环氧型马来酰亚胺树脂的合成

目的：合成既有良好加工性又有较高耐热性的环氧型马来酰亚胺树脂。方法：先制备N-(4-羟基苯基)马来酰亚胺（4-HPM），然后用4-HPM与环氧树脂（EP）在合适催化剂作用下，合成环氧型马来酰亚胺树脂（EM）。结果：EM树脂的软化点37℃-57℃，溶于普通有机溶剂，起始分解温度T1=310℃。结论：EM树脂既有良好的加工性，又有较高的耐热性。     

苯乙烯与N-对位取代苯基马来酰亚胺的乳液共聚

合成了苯乙烯(St)与 N-对位取代基马来酰亚胺的3种二元共聚物乳液.在苯乙烯与N-对位取代苯基马来酰亚胺(N-p-RPhMI)的最大共聚比内,通过种子滴加乳液聚合制得高稳定性、高固含量(40%)、低粘度的共聚物乳液.研究了 N-p-RPhMI 苯环对位上取代基团对共聚物乳液的性能以及共聚物热性能影响.结果表明:N-p-RPhMI 的加入提高了乳液的产率,并且随着取代基团极性的增强,乳液产率提高,乳胶粒的平均粒径增大,乳液的表观粘度降低;共聚物的热分解温度随着取代基团极性的增加而提高,但取代基极性对共聚物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的影响明显.同时,St/N-对甲氧基马来酰亚胺(N-p-MOPhMI)体系中助溶剂的加入对共聚物乳液性能影响很大,使共聚物的热起始分解温度升高,但对共聚物的 Tg 基本无影响.     

聚[α-~(14)C]苯乙烯-N,N-二甲氨基丙胺马来酰亚胺-N-氧化物的合成(简报)

聚苯乙烯-N,N-二氨基丙胺马来酰亚胺-N-氧化物(简称“津五”)对实验性矽肺的治疗效果优于聚乙烯吡啶-N-氧化物(简称“克矽平”)。“津五”的单体分子比“克矽平”大得多。为了确定用同位素示踪研究判定其能否用于临床我们设计下述途径合成了~(14)C标记的“津五”:     

阿魏酸-7-羟基香豆素酯的合成

目的：合成阿魏酸（FA）-7-羟基香豆素酯。方法：以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂、N,N-二环己基碳化二亚胺为缩合剂,使FA和7-羟基香豆素直接缩合。结果：合成标题化合物,结构经质谱、红外、核磁共振确证。结论：FA和7-羟基香豆素可一步合成,摒弃了保护FA的酚羟基、酰氯化、酯化、脱保护的繁冗步骤。     

阿昔洛韦琥珀酰亚胺活性酯的制备研究

目的 合成阿昔洛韦琥珀酰亚胺活性酯.方法 以阿昔洛韦为起始原料,在二甲基甲酰铵(DMF)为溶媒及三乙胺的碱性条件下,与丁二酸酐反应生成阿昔洛韦衍生物9-(2-丁二酸单酰乙氧基甲基)鸟嘌呤(SACV),再与N-羟基琥珀酸亚胺在N,N-二环己基碳化亚胺的存在条件下合成阿昔洛韦琥珀酰亚胺活性酯.结果 与结论合成产物产率为79.1%,mp为125～126 ℃,其结构经IR和NMR确证,所得化合物为一新化合物.     

N—苯基马来酰亚胺—苯乙烯—丙烯腈三元共聚物的组成与性能

采用悬浮聚合法合成了Ｎ－苯基马来酰亚胺－苯乙烯－丙烯腈三元共聚物,并用元素分析,ＤＳＣ,ＴＧＡ等手段进行了表征。结果表明;该三元共聚物具有好的耐热性能,玻璃化温度和热稳定性随共聚物中ＮＰＭＩ含量的增加而提高,将是一种具有广阔开发前景的耐热改性剂。     

头孢他美酯的合成实验研究

目的: 探讨以头孢他美与特戊酸碘甲酯为原料,合成头孢他美特戊酰氧甲酯路线的可行性,研究原料配比、催化剂、反应温度、反应时间等因素对实验结果的影响.方法: 在极性非质子性溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,在一定反应温度和反应时间下,用碱作催化剂,以头孢他美与特戊酸碘甲酯为原料,合成头孢他美特戊酰氧甲酯,并优化反应条件.结果: 在极性非质子性溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,在三乙胺催化下,反应温度20～23 ℃,以头孢他美与特戊酸碘甲酯为原料,合成头孢他美特戊酰氧甲酯的路线是最佳合成路线,收率可达84%.结论: 原料配比、碱、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产品质量、色泽、收率有很大影响.     

N—苯基马来酰亚胺与苯乙烯共聚合的研究

对Ｎ－苯基马来酰亚胺与苯乙烯悬浮聚合体系作了系统的研究，找到适合该体系的最佳反应温度，单体用量化，引发剂用量，搅拌速度以及水油比。通过采用聚乙烯醇，ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ盐，无机粉末混合分散剂，得到稳定的悬浮体系，产物为颗粒起先均匀分布在０．５－０．７ｍｍ范围内的ＩＰ树脂。     

抗生物素的提取和高效率交联抗生物素与辣根过氧化酶

蛋清经过丙酮、硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换提取抗生物素。抗生物素使用 S—乙酰巯基琥珀酸酐处理以导入巯基。使用 N-(ε-马来酰亚胺已酰)琥珀酰亚胺酯将马来酰亚胺基导入辣根过氧化酶(HRP),然后与经化学修饰的抗生物素上巯基反应,高效率制备抗生物素—辣根过氧化酶交联物。这种交联方法不影响酶活力,抗生物素和 HRP 的回收率分别高达61.5%和79.3%。抗生物素—HRP 交联物可用于建立高灵敏度酶免疫测定法和免疫组织化学染色。     

用两种可回收辛可尼定季铵盐催化剂催化合成L-苯丙氨酸

目的：用2种新型辛可尼定季铵盐手性催化剂不对称催化合成L-苯丙氨酸（L-phe）.方法：以辛可尼定,1-氯甲基苯并三唑或2-氯甲基苯并咪唑为原料,在甲苯中回流3h后过滤,得2种新型辛可尼定衍生物季铵盐手性催化剂.将该类催化剂用于催化N-二苯甲酮亚胺甘氨酸叔丁酯的不对称烷基化反应,得（S）-α-苄基二苯甲酮亚胺甘氨酸叔丁酯;再经过水解等步骤,得L-phe.体系中加入乙醚,过滤,使2种催化剂得到回收.结果：合成的2种新型辛可尼定季铵盐手性催化剂的化学产率分别达到90%和81%.（S）-α-苄基二苯甲酮亚胺甘氨酸叔丁酯的化学产率为75%～91%,对映体过量值为90%ee～99%ee,合成L-phe的总产率为41%～53%,2种催化剂的回收率为75%～80%.结论：2种辛可尼定季铵盐催化剂可催化N-二苯甲酮亚胺甘氨酸叔丁酯的不对称烷基化反应,并高产率地合成L-phe.手性催化剂可以回收.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.