17例肺动脉肉瘤的外科治疗

目的:肺动脉肉瘤是一种罕见并致死性极高的疾病,关于其诊断方式和最佳治疗策略至今并无定论。本研究旨在总结阜外医院18年的肺动脉肉瘤外科治疗经验。方法:连续纳入2000～2018年阜外医院行外科手术治疗的肺动脉肉瘤患者17例,手术平均年龄(46.0±12.4)岁,男性8例。回顾性分析17例肺动脉肉瘤患者临床资料、手术结果及随访术后生存情况。结果:17例患者5例单纯肿瘤切除,12例同期行肺动脉内膜剥脱术。手术死亡2例,15例顺利出院患者完成随访。中位随访18.8个月(1～48个月)期间,8例死亡,中位生存时间16.8个月(1～48个月),全部死于肿瘤复发或远处转移;7例存活患者中位随访21.1个月(3～42个月),3例已有局部复发。随访患者1年、2年、3年累积生存率分别为63.8%、54.7%和36.5%。11例同期行肺动脉内膜剥脱术的患者比单纯行肿瘤切除的4例患者中位生存期更长(36个月vs 4个月,P=0.214),但差异无统计学意义。出院的15例肺动脉肉瘤患者中,11例(73.3%)接受辅助治疗。术后行辅助治疗患者中位生存期高于未接受辅助治疗患者(36个月vs 5个月,P=0.891),差异也无统计学意义。结论:单纯行肿瘤切除效果不佳;同期行肺动脉内膜剥脱术,可缓解症状并有望改善远期预后。术后辅助治疗手段可能会延长患者生存期。     

手术治疗肺霉菌病临床经验总结

目的总结手术治疗肺霉菌病的临床经验。方法选取2008年12月—2013年10月我院接受手术治疗的肺霉菌病患者38例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 38例患者均顺利完成手术,其中传统开放手术10例,电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术28例。传统开放手术术后并发症发生率为20%(3/10),38例患者均无支气管胸膜瘘、术后出血、脓胸等并发症,无手术死亡病例。术后随访2~58个月,无复发、痰中带血、咯血病例。结论外科手术是肺霉菌病的首选治疗方法,电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术较传统开放手术方式有优势,值得临床推广。     

198例肺棘球蚴病的外科治疗效果分析

目的总结肺棘球蚴病的外科治疗经验,选择合适的手术方式避免手术后复发。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2000年1月～2010年10月手术治疗的198例肺棘球蚴病患者的临床资料,包括一般情况、病程、流行病学、临床表现、治疗和转归情况等。结果 198例肺棘球蚴病患者中,男性114例,女性84例,年龄2～68岁,平均25.5岁。绝大多数为农牧民(148例,74.7%)和未成年人(43例,21.7%)。手术方法以内囊完整摘除术和内囊穿刺摘除术为主。198例患者无手术死亡,均痊愈或好转出院,术后并发肺部感染9例(4.5%),切口裂开7例(3.5%),切口感染4例(2.0%),均经局部换药延期愈合,术后随访1～10年,随访率为83.3%(165/198),随访期间11例复发,复发率5.6%(11/198)。198例患者共行226次手术,复发病例均经手术治愈。结论内囊摘除术是治疗肺棘球蚴病常用手术方式,手术效果好,术后复发率低。     

肺曲霉病53例临床分析

目的 探讨肺曲霉病的诊断与治疗.方法 回顾性分析2008-01～2010-12经肺切除术后病理证实的53例肺曲霉病(曲霉球24例,慢性坏死性肺曲霉病21例,慢性坏死性肺曲霉病合并曲霉球8例)患者的病历资料.结果 53例中有基础疾病39例,最常见为肺结核,其次为支气管扩张症,临床表现无特异性.影像学检查病变部位以上肺最常见,共37例;病灶特点以肺叶、肺段浸润阴影伴空洞最多见,共43例;新月征7例,空洞内附壁结节影或不规则块状致密影27例.所有患者均经肺切除术后病理检查确诊,50例患者未行抗真菌治疗.术后复发的5例为慢性坏死性肺曲霉病、双肺多叶病变且术后未行抗真菌治疗者.结论 慢性坏死性肺曲霉病与曲霉球临床表现无特异性,易误诊为肺结核,出现新月征有提示性诊断意义,确诊需要病理依据.曲霉球首选手术治疗,慢性坏死性肺曲霉病可予药物治疗或手术治疗,病灶切除完全、无基础病和免疫功能抑制者可不用抗真菌治疗.     

23例周围型肺癌侵犯胸壁的外科手术治疗分析

目的 探讨周围型肺癌侵犯胸壁的外科手术治疗方法及效果.方法 对我院收治的23例周围型肺癌侵犯胸壁患者的临床资料进行分析,均给予外科手术治疗.结果 本组23例患者手术均成功完成,肺部分切除术19例,肺全部切除术4例;其中联合整块胸壁切除术15例,肋骨部分切除术4例,胸膜重建术3例,上腔静脉部分切除术1例,心包部分切除术1例.本组患者1年生存率为91.3%(21/23),3年生存率为65.2%(15/23),5年生存率为30.4%(7/23).结论 采用外科手术治疗周围型肺癌侵犯胸壁效果较佳,可延长患者生存时间、改善患者生命质量.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤19例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断及外科治疗方法.方法 对我院普外科2000年1月至2009年8月诊治的19例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 胰腺囊性肿瘤无特征性临床表现,B超和CT是其主要诊断手段,但均不能准确区分其病理类型,与术后病理对照的定性诊断符合率分别为57.9%(11/19)和68.4%(13/19).肿瘤位于胰头颈部5例,胰体尾部14例,最大直径3～15cm.19例均行手术治疗,切除肿瘤16例,总切除率为84.2%.术中误诊误治4例(21.0%).病理证实浆液性囊腺瘤6例,黏液性囊腺瘤6例,黏液性囊腺癌5例,导管内乳头状黏液腺瘤2例.获得随访15例(78.9%),3例囊腺癌患者中1例切除者已存活4年,无复发;2例未切除者分别于术后4个月和7个月病死.12例囊腺瘤患者目前均存活,肿瘤无复发.失访4例,囊腺癌和囊腺瘤各2例.结论 加强对胰腺囊性肿瘤的认识是减少误诊误治的关键;胰腺囊性肿瘤手术切除后疗效满意,故一经诊断即应积极行外科手术切除.     

肺曲菌球40例临床分析

目的 探讨肺曲菌球的诊断和治疗方法. 方法 分析2001-2005年武汉市结核病院收治的40例肺曲菌球患者的临床诊治情况. 结果 40例中男24例,女16例,年龄17～61岁,平均37.7岁.40例中支气管扩张症和空洞型肺结核37例,肺囊肿2例,空洞型肺癌1例;咯血33例,反复间断小量咯血(＜20 ml/次)27例,大咯血6例;咳嗽、咳痰5例次;发热、盗汗3例次.40例患者均无基础疾病及长期使用抗生素史.术前、术后曲菌球的诊断符合率为60%(24例),原发病的诊断符合率为40%(16例).手术切除肺叶39例,全肺切除1例.死亡1例.随访1年,仅1例抗曲霉治疗6个月,余均未按要求服药.除2例大咯血患者复发外,余均痊愈. 结论 肺曲菌球多见于支气管扩张症及空洞型肺结核患者.多数患者可出现反复小量咯血.术前曲菌球和原发病诊断较困难.可根据病情采取不同的治疗方法,是否应首选手术或预防性手术有待商榷.出院后的抗曲霉治疗似乎并非必要.     

外科手术治疗74例肺结核并发肺曲菌球病患者的临床价值

目的 分析外科手术治疗肺结核并发肺曲菌球病的临床价值。方法 搜集2007—2016年在广西壮族自治区龙潭医院行外科手术的74例肺结核并发肺曲菌球病患者,对手术方式、手术治疗转归、并发症、术后随访等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 74例患者中,择期手术68例(91.9%),急诊手术6例(8.1%);73例(98.6%)手术顺利,术中因大出血死亡1例;行肺叶切除术54例(73.0%),肺段切除术5例,全肺切除术2例,复合肺切除术9例,肺楔形切除术4例。24例(32.4%)出现术后并发症:术后大出血1例,再次开胸止血治愈;呼吸功能衰竭1例,呼吸机辅助呼吸28d后成功脱机治愈;肺不张5例,4例经纤维支气管镜吸痰后肺膨胀良好,1例纤维支气管镜吸痰无效,继发呼吸功能衰竭后自动放弃治疗出院后死亡;脓胸4例,3例细菌性脓胸经持续引流治愈,1例曲霉菌性脓胸于术后15个月行电视胸腔镜脓胸廓清术时发生肺动脉破溃大出血,改为体外循环下左余肺切除术,但因不能纠正休克而死亡;肺泡胸膜瘘5例,3例经持续胸腔引流,2例行碘伏胸膜固定术加持续胸腔引流后治愈;支气管胸膜瘘1例,给予患者持续的胸腔引流3周后瘘口逐渐闭合治愈;胸部净化残腔7例,未处理。72例患者术后获得随访,1例患者随访期间死亡。最终治愈71例(96.0%),随访1~48个月,平均(11±3)个月,未见肺结核及肺曲菌球病复发。结论 选择合适的患者行外科手术,治愈率高,并发症发生率及死亡率在可以接受的范围之内,绝大多数患者能治愈。     

胰岛素瘤的诊断与治疗(附25例报告)

回顾性分析25例胰岛素瘤的诊断及治疗方法。25例患者临床表现均具有Whipple三联征,误诊率达76%(19/25)。术前超声检查诊断符合率为50%(10/20),术前增强CT扫描诊断符合率为60%(9/15),术中超声检查诊断符合率为87%(13/15),术前选择性动脉钙刺激静脉采血诊断符合率为100%(2/2)。认为典型的whipple三联征有助于胰岛素瘤的诊断,术中超声检查能有效定位,合理手术是治愈胰岛素瘤的关键。     

肺结核合并肺曲菌球病的外科治疗

目的总结肺结核合并肺曲菌球病的诊断和外科治疗经验。方法对经手术治疗的24例肺结核合并肺曲菌球病患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 24例患者术前确诊率为37.5%(9/24)。行肺叶切除术20例,全肺切除术4例,19例同时行肥厚胸膜切除术。全组无手术死亡。术后并发症8例(33.3%),分别为胸腔出血1例,支气管胸膜瘘3例,包裹性液气胸2例,肺不张2例。术后随访22例,患者无肺曲菌球病复发。结论肺结核合并肺曲菌球病术前确诊率低;手术切除病变肺叶及肥厚胸膜是治疗肺结核合并肺曲菌球病的有效方法。     

国内20年肺曲霉菌病临床资料汇总分析

目的 了解20年来国内报道的肺曲霉菌病的流行病学特征、临床特点、影像学特点、确诊方法、误诊情况、治疗及预后,为临床医师快速准确地诊断本病提供重要线索.方法 回顾性分析1988～2007年国内有关肺曲霉菌感染的文献资料,统计分析并总结了293例肺曲霉菌病患者的临床资料.结果 293例患者中肺曲霉球型181例(61.8%),侵袭件肺曲霉菌病107例(36.5%),变应性支气管肺曲霉菌病5例(1.7%).肺曲霉菌病好发于有肺部基础疾病及其他基础疾病的患者,男、女比例2:1;其临床表现无特异性,而影像学表现呈多样性,临床易误诊,误诊率为74.6%;确诊主要靠呼吸道分泌物涂片、培养以及病理学检查;治疗手段包括手术切除和抗真菌药物的应用.结论 肺曲霉菌病的临床表现缺乏特异性,极易导致误诊,给临床诊断带来困难,必须加深对其认识.     

Surgical treatment of pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although pulmonary recurrence is frequent among the extrahepatic recurrences after hepatectomy, the efficacy of surgical treatment for pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy has not been confirmed. Surgical resection of pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal metastases was reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the survival benefit. METHODOLOGY: From 1990 to 1995, 10 of the 17 patients with pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal metastases underwent surgical treatment. Ten patients underwent resection of pulmonary recurrence. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 0%, and a postoperative complication was observed in 1 patient after pulmonary metastasectomy. The overall 5-year survival rate after pulmonary metastasectomy was 10.0%, and the median survival was 21.7 (range: 2.4-77.9) months. One patient underwent resection two times for remnant lung recurrence after first lung metastasectomy, and is alive with no evidence of recurrence 77.9 months after the first pulmonary resection, and 50.7 months after the third pulmonary resection. In 3 patients with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, the median survival time was 6.2 months (range: 2.4-9.7). The other hands, 7 patients with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma have a longer median survival time of 29.2 months (range: 16.0-77.9). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary metastasectomy after hepatectomy for metastases from colorectal cancer is a safe treatment, and might offer prolonged survival for highly selected patients.     

Aspergillosis complicating neoplastic disease

From 1964 to June 1971, 93 cases of aspergillosis were encountered at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The 29 cases diagnosed in 1969–1970 and the 15 cases diagnosed in the first half of 1971 represented, respectively, a doubling and a quadrupling since 1964–1965. The incidence of aspergillosis in patients with leukemia was seven times greater than in patients with Hodgkin's disease or lymphoma (p < 0.0005). By the first half of 1971, 41 per cent of the patients who died with acute leukemia had evidence of aspergillosis. Fourteen patients with solid tumors resembled patients with leukemia or lymphoma in that they had at least two of the following in common: corticosteroid treatment, cytotoxic therapy and leukopenia (less than 4,000 cells/mm³). Pulmonary involvement was present in 90 of 93 cases, disseminated disease in 23. The commonest clinical pattern was unremitting fever and development of pulmonary infiltrates despite broad-spectrurh antibiotic therapy. In an increasing number of cases aspergillosis followed Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. When present, serum aspergillus precipitins correlated well with invasive disease, but a negative test result was far less reliable. In one case of acute myelogenous leukemia the patient recovered from pulmonary aspergillosis after surgical excision of the lesion and remission of her leukemia.The incidence of aspergillosis is increasing and should be considered in the setting of progressive pulmonary infiltrates in leukemic and other heavily immunosuppressed patients who respond poorly to antibacterial therapy. Earlier diagnosis may lead to more effective therapy.     

Local recurrence and survival rates after extended systematic lymph-node dissection for surgical treatment of rectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Extended systematic lymph-node dissection (ESLND) is a surgical procedure aimed at decreasing the local recurrence rate of rectal cancer and increasing the survival rate. However, it is criticized because it has not shown the expected effects on survival, and it has been shown to increase the proportion of complications in rectal cancer surgery. This study was designed to determine incidence and patterns of recurrence after curative resection with or without ESLND for rectal cancer. METHODOLOGY: A total of 184 patients with rectal cancer were reviewed with respect to surgical procedures, local recurrence and survival rates. RESULTS: 170 of 184 patients with rectal cancer were administered curative surgical resection. ESLND was added to the surgical procedure of 24 of these 170 patients. The local recurrence rate of the patients who did not receive lymph-node dissection was 15%, and the survival rate over 5 years was 58.9%. The local recurrence rate of the patients receiving ESLND was 12.5%, and the survival rate over 5 years was found to be 55.7% (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Because ESLND is a procedure added on to curative resection in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer, it increases the general anesthesia and length of surgery, and it is possible that some complications due to the operation itself may arise. In the current study and in a large amount of research in the literature, a statistically significant effect on the survival rate has not been found. In conclusion, the opinion has been reached that ESLND does not have an important benefit in the curative surgical treatment of rectal cancer.     

Surgical resection of persistent pulmonary fungus nodules and secondary prophylaxis are effective in preventing fungal relapse in patients receiving chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation for leukemia

Antifungal therapy may be unable to eradicate invasive mycosis in leukemia patients. The presence of persisting pulmonary nodules owing to mycosis seems to increase the risk of fungal relapse after chemotherapy and transplant procedures. Between 1997 and 2004, 10 acute leukemia patients underwent pulmonary surgery for invasive mycosis. The median time from diagnosis of mycosis to surgery was 135 days (range 21-147). Three patients underwent emergency surgery, owing to hemoptysis. In the other seven patients with nodule/cavitation remaining after antifungal treatment, surgery (three wedge resections, four lobectomies) was scheduled before transplant. Pathologic examination confirmed two aspergillosis and three zygomycosis. The only side effect was pneumothorax in one case. Nine patients were considered cured. Six patients underwent bone marrow transplantation (three allogeneic, three autologous) with antifungal prophylaxis without relapse during the transplant procedure. In selected patients scheduled for bone marrow transplantation, surgical resection of localized pulmonary fungus nodules combined with antifungal prophylaxis seem to be an effective treatment for preventing mycotic relapse.     

无免疫功能缺陷者肺曲霉感染15例临床分析

目的 探讨无免疫功能缺陷患者肺曲霉感染的诊断及治疗.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2006年12月在北京军区总医院胸外科住院的15例肺曲霉感染患者的病历资料.结果 15例患者中男12例,女3例,年龄43～62岁,平均46.8岁.12例有肺部病变;2例肺内肿块影,CT显示有晕征;1 例左主支气管腔内可见曲霉.15例均无免疫功能缺陷.肺癌空洞伴曲菌球的术前、术后诊断符合率为100%.术前经细菌学诊断者仅3例,诊断为肺癌2例.手术治疗13例,其中12例恢复良好,无并发症;1例胸膜残腔感染经开窗引流和抗曲霉治疗,感染未能控制.1例仅行抗肿瘤治疗,1例猝死.结论 CT表现的晕征及组织学检查对疑有肺曲霉感染者的诊断有重要意义.基础性肺病变伴曲菌球和肿块表现的肺曲霉感染应积极手术治疗.     

肺硬化性血管瘤的治疗分析

目的探讨肺硬化性血管瘤（PSH）的临床特点及外科治疗方法。方法分析我院1996年1月～2011年8月期间手术治疗16例PSH患者的临床资料。结果 16例患者术前均未确诊。术后病理及免疫组织化学检查确诊为PSH。全组无严重的手术并发症和手术死亡,术后随访10个月～3年,未发现复发和转移。结论手术治疗PSH是有效的治疗方法,手术方式首选电视胸腔镜下的肺楔形切切除术,预后良好。     

IgG抗体检测诊断慢性肺曲霉菌病的临床价值分析

目的:探讨曲霉特异性免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体检测诊断慢性肺曲霉菌病的临床参考价值。方法:选取2018年4月至2019年4月就诊于北京大学第三医院并疑似诊断为慢性肺曲霉菌病患者47例。收集患者的血清,分别进行1,3-β-D葡聚糖试验(G试验)、半乳甘露聚糖试验(GM试验)、曲霉特异性IgG检测,评估3种检测方法的检验效果。结果:根据临床分级诊断标准,在47例患者中曲霉菌病组有26例,非曲霉菌病组有21例。曲霉菌病组患者血清G试验检测数值为36(10,160) ng/L,GM试验检测数值为0.23(0.15,0.30),曲霉特异性IgG检测数值为151.43(84.61,322.63) AU/ml。非曲霉菌病组血清G试验检测数值为10(10,45) ng/L,GM试验检测数值为0.26(0.15,0.54),曲霉特异性IgG检测数值为57.90(42.79,137.42) AU/ml。其中经曲霉特异性IgG检测的敏感度为65.4%,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.785 3。结论:在慢性肺曲霉菌病患者的临床诊治中,曲霉特异性IgG抗体检测对曲霉菌的检出率较高,能够弥补GM检测的缺陷,有利于早期确诊并及时采取有效治疗措施。