二尖瓣反流对急性心肌梗死预后的意义

目的　探讨二尖瓣反流 (MR)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者预后的意义。方法　对 142例 AMI患者住院早期(7天内 )进行超声心动图检查 ,以彩色多普勒定量测定其 MR。并对 MR组及无 MR组的临床资料、超声心动图指标及预后进行对比分析。结果　 142例 AMI患者无 MR90例 (6 3.38%) ,轻度 MR43例 (30 .2 8%) ,中、重度 MR9例 (6 .34 %)。 MR组较无 MR组患者年龄更大、既往心肌梗死患病率及高血压患病率更高 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。 MR组脉冲多普勒 E峰、E/A显著高于无 MR组 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。 MR组 30天及 1年死亡率均显著高于无 MR组 (P<0 .0 5和 P<0 .0 1)。结论　超声心动图证实的 MR对 AMI患者的预后具有预测价值。     

儿童室间隔缺损合并二尖瓣反流的外科治疗

目的：探讨婴幼儿先天性室间隔缺损（VSD）合并二尖瓣反流的外科处理策略及预后.方法：2008年1月至2012年12月,我中心共对261例VSD合并二尖瓣反流的患儿实施了矫治手术,依术中是否进行二尖瓣整形,将其分为二尖瓣整形组（n=139）和二尖瓣未整形组（n=122）.术后随访1～28个月,主要监测心脏射血分数、术前/术后的二尖瓣反流程度改变等指标.结果：本组病例无死亡.二尖瓣整形组89例（64.03％）患儿二尖瓣反流程度减轻,41例（29.50％）患儿反流程度无变化,9例（6.47％）患者反流程度加重;二尖瓣未整形组73例（59.84％）二尖瓣反流减轻,37例（30.33％）反流程度无变化,12例（9.84％）出现加重.两组患者术前、术后的二尖瓣反流状况改变无差异.结论：对于VSD合并二尖瓣反流的婴幼儿,术中采取保守的二尖瓣处理策略,也可起到较为满意的手术效果.     

缺血性二尖瓣反流外科治疗

缺血性二尖瓣反流（ischemic mitral regurgitation,IMR）也称为功能性二尖瓣反流或继发性二尖瓣反流。是冠心病常见的并发症之一。二尖瓣反流的发生会加速左心室重构和功能障碍,最终导致不可逆的心力衰竭。尽管在医学和外科治疗方面取得了一定的进展,但IMR的患者与因其他原因而出现二尖瓣关闭不全的患者相比生存率较差。在外科治疗方面,此类患者尤其是中度及重度IMR患者治疗方式的选择仍存在很大争议。本文将从二尖瓣反流机制、不同程度IMR患者的外科治疗以及介入治疗的进展等方面进行阐述。     

急性心肌梗死患者新发心房颤动与功能性二尖瓣反流的相关性研究

目的 评价急性心肌梗死患者新发的心房颤动(NOAF)与功能性二尖瓣反流(FMR)的相关性.方法 入选2019年1月至2020年5月于佛山市第一人民医院心血管内科收治的497例急性心肌梗死患者,住院期间采用床旁心电监测联合遥测心电监护的双系统监测患者是否发生NOAF,采用二维超声及彩色多普勒观察二尖瓣的反流情况,根据反流...     

急性心肌梗死后二尖瓣反流的超声与临床研究

本文采用彩色多普勒超声心动图对急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）患者的二尖瓣反流（ＭＲ）进行了观察，研究其与心前区收缩期杂音及心功能的关系。结果显示，ＡＭＩ后ＭＲ的发生率为３４％，下壁梗死较前壁梗死ＭＲ发生率高（分别为４１．７％和２５．９％），但无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。并发ＭＲ的ＡＭＩ患者，５３．１％无心前区收缩期杂音，左心功能ｋｉｌｌｉｐ氏分级≥Ⅱ级者明显多于无ＭＲ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。舒张期二尖瓣血流频谱不能正确反映ＭＲ患者的左室舒张功能。本研究表明，ＭＲ的出现是ＡＭＩ患者并发或加重心力衰竭的重要因素之一。     

新型弹性二尖瓣环与仿Carpentier硬环矫治小牛急性二尖瓣反流的研究

本实验是将两种新型弹性二尖瓣环(FWⅡ、FWⅢ环)和仿制的Carpentier硬环分别随机植入3组小牛体内(每组5头),通过应用术中超声多普勒比较3种瓣环对矫治小牛急性二尖瓣反流模型的血液动力学效果。本文还着重讨论其产生机制及临床应用前景。     

急性心肌梗死后二尖瓣反流与左心室大小和功能的相关分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）二尖瓣反流（MR）患者左心室功能与远期预后的关系。方法入选143例AMI患者,平均入院5d内行超声心动图检查,检测MR情况、左室舒张期末内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩期末内径（LVESD）、左房内径（LAD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、E／A比值。根据LVEF大小将患者分为2组（≥50％组和〈50％组）;随访的中位数时间为432d,观察两组心力衰竭、再发心肌梗死、再发心绞痛、心因性死亡等心血管事件的发生率与LVEF的相关性。结果AMI患者MR发病率73．4％。MR的发生及程度与Killip分级、LVEF值、LVEDD、LVESD、LAD、E／A比值等相关。左心室大小和功能与AMI后心血管事件显著相关。生存分析显示,AMI后MR患者LVEF〈50％是远期死亡的独立危险因素（P〈0．01）。结论AMI后基线水平MR的严重程度与左室功能和大小显著相关,左室功能恶化是远期死亡的显著预测因子。     

二尖瓣夹在二尖瓣反流中的应用

二尖瓣反流为临床上较常见之瓣膜疾病,Euro Heart Survey指出存在严重二尖瓣反流的患者,尤其是伴有心力衰竭的患者,预后较差。针对二尖瓣反流的传统治疗方式为瓣膜修补与瓣膜置换,但由于手术损伤较大相关并发症较多,使得许多严重的瓣膜病或老年患者无法接受治疗。因此,临床上出现二尖瓣夹利用介入方式治疗二尖瓣反流,此种方式损伤小,临床效果确实,目前已成为二尖瓣反流治疗之新兴热点,现介绍二尖瓣夹手术装置的原理及其应用情况与临床相关研究。     

二尖瓣反流合并主动脉根部瘤的二尖瓣成形策略

目的:回顾两种二尖瓣成形术治疗合并主动脉根部瘤的二尖瓣反流,探讨此手术的临床效果。方法:2010年7月至2015年5月,北京安贞医院收治的33例合并主动脉根部瘤的二尖瓣反流的患者进行回顾性分析,男性28例,女性5例,平均年龄(53.2±15.5)岁。其中25例患者置入二尖瓣成形环(成形环植入组),所置入的二尖瓣人工瓣环平均直径为(29.5±1.5)mm,8例患者行交界环缩术(交界环缩组)。术前超声心动图显示:所有患者二尖瓣病变均为中度或重度关闭不全,成形环植入组反流面积为(8.5±4.1)cm2,交界环缩组反流面积为(5.7±1.3)cm2。成形环植入组患者平均体外循环时间(164.2±29.3)min,平均主动脉阻断时间(118.2±23.4)min,交界环缩组患者平均体外循环时间(111.9±28.4)min,平均主动脉阻断时间(77.8±22.2)min。结果:术后无死亡,无恶性心律失常及其他严重并发症。成形环植入组术后平均ICU停留时间为(23.0±12.5)h,交界环缩组术后平均ICU停留时间为(23.0±8.8)h。复查超声心动图显示:成形环植入组少量反流8例,无或微量反流17例;交界环缩组少量反流4例,无或微量反流4例。结论:二尖瓣反流合并主动脉根部瘤时可以经房间隔切口或房间沟切口行成形环植入术和经主动脉切口行交界环缩术。上述两种二尖瓣成形术治疗主动脉根部瘤合并二尖瓣反流的效果确切,对于二尖瓣反流程度较轻的患者可以采用经主动脉切口行交界环缩术,以减少体外循环和阻断的时间。     

急性心肌梗死并缺血性二尖瓣返流的临床特征分析

目的：探讨初发急性心肌梗死并缺血性二尖瓣返流（IMR）的临床特征。方法：对初发AMI363例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据心脏超声检查和二尖瓣返流情况分为2组,二尖瓣返流组119例,无二尖瓣返流组244例,比较2组临床特征、左房直径、左室舒张末期直径、左室收缩末期直径、左室射血分数和心血管事件发生率。结果：单因素分析结果显示年龄、性别、吸烟、Killip分级、下壁心肌梗死、β受体阻滞剂和ACEI/ARB应用、直接冠状动脉介入治疗、主动脉内球囊反搏应用、左房直径、左室舒张末期直径、左室收缩末期直径、左室射血分数、房颤发生率及住院病死率2组资料比较差异有统计学意义。多因素分析显示二尖瓣返流与年龄（P〈0.01）、左室舒张末期直径、左室收缩末期直径（P〈0.05）及早使用β受体阻滞剂和ACEI/ARB、直接冠状动脉介入治疗密切相关（P〈0.01）。结论：AMI并IMR多见于老年患者,与左室直径大小密切相关,及早应用β受体阻滞剂和ACEI/ARB,直接冠脉介入治疗可能会减少二尖瓣返流的发生。     

Percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction with mitral regurgitation

Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Current evidences suggest that revascularization of the culprit vessels with percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting can be beneficial for relieving IMR. A 2.5-year follow-up data of a 61-year-old male patient with ST-segment elevation AMI complicated with IMR showed that mitral regurgitation area increased five days after PCI, and decreased to lower steady level three months after PCI. This finding suggest that three months after PCI might be a suitable time point for evaluating the possibility of IMR recovery and the necessity of surgical intervention of the mitral valve for AMI patient.     

急性心肌梗塞后二尖瓣返流的临床意义

用彩色多普勒超声对91例急性首次心梗3天内患者的二尖瓣返流进行了测定,并对患者进行了平均22.1月的随访.发现伴二尖瓣返流患者占34%,这些患者女性多,年龄大,梗塞面积大,非Q波梗塞多,Ptfv_1小和房性心律失常多,而且使用强心剂及利尿剂患者多,住院期心功能差,心脏事件多和观察期死亡率高,但二尖瓣返流不是预测死亡的独立因素.表明心梗急性期彩色多普勒测定的二尖瓣返流可能只是反映数种危险因素的一个综合性的信息,而非独立于其它因素之外的预后指标.     

Unusual cases of acute mitral valve regurgitation

Severe acute mitral regurgitation without early surgical correction can lead to congestive left-sided heart failure and quick death. Traumatic mechanism is one of its rare causes and is described in the literature mainly after blunt chest injuries in car accidents. In our case reports, we deal with cases of patients who have been diagnosed with a significant mitral regurgitation with rupture of chordae tendineae with symptoms of left ventricular failure requiring cardiac surgery. The onset of symptoms was associated with traumatic events of small or mild intensity.     

急性心肌梗死早期伴发二尖瓣关闭不全对患者预后影响

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者伴发二尖瓣关闭不全(MR)的临床意义及预后。方法:将2年来我院收治的AMI患者145例分为MR组与no-MR组;根据梗死部位分为前壁AMI组与下壁AMI组,前、下壁各组又根据是否伴发MR分为:前壁MR组与前壁no-MR,下壁MR组与下壁no-MR组4个亚组。观察各组的临床情况与心血管事件。结果:MR组63例,占43.4%,与no-MR组相比,其年龄、左心室射血分数、终点心血管事件及随访期间心血管事件均差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。亚组间相比,前壁AMI-MR组与下壁AMI-MR组与相应的no-MR组比较终点心血管事件差异具有统计学意义,且该2组间随访期间临床心血管事件差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);下壁AMI-MR组与no-MR组2组间的终点心血管事件差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:AMI患者伴发MR提示预后不良,AMI患者伴有MR与梗死部位有关,且其部位与预后密切相关。     

Significance of a mitral regurgitation systolic murmur complicating a first acute myocardial infarction in the coronary care unit--assessment by colour Doppler flow imaging.

To determine the prevalence and significance of a systolic mitral murmur heard after a first acute myocardial infarction (MI), we studied 186 consecutive patients in the coronary care unit (CCU) during a one-year period. Fifteen patients had a murmur as a result of mitral regurgitation (MR) (prevalence 8%) documented by colour Doppler flow imaging. It was heard before the third day of hospitalization in 10 (67%) patients, and on the third day itself in the remainder. The severity of MR was graded semi-quantitatively: moderate in 12 (80%) patients, and mild, moderate to severe and severe in three respectively. The direction of the MR jet, determined by colour flow imaging, improved the information obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) that could only diagnose mitral leaflet abnormality in seven (47%) patients. In 10 of 15 (67%) patients, the 2D echo ejection fraction was greater than or equal to 40% and in eight (53%) the wall motion score obtained by analysing 11 left ventricular (LV) segments was less than or equal to 8. Two (13%) patients died in the CCU, four (27%) had LV failure, one angina and eight (53%) remained asymptomatic in the hospital. Of 171 patients without a systolic murmur, 22 (13%) had LV failure, 13 (8%) angina and 25 (15%) died during the in-hospital stay (P-NS for these complications between patients with and without MR murmur). During a follow-up of 12-24 months, one MR patient died, and seven (47%) remained asymptomatic. We conclude that the prevalence of MR systolic murmurs in acute MI patients is low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Significance of a mitral regurgitation systolic murmur complicating a first acute myocardial infarction in the coronary care unit -- assessment by colour Doppler flow imaging

To determine the prevalence and significance of a systolic mitralmurmur heard after a first acute myocardial infarction (MI),we studied 186 consecutive patients in the coronary care unit(CCU) during a one-year period. Fifteen patients had a murmuras a result of mitral regurgitation (MR) (prevalence 8%) documentedby colour Doppler flow imaging. It was heard before the thirdday of hospitalization in 10 (67%) patients, and on the thirdday itself in the remainder. The severity of MR was graded semi-quantitatively:moderate in 12 (80%) patients, and mild, moderate to severeand severe in three respectivety. The direction of the MR jet,determined by colour flow imaging, improved the informationobtained by two-dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) thatcould only diagnose mitral leaflet abnormality in seven (47%)patients. in 10 of 15 (67%) patients, the 2D echo ejection fractionwas 40% and in eight (53%) the wall motion score obtained byanalysing 11 left ventricular (LV) segments was $$$8. Two (13%)patients died in tile CCU, four (27%) had LV failure, one anginaand eight (53%) remained asymptomaric in the hospital. Of 171patients without a systolic murmur, 22 (13%) had LV failure,13 (8%) angina and 25 (15%) died during the in-hospital stay(P-NS for these complications between patients with and withoutMR murmur). During a follow-up of 12–24 months, one MRpatient died, and seven (47%) remained asymptomatic. We conclude that the prevalence of MR systolic murmurs in acuteMI patients is low. The LV function and the prognosis of a majorityof these patients is rather good.     

Significance of a mitral regurgitation systolic murmur complicating a first acute myocardial infarction in the coronary care unit -- assessment by colour Doppler flow imaging

To determine the prevalence and significance of a systolic mitralmurmur heard after a first acute myocardial infarction (MI),we studied 186 consecutive patients in the coronary care unit(CCU) during a one-year period. Fifteen patients had a murmuras a result of mitral regurgitation (MR) (prevalence 8%) documentedby colour Doppler flow imaging. It was heard before the thirdday of hospitalization in 10 (67%) patients, and on the thirdday itself in the remainder. The severity of MR was graded semi-quantitatively:moderate in 12 (80%) patients, and mild, moderate to severeand severe in three respectivety. The direction of the MR jet,determined by colour flow imaging, improved the informationobtained by two-dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) thatcould only diagnose mitral leaflet abnormality in seven (47%)patients. in 10 of 15 (67%) patients, the 2D echo ejection fractionwas 40% and in eight (53%) the wall motion score obtained byanalysing 11 left ventricular (LV) segments was 8. Two (13%)patients died in tile CCU, four (27%) had LV failure, one anginaand eight (53%) remained asymptomaric in the hospital. Of 171patients without a systolic murmur, 22 (13%) had LV failure,13 (8%) angina and 25 (15%) died during the in-hospital stay(P-NS for these complications between patients with and withoutMR murmur). During a follow-up of 12–24 months, one MRpatient died, and seven (47%) remained asymptomatic. We conclude that the prevalence of MR systolic murmurs in acuteMI patients is low. The LV function and the prognosis of a majorityof these patients is rather good.     

急性心肌梗死后二尖瓣返流与心房纤颤的关系

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）后缺血性二尖瓣返流与初发心房纤颤（atrial fibrillation,AF）的关系。方法: 回顾性分析269例AMI患者的临床资料,排除既往有AF和原发瓣膜病的病例,根据二尖瓣返流程度分为2组:无返流组（n=165）和返流组(n=104)。AF通过住院期间心电图或心电监护诊断。结果: 无返流组和返流组新发AF分别为15例(9.1%)和22例(21.2%)(P<0.01)。结论: AMI后二尖瓣返流与AF发生有密切的关系。