结核性胸膜炎82例置管引流致胸腔积液临床观察

目的：探讨胸腔置入中心静脉导管持续引流治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床疗效。方法：对2004年6月～2006年12月共82例结核性胸膜炎患者随机分为两组：治疗组41例,置管组采用一次性中心静脉导管置入胸腔持续引流胸水。对照组41例,采用常规胸腔穿刺抽胸水。两种方法均给予强地松30mgQd口服4周,四联抗痨,观察其胸水吸收的情况和并发症的发生。结果：置管法疗效明显优于常规法,置管法治疗的患者住院周期短、并发症少。41例采用置管均一次穿刺成功,引流时间为3—5d,置管后虽1例出现少量气胸,无1例发生肺部感染;而常规穿刺组7～14d胸水吸收,2例发生少量出血、3例发生气胸。结论：胸腔置管持续引流治疗结核性胸膜炎疗效确切,操作简便,值得推广。     

胸腔注射尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜炎56例临床分析

目的：探讨结核性胸膜炎治疗中缩短胸水吸收时间及防止胸膜肥厚粘连的方法。方法：将104例结核性胸膜炎患者分为2组：治疗组56例，先采用中心静脉导管置入胸腔持续引流胸水1～2d，待胸水减少时，将尿激酶注入胸膜腔；对照组48例，仅采用中心静脉导管置入胸腔持续引流胸水，而未注射尿激酶，比较2组患者治疗后胸水消失时间及胸膜粘连发生率。结果：治疗10d后，治疗组胸水完全吸收率为92．9％（52／56），而对照组为52．1％（25／48）；治疗组治愈后胸膜粘连肥厚发生率为16．1％（9／56），对照组为43．8％（21／48），两组差异均具有统计学意义。结论：胸腔注射尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜炎，可显著缩短胸水吸收时间，有效防止胸膜肥厚粘连的发生。     

胸腔置管注入尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜肥厚粘连疗效分析

目的 探讨胸腔置入中心静脉导管持续引流并胸腔内注射尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜炎胸膜肥厚、粘连的临床疗效.方法 将50例结核性胸膜炎胸膜肥厚、粘连患者分为2组:治疗组25例,采用中心静脉导管置入胸腔持续引流并胸腔注射尿激酶;对照组 25例,采用常规胸腔穿刺抽胸水.比较2组患者治疗后胸膜肥厚、粘连程度.结果 治疗组胸膜肥厚、粘连程度明显减轻,与对照组差异有统计学意义( P<0.05).结论 胸腔置管持续引流并注射尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜炎胸膜肥厚、粘连疗效确切,操作简便,值得推广.     

胸腔置管持续引流治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床观察

目的探讨胸腔置管持续引流治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床疗效。方法将100例结核性胸膜炎患者随机分为2组。治疗组采用中心静脉导管胸腔置入持续引流;对照组采用常规胸腔穿刺抽液。结果治疗组胸水吸收快,效果明显,且病人痛苦少,无并发症发生。结论胸腔置管持续引流治疗结核性胸膜炎操作简便,效果明显,值得提倡。     

中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流术在结核性胸腔积液治疗中的应用

目的:探讨中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流术治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床疗效。方法:对2008年7月-2009年7月共68例结核性胸膜炎患者随机分为两组:治疗组36例,采用中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流术持续引流胸水。对照组32例,采用常规胸腔穿刺抽胸水。两组均给予2HRZE(S)/4HR正规口服抗痨治疗。观察其胸水吸收的情况和观察胸膜肥厚、粘连情况。结果:治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,置管法治疗的患者胸膜粘连少、胸液消失时间早、胸膜增厚程度轻。结论:胸腔置管持续引流治疗结核性胸膜炎疗效确切,操作简便,值得推广。     

中心静脉导管胸腔引流治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床分析

目的：比较中心静脉导管引流与普通胸腔穿刺术治疗结核性胸膜炎的疗效和经济学。方法：48例结核性胸膜炎患者行中心静脉导管引流,39例行普通胸腔穿刺术,观察疗效和住院时间及住院费用等。结果：中心静脉导管引流术治疗组患者住院1周后胸水吸收率、患者症状改善满意率高于普通胸腔穿刺术治疗组,包裹性胸腔积液发生率、并发症发生率、住院时间及住院总费用均低于普通胸腔穿刺术治疗组。结论：中心静脉导管闭式引流是有效的治疗结核性胸膜炎的方法,值得临床推广。     

中心静脉导管留置并胸腔内注射尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜炎64例分析

目的:观察胸腔内注射尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜炎及胸膜肥厚的疗效。方法:将64例结核性包裹性胸膜炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各32例。治疗组在B超定位下胸腔穿刺置入中心静脉导管,尿激酶20 u加生理盐水50 m L胸腔注入24 h后开放引流胸水;对照组经B超定位胸腔穿刺抽液,隔日1次;将两组病人的引流胸液量、胸穿刺数、气胸、胸水吸收时间、血性胸水发生率和胸膜增厚的程度进行对比。结果:治疗组引流胸液量大,胸腔穿刺数少,胸水吸收时间短,血性胸水发生率,引起胸膜增厚明显减少。结论:中心静脉导管留置胸腔内注射尿激酶治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎能有效引流胸液,减轻胸膜增厚和粘连,安全有效。     

中心静脉导管置入胸腔治疗结核性胸膜炎临床分析

目的探讨中心静脉导管置入胸腔持续引流替代反复多次胸腔穿刺抽液治疗结核性胸膜炎临床应用价值。方法对我院2008年1月至2012年12月收治的经胸部X线或胸部超声检查确诊为中等或大量胸腔积液的结核性胸膜炎病例80例,随机分为两组（治疗组40例,对照组40例）,分别用中心静脉置管持续引流和反复多次的胸腔穿刺抽液治疗,对这两种方法的效果、并发症情况及住院费用进行比较。结果两种方法相比：胸水吸收时间、胸膜反应、胸水包裹发生率、气胸发生率,住院费用、治疗后3个月的胸膜厚度等各项指标均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论中心静脉导管置入胸腔持续引流治疗结核性胸膜炎方法简单、安全、疗效好、经济、患者痛苦少,值得推广。     

胸腔置管引流术治疗结核性胸膜炎42例临床分析

目的探讨和评价胸腔置管引流治疗结核性胸膜炎的疗效和价值.方法将42例结核性胸膜炎患者随机分为置管引流组(治疗组)和胸穿抽液组(对照组),比较2组患者胸水消失的时间、治疗1个月后治疗效果及不良反应.结果治疗组胸水消失时间为(6.20±4.64)d,对照组为(10.59±5.58)d;1个月后治疗组胸液控制率91%,对照组胸液控制率67%.2组胸水消失时间及胸液控制率比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:胸腔置管引流治疗结核性胸膜炎疗效确切,操作简单,不良反应少.     

中心静脉导管引流胸腔积液治疗结核性胸膜炎24例疗效观察

目的探讨结核性胸膜炎清除胸腔积液的方法。方法选择结核性胸膜炎46例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组24例采用中心静脉导管及其组件行引流胸腔积液,对照组22例采用常规胸穿抽液,对两组患者的胸液消失时间、不良反应、遗留胸膜增厚粘连及包裹性积液等进行统计比较分析。结果治疗组胸液消失时间(5.0±1.1)天、胸膜反应1例、遗留胸膜增厚粘连及包裹性积液1例,对照组胸液消失时间(14.3±2.2)天、胸膜反应6例、遗留胸膜增厚粘连及包裹性积液9例,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论中心静脉导管及其组件行引流胸腔积液治疗结核性胸膜炎的方法比较方便、安全、胸水消失时间短、引起不良反应和胸膜增厚粘连后遗症较少。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.