ICP-MS法测定水源水、出厂水、末梢水中17种微量元素

为了解深圳市水质概况,跟踪监督水质污染情况,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）测定水中１７种元素,分析了各元素检出限（０．００３～０．２５４ｕｇ／Ｌ）及线性范围,用水质标准物质以及加标回收实验对方法的准确度进行了评价。该方法快速、灵敏监测元素全面,用于监测市８家自来水厂水源水、出厂水及末梢水中１７种元素,结果满意。     

ICP-AES和ICP-MS法测定头发中微量元素

目的　探讨学生的不明病因与微量元素的关系。　方法　采用微波消解法处理样品 ,运用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP -AES)和质谱法 (ICP -MS)测定了学生发中微量元素。　结果　患病学生头发中重金属含量无显著性差异 ,而头发中营养元素钙、锰、钾、镁含量偏低 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　学生的不明病因与营养不良有很大的关系。     

频繁献血对21种元素代谢的影响

用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ对３０例频繁献血者血清２１种元素水平进行测试分析，结果Ｂ、Ｃｒ、Ｉ、Ｓｅ、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｌｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｐ、Ｃｅ、Ｃａ、Ｌａ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ等１４种元素与对照组比较有显著差异，但Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ、Ｂａ、Ｃｄ、Ｓｒ等７种元素及性别、献血年限、献血总量、末次献血时间之间无明显差异。提示频繁献血不仅影响Ｆｅ代谢，也导致多种元素代谢紊乱。     

ICP—MS法测定木醋液中的微量元素

目的:探讨木醋液中微量元素的测试方法及含量。方法:采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP—MS)对木醋液中22种微量元素进行分析测定。结果:测试样品中各元素的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于3%,加标回收率在84%~109%之间。结论:方法简便、快速、准确。     

ICP-MS测定食品中多种金属元素

目的：建立ICP－MS同时测定食品中多种金属元素的方法。方法：用ICP－MS对食品中Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Se、Ni、Mn、Fe等10种金属元素同时测定。结果：各元素在0．5ng/L-1.0mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系，检出限位（0．01μg/L-0.39μg/L），相对标准差为0．23％－4．59％，准确度高。结论：该方法准确、快速、灵敏，适用于食品中多种微量元素的测定。     

海南苦丁茶和绿茶叶中微量元素溶出率的比较分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP—MS)同时测定海南苦丁茶和绿茶叶及不同条件水浸泡液中9种微量元素(Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Cd、Pb)的含量,并计算出茶叶水浸泡液中各微量元素的溶出率。结果表明,海南苦丁茶和绿茶茶叶中元素的溶出率受浸泡条件的影响,同条件下,茶叶中不同元素的溶出率存在一定差异,其中Zn、Ni、Co元素的溶出率较高,在30%~70%之间,Fe元素溶出率较低,为3%~5%之间。该研究结果有利于人们认清海南苦丁茶与绿茶的实际功效。     

端视电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定化妆品中砷等七种微量元素

ICP—AES法过去主要在冶金、地质等部门应用较为广泛[1,3],近年来随着技术的发展,特别是采用了水平置炬,端视ICP,微机控制等技术,使得ICP—AES法无论是在灵敏度,准确度,还是在精密度等各方面都有了很大的提高,因此该技术现在已在环境、生命科学、卫生等领域广泛应用[4],并取得了较好的效果。本文利用水平等离子炬,端视ICP—AES技术同时测定化妆品中的As、Pb、Cd、Bi、Cr、Se、Sr7种微量元素。经过优化各项仪器参数和测定条件,建立了一种较新的化妆品测定方法,该法具有快速、灵敏、稳定性好和抗干扰能力强等优点,完全能够应用于…     

测定不锈钢食具容器中金属元素的ICP-MS法研究

目的研究电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定不锈钢食具容器中12种金属元素的方法.方法样品经4%乙酸浸泡,浸泡液用ICP-MS测定时选择了最佳仪器工作参数,用铟(In)为内标元素补偿基体效应和灵敏度漂移. 结果样品的加标回收率为97.85%～103.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.08%～3.3%,检出限为0.006～0.09μg/L.结论本方法具有高灵敏度和较宽的动态范围,测定过程简便、快速、准确,在现阶段是一种比较先进的分析技术.     

端视ICP—AES法测定矿泉水和水源水中27种微量元素

矿泉水及水源水中微量元素的测定,多用化学法、原子吸收法〔１－２〕、ＩＣＰ—ＡＥＳ法〔３－６〕等。化学法和原子吸收法只能单元素逐个测定,分析速度慢,效率低下。ＩＣＰ—ＡＥＳ法具有多元素同时测定,分析速度快,线性范围宽等优点,但灵敏度较低,不适合微量元素...     

Levels of heavy metals (Fe,Cu, Ni,Cr, Pb,and Zn) in tissue of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus from Iskenderun Bay,Turkey

Concentrations of iron, copper, nickel, chromium, lead, and zinc were determined in the muscle, skin and gonads of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus caught at three stations in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues tended to vary significantly among stations, and two stations thought to be contaminated by untreated domestic wastes and surrounding industrial environment showed particularly high metal concentrations. Generally, skin and gonads showed higher metal concentrations than muscle. The ranges of mean concentrations (micro g/g wet wt) in M. cephalus were as follows: the range of iron concentration was 70.28, 149.77, and 382.51, that of copper was 1.45, 5.36, and 35.37, that of nickel was 1.22, 2.72, and 7.35, that of chromium was 1.46, 3.22, and 10.06, that of lead was 7.45, 37.39, and 62.33, and that of zinc was 38.23, 100.56, and 281.51 in the muscle, skin, and gonads, respectively. The ranges of mean concentrations (micro g/g wet wt) in T. mediterraneus were as follows: the range of iron concentration was 41.84, 49.86, and 74.20, that of copper was 1.29, 3.33, and 11.37, that of nickel was 0.94, 2.02, and 0.99, that of chromium was 1.28, 10.90, and 10.60, that of lead was 1.03, 4.78, and 8.41, and that of zinc was 19.55, 60.79, and 38.44 in the muscle, skin, and gonads, respectively. The concentrations of some metals in some tissues exceeded the acceptable levels for a food source for human consumption. The results of this study indicated that the metals present in the bay were taken up by two fish species through food, water, and sediment, and regardless of their biological needs showed high metal concentrations.     

把握关键 重视中青年人才培养与建设

从某医院中青年现阶段的学历状态、科研现状、科研业绩及成效和社会影响中，分析了现阶段在各医院特别是大医院青年中普遍存在的思想动态和科研状态，从一个侧面指出导致现阶段部分医院中青年没有充分发挥其作用的主要原因，同时，从某医院近三年行之有效的做法，说明了采取合理的措施可达到激发中青年主观能动性的效果。     

云南白族儿童30年青少年体格生长发育指标分析

目的 分析1985 - 2014年30年间中国白族儿童青少年体格生长发育和营养改善情况,评价并提出改善白族儿童青少年目前生长发育和营养现状的建议。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,在云南省大理州随机抽取2个县12所中小学7～18岁白族学生作为研究对象。采用WHO - 2006标准,对1985 - 2014年间历次参加全国学生体质健康调研的学生进行生长迟缓和消瘦检出率的变化情况的比较,并分析2000 - 2014年间学生体格生长发育的变化趋势。结果 白族7～18岁学生营养不良率全面下降。1985年、2000年、2010年和2014年7～18岁男生生长迟滞率分别为20.0%、16.2%、7.9%和4.3%,消瘦率分别为12.6%、8.1%、11.7%和8.6%,营养不良率分别为32.6%、24.3%、19.6%和12.9%;7～18岁女生生长迟滞率分别为21.3%、14.7%、8.9%和4.0%,消瘦率分别为8.4%、5.7%、8.9%和6.5%,营养不良率分别为29.8%、20.4%、17.8%和10.5%。2000 - 2014年15年间白族男、女生身高发育的突增期为12～14岁和10～12岁,女生比男生提前2年进入突增高峰年龄。2000年、2005年、2010年和2014年白族18岁身高性差分别为10.04cm、12.27 cm、12.30 cm和12.82 cm男女生身高突增值和突增幅度全距均呈现逐年递减的趋势。学生体重指数(BMI)的变化较为平稳。结论 白族儿童青少年营养状况显著持续改善,体格发育和营养状况处于旺盛的正向生长。     

Metals in muscles, liver and kidney of slaughtered animals from the northern region of Poland, 1985

The content of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, manganese and iron was determined in muscle tissue of 361 hogs, 59 cattle, 20 rabbits, 19 geese and 19 ducks, in the liver of 355 hogs and 55 cattle, and in the kidneys of 352 hogs and 56 cattle slaughtered in the northern region of Poland in 1985. The mean values obtained related to wet weight (mg/kg) for the muscle tissue of hogs, cattle, rabbits, geese and ducks were: 0.021, 0.018, 0.018, 0.033 and 0.024 Cd, 0.13, 0.12, 0.18, and 0.11 Pb; 0.69, 0.98, 0.97, 3.7 and 4.0 Cu; 20, 23, 18, 11 and 9.1 Zn; 0.11, 0.11, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.16 Mn, and 11, 22, 15, 30 and 26 Fe, respectively. In the liver of hogs and cattle the content was: 0.059 and 0.10 mg Cd/kg, 0.20 and 0.20 Pb, 5.8 and 15 Cu, 40 and 35 Zn, 1.2 and 1.5 Mn, and 64 and 53 Fe. Among all of the samples examined only in one case the tolerance limit for Pb was exceeded in the kidney of hogs, e.g. it was 1.1 mg/kg.     

Dietary fiber constituents of selected fruits and vegetables

This study compared the dietary fiber (DF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin content of selected fruits and vegetables. Apples and peaches (fresh and canned), oranges (fresh), strawberries (fresh, canned, and frozen), carrots, green beans, and potatoes (fresh, fresh cooked, canned, and frozen), and tomatoes (fresh, fresh cooked, and canned) were studied. When possible, two varieties, two stores, and name and store brands were chosen. Samples were analyzed for NDF, acid detergent fiber, 72% sulfuric acid, lignin, and pectin. From those values, DF, cellulose, and hemicellulose were calculated. Fresh fruits in gm/100gm wet weight had decreasing DF, NDF, and hemicellulose values as follows: apples, peaches, strawberries, and oranges. Apples were highest in cellulose; strawberries, highest in lignin; and oranges, highest in pectin. Fresh-cooked vegetables in gm/100gm wet weight have decreasing DF and NDF values as follows: green beans, carrots, potatoes, and tomatoes. Green beans were highest in cellulose and hemicellulose; potatoes highest in lignin; and carrots highest in pectin. On a wet-weight basis, fresh apples and peaches, fresh-cooked green beans, canned carrots, and canned and frozen potatoes were higher in DF and NDF than other forms of the fruit or vegetable. There were few differences according to stores, brands, or varieties of fruits and vegetables. On a dry-weight basis, fresh apples, peaches, strawberries, green beans, and tomatoes appear to have higher DF and NDF contents than their processed counterparts. Fresh-cooked carrots and fresh potatoes appear to have less DF and NDF than their canned and frozen counterparts.     

Causes and health consequences of environmental degradation and social injustice

Worldwide the greatest effects on the health of individuals and populations results from environmental degradation and social injustice, operating in consort. This paper describes the national and global causes and health consequences of these phenomena. Causes include overpopulation, pollution, deforestation, global warming, unsustainable agricultural and fishing practices, overconsumption, maldistribution of wealth, the rise of the corporation, the Third World debt crisis, and militarization and wars. Consequences include increased poverty, overcrowding, famine, weather extremes, species loss, acute and chronic medical illnesses, war and human rights abuses, and an increasingly unstable global situation that portends Malthusian chaos and disaster.Because of their scientific training, and due to their privileged socioeconomic status, physicians are in a unique position to recognize these phenomena and to act at all levels, from interactions with their patients, to volunteerism, to service and intervention in areas of great need, to direct political activism and involvement. Specific suggestions for action are discussed.     

Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease

Twenty-six metals and the oxidative status in 71 patients affected by Parkinson's disease and 44 healthy individuals were compared in order to identify potential biomarkers of the disease. In the patients, the following significant imbalances were found (p < or = 0.05): i) in serum, an increment of Ca, Mg, Ni, Si and V, and a decrement of Cd, Co, Fe, Li, Sn, Zn and Zr; ii) in blood, raised levels of Co, Li, Ni and Si and decreased of Al, Be, Ca, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mo, Sn, Zn and Zr; iii) increased formation of oxidant species and lowered anti-oxidant capacity (p < or = 0.001 for both). Barium, Bi, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sr, Tl and W did not change with the disease. The best discriminating variables between patients and controls were Cd, Co, Fe, Ni and Si in serum (91.2% of cases correctly classified), and Al, Cd, Co, Fe, Mo and Si in blood (98.2% of cases properly classified).     

Neuropsychological sequelae of exposure to welding fumes in a group of occupationally exposed men

This study compares the neuropsychological function, emotional status, visual function, and illness prevalence of 76 former and current chemical industry welders primarily involved in steel welding, and exposed to welding fumes for an average of 24.9 years with that of 42 unexposed, non-welder controls. Health and occupational history questionnaires were administered, as were the neuropsychological tests included in the World Health Organization Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery, Luria Motor Test, and selected tests from the WAIS-III, and WMS-III. Emotional status tests included the BSI, POMS, BAI, and BDI, and vision tests included the Snellen near visual acuity, Lanthony d-15 color vision, Vistech Contrast Sensitivity, and Schirmer strips. While welders and controls performed similarly on tests of verbal skills, verbal retention, and auditory span, welders performed worse than controls on tests of verbal learning, working memory, cognitive flexibility, visuomotor processing speed, and motor efficiency. Welders had poorer color vision and emotional status, and increased prevalence of illnesses and psychiatric symptoms. The increased symptoms in welders were related to decreased scores on tasks measuring verbal learning, visuomotor abilities, visuospatial abilities, and information processing, and motor efficiency. Within the group of welders, the number of hours welding was negatively related to scores on verbal learning, auditory span, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and motor efficiency.     

新疆某医院入院患者高尿酸血症与常见慢性疾病关系研究

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔族人群高尿酸血症与常见慢性疾病的关系,为尿酸相关疾病预防、控制提供科学依据。方法 调查员经统一培训后对709名维吾尔族高尿酸血症患者进行问卷调查,并进行病例资料查询,获得生化指标和诊断,采用χ²检验和方差分析进行比较。结果 (1)入选的高尿酸血症中代谢综合征、高血压、高血糖、血脂紊乱的现患病率为42.3%、39.2%、12.12%、65.6%;呼吸、消化、肿瘤、循环、泌尿系统疾病的患病率为12.8%、9.2%、7.1%、35.4%、6.5%。其中最高的3种疾病为血脂紊乱、代谢综合征和高血压。代谢综合征、高血压、血脂紊乱、饮酒、吸烟的性别构成比男性均高于女性,χ2值分别为3.886、5.081、20.935、41.852和122.015,且差异具有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。(2)随着尿酸水平的增高,男性比例、泌尿系统疾病、高血糖和血脂紊乱人群比率随之增高,χ2值分别为375.653、14.616、7.980和146.020(P均＜0.05);(3)随着尿酸水平的升高,收缩压、舒张压、FBG、甘油三酯逐渐增高,而HDL逐渐降低,F值分别为3.055、3.287、5.031、2.722和9.091(P均＜0.05)。结论 高尿酸血症患者中血脂紊乱、代谢综合征和高血压等代谢性疾病的患病率较高;随着尿酸水平的升高,男性、泌尿系统疾病比率和血压、血糖、血脂指标随之增高。     

Fiber intakes and anthropometric measures are predictors of circulating hormone, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentrations in the women's health trial

The unhealthy eating patterns and obesity among women in the U.S. are indicated by changes in biomarkers, such as insulin, lipoproteins, and estradiol, that are risk factors for breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This article models the inter-relations among diet, serum insulin, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations, plasma LDL and HDL cholesterol, and net triglyceride concentrations, using the data at baseline and 12 mo on 379 and 615 postmenopausal women in the Control and Intervention groups, respectively, of the Women's Health Trial: Feasibility Study in Minority Populations. Subjects in the Intervention group received detailed advice over a period of 1 y for reducing fat intakes and increasing the consumption of whole grains and fruits and vegetables. The main findings were that there were significant differences between the Control and Intervention groups in the changes from baseline to 12 mo in LDL and HDL cholesterol and SHBG concentrations. Second, using a comprehensive random effects modeling framework, the ratio of fiber to energy intake was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with lower insulin and triglyceride levels, and with a higher HDL cholesterol concentration in the Intervention group. Third, the subjects' waist-to-hip ratio and BMI were significantly associated with insulin, SHBG, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. Fourth, insulin levels were significantly negatively associated with SHBG and HDL cholesterol, and positively associated with LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and estradiol concentrations. Overall, weight loss, especially around the waist, and increased fiber intakes are likely to be beneficial for lipid, cholesterol, and hormone profiles of U.S. women.