左心室成形术治疗缺血性心力衰竭

目的:探讨并行循环下采用左心室成形术治疗缺血性心力衰竭的临床技术和经验,并报告中期疗效随访结果. 方法:回顾性分析2004年4月至2007年6月,我院心胸外科17例行左心室成形术的缺血性心力衰竭患者的临床资料.其中男性14例,女性3例,平均年龄(64±12.1)岁.既往有心肌梗死史12例,合并缺血性二尖瓣返流10例,合并左心室室壁瘤13例,合并左心室血栓4例.术前左心室射血分数(IVEF)为(29.1±6.4)%.术前心功能NYHA分级Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级12例.17例缺血性心力衰竭的患者中,9例行左心室成形术+冠状动脉旁路术;6例行左心室成形术+冠状动脉旁路术+二尖瓣成形术;2例行单纯左心室成形术.4例合并左心室血栓者同时行左室血栓清除.全组患者均采用常温并行循环、左心引流,不阻断升主动脉,心脏跳动下完成左心室成形术.13例患者采用Dor手术进行左心室成形,4例患者采用改良线性缝合法进行室壁瘤切除+左心室成形.术后患者均接受门诊或电话随访. 结果:全组发生手术死亡1例,二次开胸止血1例.存活患者无严重围术期并发症发生.术后随访(12.7±6.1)个月,无失访例.随访期间中1例患者于术后3个月死于严重肺部感染.其余患者均存活,无心血管不良事件发生.术后患者IVEF平均为(42.8±7.2)%,较手术前明显改善(P<0.05).术后心功能NYHA分级T～Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级6例(P<0.05). 结论:并行循环下采用左心室成形术治疗缺血性心力衰竭安全可靠,中期随访疗效满意,但其对于患者心功能以及生存率的远期影响,尚有待进一步研究.     

二尖瓣成形术367例分析

目的:总结367例二尖瓣成形术的临床经验,评价二尖瓣成形术的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析我院1996-10～2006-12进行二尖瓣成形术的7岁以上患者367例,其中瓣膜退行性病变295例;先天性二尖瓣病变26例;缺血性改变导致二尖瓣关闭不全20例;风湿性心脏病18例;感染性心内膜炎8例.术前纽约心功能NYHA分级Ⅱ级193例,Ⅲ级156例,Ⅳ级18例,术前超声心动图显示二尖瓣反流量轻一中度25例,中度109例,中到重度134例,重度99例;左心房内径24～71(45.10±9.13)mm,左心室舒张期末内径30～86(60.13±7.89)mm.均在低温体外循环下行二尖瓣成形术.结果:术中经打水实验或食道超声心动图评价成形效果满意,术后1周复查超声心动图示左心房内径14～83(34.99±8.30)mm,左心室舒张期末内径31～71(50.64±6.54)mm,与术前相比明显缩小,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.001).术后早期死亡1例;331例患者随访3个月至11年,心功能NYHA分级Ⅰ级患者280例,Ⅱ级41例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级6例;超声心动图示左心房内径21～73(39.11±9.33)mm,左心室舒张期末内径34～79(50.04±6.51)mm,与术前相比明显缩小,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.001).192例患者二尖瓣无或微量反流,97例少量反流,27例少到中量反流,7例中量反流,2例中到大量反流,6例大量反流.4例术后行二尖瓣置换术,1例发生溶血,晚期死亡4例.结论:根据二尖瓣病变的特征进行选择,采用相应的成形技术,对非风湿性二尖瓣病变行尖瓣成形术可取得较满意的临床效果.术中行食道超声心动图和注水实验能为判断手术效果提供有益的帮助.     

高龄冠状动脉左主干狭窄病变患者的外科治疗

目的总结高龄冠心病左主干病变患者接受冠状动脉旁路移植术的经验。方法2005年至2014年,101例冠心病左主干病变患者接受非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,其中男82例,女19例,平均(81.4±1.7)岁,左主干狭窄(≥70%)76例,<70%者25例,平均左心室舒张末径(48.2±8.3)cm,心脏射血分数>50%89例,30~50%12例,合并二尖瓣关闭不全14例,合并室壁瘤1例,纽约心功能分级I~Ⅱ级56例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级45例。加拿大心绞痛分级(CCS)I~Ⅲ级99例,Ⅳ级2例,合并急性心肌梗死13例,术前使用主动脉内球囊反搏6例。结果101例手术均顺利完成,平均手术(3.9±0.8)h,平均桥血管使用(3.0±1.0)根,ICU监护(50.2±46.0)h,呼吸机辅助呼吸(42.9±68.5)h,二次开胸止血6例(5.9%),二次气管插管5例(4.9%),术后持续透析4例(4.0%),主动脉内球囊反搏使用术中3例(2.9%),术后11例(10.9%),围术期心肌梗死2例(2.0%),术后院内死亡8例(7.9%)。中位随访时间6(1~11)年,全因死亡17例(16.8%)。结论尽管高龄、左主干狭窄病变这两种冠状动脉搭桥手术的独立高风险因素同时存在,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术以及围手术期的相关处理仍然是目前安全、有效的治疗方法。     

预制人工腱索环和二尖瓣成形环置入术治疗二尖瓣脱垂

目的:回顾预制人工腱索环和二尖瓣成形环置入术治疗二尖瓣脱垂,探讨此手术对二尖瓣脱垂的治疗效果。方法:2008年1月至2012年12月间,回顾性分析北京安贞医院收治的15例二尖瓣脱垂患者,其中男性10例,女性5例,年龄(48.5±3.2)岁,SBE后腱索断裂导致关闭不全2例,单纯腱索断裂导致关闭不全8例,腱索延长导致关闭不全5例。术前超声心动图(TEE)显示:根据Carpentier标准,前叶脱垂10例,后叶脱垂3例,前叶合并后叶脱垂2例。所有患者二尖瓣均为重度关闭不全,反流面积(11.0±0.9)cm2,1例合并三尖瓣重度反流。术前射血分数(EF)平均(64.9±1.9)%,左心室舒张末直径(LVDD)平均(54.9±1.4)mm,左心房直径(LA)平均(42.9±1.7)mm。所有患者均经胸正中切口,体外循环下行预制人工腱索环移植,移植腱索数量为(3.6±0.3)根,腱索长度(15.4±1.5)mm,平均体外循环时间(113±11.7)min,平均主动脉阻断时间(86±9.8)min。3例患者置入SJ成形环,12例患者置入爱德华成形环,1例患者同时行三尖瓣成形术。结果:术后无死亡,无恶性心律失常及其他严重并发症。术后复查TEE显示少量反流3例,微量反流8例,未见反流4例。术后EF平均(60.2±2.9)%,未见明显改变。LVDD平均(46.5±1.1)mm,LA平均(32.9±1.2)mm,均较术前明显改善。随访12~57个月,平均(35.7±4.3)个月,少量反流3例,无或微量反流12例。结论:预制人工腱索环和二尖瓣成形环置入术治疗二尖瓣脱垂近中期效果确切,但是远期预后尚需进一步观察。     

冠心病合并其他器质性心脏病的外科治疗

目的分析冠心病合并其他器质性心脏病的临床特点,探讨一期外科治疗的方法和临床疗效。方法分析2004年4月至2006年4月冠心病合并其他器质性心脏病患者13例,其中风湿性心脏病联合瓣膜病1例,二尖瓣病变4例,二尖瓣退行性病变3例,主动脉瓣关闭不全3例,升主动脉瘤1例,继发孔房缺1例。因冠心病首诊入院5例,以其他器质性心脏病首诊入院8例。术前有心绞痛症状者8例,无心绞痛5例。体外循环下一期外科治疗。结果无死亡病例,13例均顺利出院。冠脉搭桥+瓣膜置换8例,冠脉搭桥+瓣膜成形3例,冠脉搭桥+Bentall+室壁瘤切除1例,冠脉搭桥+房缺修补1例。手术中搭桥1～3支,平均(1.92±0.73)支。术后1周,左心室舒张末内径(LVDD)为(51.77±2.64)mm,较术前[(58.92±3.81)mm]明显缩小(P<0.05)。随访3个月,心绞痛症状完全消失,心功能(NYHA)明显提高(P<0.05)。结论冠心病合并其他器质性心脏病临床症状无特异性,容易漏诊。虽然手术风险性和难度增加,但未得到血液重建,对患者更将是致命性的灾难,应争取一期手术。     

慢性二尖瓣返流患者手术前后左室功能比较

慢性二尖瓣返流患者手术后左室功能一直被认为是减退的。作者评价二尖瓣返流患者外科手术后的左室收缩及舒张功能。 对象为14(男12、女2)例慢性二尖瓣返流患者,12例心电图正常,2例房颤。8例做二尖瓣瓣膜重建,6例切断腱索做瓣膜置换。同步进行血管荧光电影照像和左心室测压,评价14例慢性二尖瓣返流患者手术前和手术后平均为22个月的左心室收缩和舒张功能,     

急性心肌梗死患者二尖瓣返流与心血管事件发生率的相关性

目的研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者合并二尖瓣返流(MR)与心力衰竭等严重并发症和死亡率的相关性。方法选取109例AMI患者,住院期间行超声心动检查观察二尖瓣返流情况,测定左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径、左房内径,并观察心力衰竭和主要心脏不良事件发生率、住院心源性病死率。结果MR的发生率为46.8%,左室舒张末期内径、左房内径均显著高于非MR组(P<0.01),LVEF显著低于非MR组(P<0.01)。心功能不全(Killip分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级)、主要心脏不良事件发生率MR组显著高于非MR组(P<0.01)。全部心源性病死率MR组高于非MR组(P<0.05)。结论AMI后合并MR者,心功能差,心力衰竭和主要心脏不良事件发生率高,住院心源性病死率高。     

冠心病合并二尖瓣中度关闭不全患者冠状动脉旁路移植术联合二瓣置换术的效果

目的总结冠心病(CAD)合并二尖瓣中度关闭不全患者外科手术治疗病例及手术经验。方法 27例就诊于大庆油田总医院胸心外科的冠心病合并二尖瓣中度关闭不全患者,其中单纯行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)22例,同期行二尖瓣置换(MVR)手术5例。观察患者术前、术中、术后瓣膜反流程度、左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室大小。结果全组患者无死亡,术后瓣膜反流程度、左心室大小较术前均减轻(P<0.05),MVR组较CABG组在左室大小和LVEF方面改善更明显。结论对于CAD合并二尖瓣中度关闭不全的患者,术式的选择需综合考虑瓣膜反流原因、心脏改变情况、反流束情况、心功能以及术中食道超声检查结果。     

缺血性二尖瓣返流的外科治疗(附38例临床报告)

目的　介绍外科治疗缺血性二尖瓣返流的手术方法和临床结果。方法　自 1996年 12月至 2 0 0 1年 4月 ,38例缺血性二尖瓣返流患者接受了手术治疗 ,其中男性 33例 ,女性 5例 ,年龄 32～70岁 ,平均 (5 8± 8)岁。术前纽约心脏学会 (NYHA)心功能分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级 4例 ,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级 34例。轻度二尖瓣返流 6例 ,中度 16例 ,重度 16例。合并室壁瘤 6例。除 6例轻度返流患者只行冠状动脉旁路移植术外 ,其余 32例患者均行冠状动脉旁路移植术加二尖瓣手术。结果　无手术及术后早期死亡 ,无术后早期严重并发症。所有患者均症状消失 ,痊愈出院。出院时心功能均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。随访 37例 ,平均随访 (2 0 8± 14 3)个月 ,除 1例远期死亡 ,1例NYHA分级心功能Ⅲ级外 ,心功能均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论　中度以上的缺血性二尖瓣返流应积极采用手术治疗的方法 ,二尖瓣成形术应为首选 ,术后效果良好。     

冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的探讨冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗原则。方法选择冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术患者61例,并对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 45例行冠状动脉旁路移植术+二尖瓣成形术,16例行冠状动脉旁路移植术+二尖瓣置换术,其中2例患者行二尖瓣置换术,术后早期死于心力衰竭,余59例均治愈岀院。术后复查超声心动图检查显示,左心室舒张末内径从(52.8±11.3)mm降至(47.9±8.9)mm(P<0.01),LVEF从(46±11)%升至(52±12)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对于冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术患者,同期处理二尖瓣后效果满意。     

Surgical treatment of the ischemic mitral valve

The best management for moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) at the time of coronary revascularization remains controversial. During the era preceding standardization of mitral annuloplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) alone was the most common strategy for ischemic MR. This approach avoided mitral valve replacement, and there was an expectation that myocardial revascularization would improve papillary muscle function and valve performance. Long-term follow up revealed, however, a relationship between residual MR and mortality. Recent studies have further refined management of ischemic MR. It is now understood that Carpentier type IIIb dysfunction is the basis for ischemic MR, and that a reduction remodeling annuloplasty can improve leaflet coaptation in this setting. Mortality after combined CABG and mitral annuloplasty has decreased in our institution from 14% to 4% over the past decade. Furthermore, a strategy of CABG alone will leave a significant number of patients (approximately 40%) with moderate to severe MR. Our current approach is to explore all valves at the time of CABG with documented grade 3+ MR on preoperative transthoracic echocardiography. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) underestimates moderate MR. In patients with a lesser degree of MR, intraoperative provocative testing guides our valve strategy. Severe left ventricular dysfunction and a history of congestive heart failure will also influence the decision regarding valve exploration at the time of CABG. A prospective randomized trial between CABG and CABG + mitral annuloplasty is necessary to further define the best management strategy for patients with moderate ischemic MR.     

急性心肌梗死并缺血性二尖瓣返流的临床特征分析

目的：探讨初发急性心肌梗死并缺血性二尖瓣返流（IMR）的临床特征。方法：对初发AMI363例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据心脏超声检查和二尖瓣返流情况分为2组,二尖瓣返流组119例,无二尖瓣返流组244例,比较2组临床特征、左房直径、左室舒张末期直径、左室收缩末期直径、左室射血分数和心血管事件发生率。结果：单因素分析结果显示年龄、性别、吸烟、Killip分级、下壁心肌梗死、β受体阻滞剂和ACEI/ARB应用、直接冠状动脉介入治疗、主动脉内球囊反搏应用、左房直径、左室舒张末期直径、左室收缩末期直径、左室射血分数、房颤发生率及住院病死率2组资料比较差异有统计学意义。多因素分析显示二尖瓣返流与年龄（P〈0.01）、左室舒张末期直径、左室收缩末期直径（P〈0.05）及早使用β受体阻滞剂和ACEI/ARB、直接冠状动脉介入治疗密切相关（P〈0.01）。结论：AMI并IMR多见于老年患者,与左室直径大小密切相关,及早应用β受体阻滞剂和ACEI/ARB,直接冠脉介入治疗可能会减少二尖瓣返流的发生。     

Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of ring mitral valvuloplasty for pure mitral regurgitation

Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed in 21 consecutive patients (mean age 56 +/- 11 years) to evaluate postoperative results of mitral ring anuloplasty. All patients were symptomatic and all had clinically severe isolated mitral regurgitation (MR). The origin of MR was myxomatous degeneration, coronary artery disease, rheumatic heart disease or congestive cardiomyopathy. In 20 patients ring anuloplasty was performed using the Carpentier ring and 1 patient using the Duran ring. Postoperative Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed to detect and semiquantitate residual MR by flow mapping and to identify left ventricular inflow or outflow obstruction. The severity of MR was assessed by flow mapping in the left atrium and graded from I to IV in increasing severity. Blood flow velocity spectra were recorded from the left ventricular outflow tract during systole and from the left ventricle subjacent to the mitral valve during diastole. Pressure half-time, mitral valve area and mitral valve gradient were derived from digitized mitral diastolic flow velocity spectra. After ring valvuloplasty, 9 patients had no MR and 6 had grade I, 3 grade II, 2 grade III and 1 patient grade IV MR. Peak diastolic mitral valve gradient was 8 +/- 4 mm Hg, mean diastolic gradient was 3 +/- 2 mm Hg and pressure half-time was 83 +/- 17 ms, representing a calculated mean mitral valve area of 2.9 +/- 0.8 cm. Peak velocity in the left ventricular outflow tract was 0.9 +/- 0.2 m/s, indicating no obstruction to outflow. Our study confirms that mitral ring valvuloplasty produces a significant reduction in severity of MR, and this is achieved without obstructing left ventricular inflow or outflow.     

二尖瓣前叶脱垂手术修复的疗效分析

目的 探讨治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的外科修复方法及治疗效果.方法 1998年11月至2007年10月对210例二尖瓣前叶脱垂患者行二尖瓣修复术,并在术前、术中、术后利用超声心动图对心脏结构及功能进行评价.结果 采用缘对缘技术修复二尖瓣前叶脱垂134例(63.8%).出院时心脏功能(纽约心脏病协会分级)Ⅰ级168例,Ⅱ级40例.随访1～150(25.7±29.0)个月,围术期死亡2例(0.95%).超声心动图检查显示,术前左心房舒张末径为(47.5±12.7)mm,术后1年减小为(37.7±9.2)mm(P＜0.05);术前左心室舒张末径为(67.7±10.3)mm,术后1年减小为(51.7±7.9)mm(P＜0.05);术前左心室射血分数为(52.2±6.4)%,术后1年提高为(62.2±3.2)%(P＜0.05);术前二尖瓣反流面积为(10.4±4.1)cm~2,术后1年减少为(4.1±1.7)cm~2(P＜0.01).结论 二尖瓣修复术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂可获得良好的手术效果.缘对缘技术修复二尖瓣前叶脱垂安全、有效.     

Left ventricular volumes and function immediately after balloon mitral valvoplasty.

To evaluate acute changes in left ventricular volumes and function immediately after successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvoplasty, twenty young patients with isolated rheumatic mitral stenosis (male 9, female 11, mean age 22 +/- 6 years) were studied. The area of the orifice of the mitral valve following valvoplasty, increased from 0.97 +/- 0.27 cm2 to 2.46 +/- 0.75 cm2 (P less than 0.001). No significant change was observed in left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (117 +/- 27 ml to 119 +/- 29 ml, P greater than 0.10), end-systolic volumes (51 +/- 21 ml to 50 +/- 20 ml, P greater than 0.10), ejection fraction (0.57 +/- 0.10 to 0.58 +/- 0.10, P greater than 0.10) and left ventricular meridian wall stress (68 +/- 20.10(3) dynes/cm2 to 65 +/- 14, P greater than 0.10) immediately after valvoplasty. There was no acute change in heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index and grade of mitral regurgitation. Patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (less than or equal to 0.55, n = 10) and those with normal ejection fraction (greater than 0.55, n = 10) had similar baseline left ventricular end-diastolic volumes and showed no significant change in volumes and ejection fraction after the procedure, although the former group had a greater orificial area after valvoplasty (P less than 0.05). We conclude that an acute increase in the orifice of the mitral valve in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis is not associated with any significant change in left ventricular volumes and function.     

Five years of experience with mitral valve homografts

INTRODUCTION: The main advantages of mitral homografts are preservation of the subvalvular apparatus and avoidance of life-long anticoagulation. In this communication, we will present our five-year experience using mitral homografts in mitral valve surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Since 1996, 14 patients (mean age 46 +/- 8 years, range 27 - 65 years have had mitral homografts implanted. Thirteen patients had mitral valve replacement; the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve was replaced in one case. The indications were mitral (n = 6) or tricuspid endocarditis (n = 1), mitral valve stenosis (n = 3), and combined mitral valve disease (n = 4). Complete mitral homografts were implanted in eight patients; partial homografts were used in six cases. Preoperatively, the dimensions of the left ventricle and the mitral valve were measured by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 56 +/- 9%, the mean end-diastolic diameter 58 +/- 6 mm. The technique described by Acar/Carpentier was adapted for implantation; a Carpentier ring was implanted in all cases for annular stabilization. The patients had anticoagulative therapy which was discontinued when stable sinus rhythm was present after three months postoperatively. Follow-up included clinical examination, ECG, and echocardiography, and was initiated six months postoperatively and continued on a yearly basis. The following parameters were determined by echocardiography--left atrial size, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameter, pressure gradient across the mitral valve (c/w Doppler, Bernoulli's equation), and mitral regurgitation. RESULTS: All patients survived surgery; the mean operation-time was 281 +/- 37 minutes. Intraoperative TOE revealed a first degree insufficiency in 7 patients. Follow-up was completed in all patients, with a mean period of 30 months (6 - 60 months). Two patients had an acute endocarditis two years postoperatively, requiring repeat valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis. An additional patient had to be reoperated due to chordal rupture three years postoperatively. All three patients had mitral valve stenosis as the initial indication for surgery and had received a complete homograft. In the remaining eleven patients, the morphological and functional state of the implanted grafts remained unchanged during follow-up. The freedom from valve-related events was 93% after one year, 86% after two years, and 79% after three years. At six-month follow-up, ECG and echocardiography revealed sinus rhythm and sufficient atrial contractions in 13 cases. At the last follow-up, the pressure gradients were 3.4 +/- 0.6 mmHg for complete homografts and 2.8 +/- 0.6 mmHg for partial homografts. In five cases, a mild insufficiency was documented, while six patients presented with competent grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral homografts can be used with acceptable mid-term results in selected cases with good left ventricular function and only slightly dilated left ventricles. Partial mitral homografts represent an additional technique, especially for mitral valve repair in patients with acute endocarditis. The susceptibility to bacterial infections of a homograft makes strict prophylaxis against endocarditis mandatory.     

Changes of myocardial function after combined coronary revascularization and mitral valve downsizing in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation and advanced cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVE: At present not much data is available on changes in myocardial function after combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and downsizing of the mitral valve (MV) by restrictive prosthetic ring annuloplasty in patients with chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) and advanced cardiomyopathy. METHODS: 63 patients with coronary artery disease, chronic IMR grade 3 - 4+, ischemic cardiomyopathy and reduced left ventricular (LV) function (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] of 30 +/- 9 %; range 12 - 45 %) underwent combined CABG and MV downsizing. Clinical follow-up and serial echocardiographic studies were performed to assess survival, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, mitral regurgitation (MR), leaflet coaptation height (LCH), left atrial (LA) and LV end-systolic/end-diastolic dimensions/volumes and volume indices (LVESD, -EDD; LVESV, -EDV; LVESVI, -EDVI), fractional shortening (FS) and LVEF to evaluate the changes in myocardial function after surgery. RESULTS: Early mortality (< 30 days) was 1.6 %, survival at follow-up was 95 % (3 +/- 1 months) and 83 % (2 +/- 1 years), respectively. Functional class improved significantly after surgery; recurrence of relevant MR was absent in all patients. In general, LA/LV dimensions/volumes and volume indices, FS and LVEF improved significantly, even in patients with already severely reduced preoperative LV function (LVEF 相似文献   

Changes in mitral regurgitation after balloon aortic valvuloplasty

The coexistence of mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) is not infrequent and has been associated with adverse outcome. The aims of this study were to evaluate the change in MR severity and to identify the correlates of MR improvement in patients with severe AS and moderate to severe MR who underwent balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). Patients with severe AS and at least moderate MR who underwent their first BAV procedures (n = 74) were divided into 2 groups: patients with improved- (n = 34 [46%]) and those without improved (n = 40 [54%]) MR after BAV on transthoracic echocardiography. The population had a mean age of 84 years and was more frequently female (63.5%), with a high risk profile (mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score 15%, mean European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score 57%). Baseline characteristics were balanced between the 2 groups. Patients with improved MR after BAV had smaller left atrial dimensions (45 ± 7 vs 49 ± 7 mm, p = 0.01) and lower peak aortic velocities (3.7 ± 0.6 vs 4.0 ± 0.8 m/s, p = 0.05) and mean transaortic valve gradients (33.2 ± 12.1 vs 40.6 ± 17.4 mm Hg, p = 0.05) at baseline. Left atrial dimension [odds ratio (OR) 3.37, p = 0.006], left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (OR 2.7, p = 0.04), and mean transaortic valve gradient (OR 1.04, p = 0.05), but not left ventricular systolic function or functional MR, were correlated with MR improvement by logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, nearly half of the patients with severe AS and coexistent MR showed improvement in the magnitude of MR after BAV. Larger left atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions and higher transaortic valve gradients were associated with lack of MR improvement.     

二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣后叶脱垂

目的分析总结33例非风湿性二尖瓣后叶脱垂成形手术的效果。方法回顾性分析我院2005年5月至2011年5月行二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣后叶脱垂（除外其他合并畸形、风湿性病变及前叶脱垂）患者33例,男性18例,女性15例,平均年龄46．5岁。术前二尖瓣中重度关闭不全9例、二尖瓣重度关闭不全24例。通过部分瓣叶矩形切除、瓣环环缩及成形环的综合运用修复二尖瓣,同期置入二尖瓣爱德华弹性环28枚。结果全组病例均痊愈出院,无围术期死亡。患者术前心脏彩超检查：左房内径（49．26±17．13）mm,左室内径（60．29±8．32）mm,射血分数（66．1±9．6）％,左室短轴缩短率29．78±6．81。术后1周心脏彩超检查：左房内径（40．23±7．93）mm,左室内径（50．63±4．67）mm,射血分数（53．0±8-3）％,左室短轴缩短率23．50±5．01。术后6个月复查心脏彩超检查：左房内径（36．16±7．46）mm,左室内径（45．61±5．67）mm,射血分数（65．0±7．6）％,左室短轴缩短率29．67±5．91。随诊6-70个月,平均随访18．2个月,二尖瓣功能正常或有微量反流22例,有微少量和少量反流9例,有少中量反流2例。无因二尖瓣关闭不全而再次手术者。结论对于二尖瓣后叶脱垂的病变,术中在经食管超声的帮助下,通过部分瓣叶矩形切除、瓣环环缩及成形环的综合运用,能够修复几乎所有非风湿性所导致的二尖瓣后叶脱垂,避免瓣膜置换。对于非风湿性二尖瓣后叶病变,瓣膜成形技术成熟、可靠,修复效果满意。