic activity versus 91% positive in the control group, P < 0.01). Collagen production was also significantly reduced in the wounds from anti-MIP-1alpha treated animals (29% decrease, P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that MIP-1alpha plays a critical role in macrophage recruitment into wounds, and suggest that appropriate tissue repair is dependent upon this recruitment.     

Human periodontal ligament stem cells on calcium phosphate scaffold delivering platelet lysate to enhance bone regeneration

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising for tissue engineering applications but have received relatively little attention. Human platelet lysate (HPL) contains a cocktail of growth factors. To date, there has been no report on hPDLSC seeding on scaffolds loaded with HPL. The objectives of this study were to develop a calcium phosphate cement (CPC)–chitosan scaffold loaded with HPL and investigate their effects on hPDLSC viability, osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral synthesis for the first time. hPDLSCs were harvested from extracted human teeth. Scaffolds were formed by mixing CPC powder with a chitosan solution containing HPL. Four groups were tested: CPC–chitosan + 0% HPL (control); CPC–chitosan + 2.66% HPL; CPC–chitosan + 5.31% HPL; CPC–chitosan + 10.63% HPL. Scanning electron microscopy, live/dead staining, CCK-8, qRT-PCR, alkaline phosphatase and bone minerals assay were applied for hPDLSCs on scaffolds. hPDLSCs attached well on CPC–chitosan scaffold. Adding 10.63% HPL into CPC increased cell proliferation and viability (p < 0.05). ALP gene expression of CPC–chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 7-fold that of 0% HPL at 14 days. Runx2, OSX and Coll1 of CPC–chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 2–3 folds those at 0% HPL (p < 0.05). ALP activity of CPC–chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 2-fold that at 0% HPL (p < 0.05). Bone minerals synthesized by hPDLSCs for CPC–chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 3-fold that at 0% HPL (p < 0.05). This study showed that CPC–chitosan scaffold was a promising carrier for HPL delivery, and HPL in CPC exerted excellent promoting effects on hPDLSCs for bone tissue engineering for the first time. The novel hPDLSC–CPC–chitosan–HPL construct has great potential for orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial regenerative applications.

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising for tissue engineering applications but have received relatively little attention.     

The effectiveness of using a lipido-colloid dressing for patients with traumatic digital wounds

This study compares the effect of a daily gauze dressing with that of a lipido-colloid dressing on the time taken to make up the dressing and efficacy of the management of traumatic digital wounds. This is a randomized controlled trial of 28 patients (16 experimental and 12 control) with injuries to their fingers and loss of tissue. The patients in the experimental and control groups were given a lipido-colloid dressing and a daily gauze dressing, respectively. The patients'wounds were assessed in terms of the size of the wound and the time it took for the wound to heal. The findings showed that patients in the experimental group had a faster recovery time from the healing of their wound than the control group (p= .024). The findings can help to establish an evidence-based practice in the management of traumatic digital wounds in clinical settings.     

Anesthesia with topical lidocaine hydrochloride gauzes in acute traumatic wounds in triage,a pilot study

BackgroundTopical application of lidocaine in wounds has been studied in combination with vasoconstrictive additives, but the effect without these additives is unknown. The objective was to examine use of lidocaine-soaked gauzes without vasoconstrictive agents, in traumatic wounds in adult patients, applied in triage.MethodsA prospective pilot study was performed during 6 weeks in the Emergency Department of a level 1 trauma center. Wounds of consecutive adult patients were treated with a nursing protocol, consisting of lidocaine hydrochloride administration directly into the wound and leaving a lidocaine-soaked gauze, until wound treatment. Primary outcome was need for infiltration anesthesia. Secondary outcomes were Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores, adverse events and patient and physician satisfaction.ResultsForty patients with a traumatic wound were included, 85% male with a wound on the arm. Thirty-seven patients needed a painful procedure as wound treatment. When suturing was necessary, 77% required additional infiltration anesthesia. Mean NRS pain scores decreased from 3.3 to 2.2 after application of the lidocaine gauze. No adverse events were recorded. Of the patients, 60% were satisfied with use of the lidocaine gauzes, compared to 40% of physicians.ConclusionLidocaine hydrochloride (2%) gauzes without vasoconstrictive additives cannot replace infiltration anesthesia in traumatic wounds.     

Morin incorporated polysaccharide–protein (psyllium–keratin) hydrogel scaffolds accelerate diabetic wound healing in Wistar rats

Chronic wounds cost several billion dollars of public healthcare spending annually and continue to be a persistent threat globally. Several treatment methods have been explored, and all of them involve covering up the wound with therapeutic dressings that reduce inflammation and accelerate the healing process. In this present study, morin (MOR) was loaded onto hydrogel scaffolds prepared from psyllium seed husk polysaccharide (PSH), and human hair keratins (KER) crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate. ATR-FTIR confirmed the presence of the constituent chemical ingredients. SEM images of the scaffold surface reveal a highly porous architecture, with about 80% porosity measured by liquid displacement measurement, irrespective of the morin concentration. Swelling assays carried out on the scaffolds portray an ability to absorb up to seven times their dry weight of fluids. This makes them attractive for guiding moist wound healing on medium exuding wounds. An Alamar blue assay of NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells shows that cell viability decreases in the first 24 h but recovers to 85% in comparison to a control after 48 h. SEM images of fibroblast cells grown on the scaffolds confirm cellular attachment. An in vivo diabetic wound healing study showed that PSH + KER + MOR scaffold treatment significantly reduced the re-epithelialization time (p < 0.01) and enhanced the rate of wound contraction (p < 0.001), by accelerating collagen synthesis in diabetic rats compared to controls.

Morin loaded polysaccharide–protein composite scaffolds enhance diabetic wound healing.