主动脉瓣置换术后显著肥大左心室的逆转

目的 :探讨主动脉瓣置换术后显著肥大左心室的逆转和收缩功能的恢复趋势及其影响因素。方法 :分析 1991年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 12月间 3 2例左心室显著肥大患者施行主动脉瓣置换术后超声心动图随访资料。结果 :主动脉瓣置换术后左心室形态呈进行性缩小、心肌肥厚显著减轻。影响显著肥大左心室术后完全逆转的主要术前因素是左心室的收缩末内径≥ 6 0cm、舒张末容积指数≥ 2 10ml/m2 和重量指数≥ 15 0g/m2 (P <0 0 1)。术前射血分数≥ 0 40者术后射血分数和短轴内径缩短率的恢复显著优于术前射血分数 <0 40者 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。术后射血分数≥ 0 5 0或短轴内径缩短率≥ 2 5 %与术后恢复时间呈正相关 ,与术前左心室收缩末内径≥ 6 0cm呈负相关 (R2 =0 5 5 ,P <0 0 1)。　　结论 :在左心室的收缩末内径≥ 6 0cm或舒张末容积指数≥ 2 10ml/m2 、重量指数≥ 15 0 g/m2 和射血分数 <0 40前手术 ,有利于术后左心室逆转和左心室收缩功能恢复 ,术后 6个月～ 1年是恢复的关键期。     

由左心室收缩储备功能评价老年人非风湿性主动脉瓣返流的预后

对３４例老年人非风湿性主动脉瓣返流（ＮＲＡＲ）和３０例对照组，应用多普勒超声心动图测定运动前后的左室缩短分数和左室壁张力（代表左室收缩储备功能）。５年后根据随访分为病情恶化组（Ａ组）和病情稳定组（Ｂ组）。运动前，两组在左室重量指数、收缩压、左室内径、室壁厚度、静态左室缩短分数和静态左室壁张力等方面均无显著差异。但运动后，左室缩短分数与左室壁张力的Ｂ组分别高于和低于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１），提示这两项左室收缩储备功能指标对于判断老年人ＮＲＡＲ的预后具有一定的价值。     

组织多普勒成像估测主动脉瓣狭窄患者左心室长轴收缩功能

目的:观测主动脉瓣狭窄患者左心室长轴收缩功能的变化,并探讨其临床意义.方法:选择主动脉瓣狭窄患者40例,根据主动脉瓣口有效面积大小,将主动脉瓣狭窄患者分为轻度狭窄组13例、中度狭窄组14例和重度狭窄组13例,正常对照组16例(健康志愿者).应用组织多普勒成像技术测定二尖瓣环的左心室长轴收缩期峰值运动速度(SM)和收缩期二尖瓣环位移(DS).结果:正常对照组及主动脉瓣狭窄各组SM、DS呈现逐渐减低的显著性变化(分别F=56.7,P＜0.0001;F=92.9,P＜0.0001).SM和DS在狭窄各组与正常对照组之间以及狭窄各组之间均存在显著性差异(P均＜0.01).结论:主动脉瓣狭窄患者的左心室长轴收缩功能受损出现在左心室短轴收缩功能减低之前,并且随着主动脉瓣狭窄程度的增加而恶化.     

超声心动图研究单纯主动脉瓣置换术后左心室的可复性

目的:观察单纯主动脉瓣置换术后左心室形态和功能的可恢复性。方法:回顾分析施行单纯主动脉瓣置换术后49例非心房颤动患者的超声心动图资料。结果:患者术前左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)较对照组明显扩大,LVEDD在术后早期(术后3周~6个月)及术后中期(术后1~2年)均有明显减小。收缩期室间隔厚度及收缩期左室后壁厚度在手术前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后早期及中期患者的左室射血分数及短轴缩短分数较术前均明显提高,达正常水平。结论:主动脉瓣置换术促进术前扩大受损的左心室恢复,术后左室射血分数及LVEDD明显改善。     

由左心室收缩储备功能评价老年人非风湿性主动脉瓣返流的预后

对３４例老年人非风湿性主动脉瓣返流（ＮＲＡＲ）和３９例对照组，应用多普勒超声心动图测定运动前后的左室缩短和左室臂张力（代表左室收缩储备功能）。５年后根据随访分为病情恶化组（Ａ组）和病情稳定组（Ｂ组）。运动前，两组在左室重量指数，收缩压、左室内径、室臂厚度、静肪左室缩短分数和左室壁张力等方面均无显著差异。但运动后，左室缩短分数与左室臂张力的Ｂ组分别高于和低于Ａ组（Ｐ〈０．０５和Ｐ〈０．０１），提示这     

主动脉瓣置换术后巨大左心室的恢复

目的     

左心室壁中层缩短率评价2型糖尿病患者早期左心室收缩功能变化

目的:运用左心室壁中层缩短率评价2型糖尿病患者早期左心室收缩功能改变.方法:51例2型糖尿病者(糖尿病组)及30例体验正常者(对照组),行常规及组织多普勒超声心动图检查,测量左心室壁中层缩短率(mFS),计算左心室经线及圆周收缩末期应力,对两组间左心室结构和收缩功能指标即mFS、左心室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)和二尖瓣环收缩期峰值运动速度(Sm)进行比较,并对mFS与左心室结构参数、空腹血糖水平行相关分析.结果:糖尿病组与对照组比较,左心室舒张末径、左心室收缩末径、左心室质量、左心室心肌质量指数均增加(P<0.01),mFS减低[(21.9±3.4)% vs (24.2±2.6)%,P<0.01].两组间舒张期室间隔厚度、舒张期左心室后壁厚度及相对室壁厚度比较,差异无统计学意义.mFS与左心室收缩末径、左心室质量、左心室心肌质量指数负相关(r 值分别为-0.586、-0.332和-0.239,P<0.05),与空腹血糖水平亦呈负相关 (r =-0.315,P=0.011),这种负相关在校正了年龄、性别、收缩压和体重指数的影响后仍然存在.结论:2型糖尿病患者存在亚临床的左心室收缩功能变化,室壁中层缩短率是检测糖尿病患者早期心肌收缩力下降的敏感指标.     

重度主动脉瓣狭窄瓣膜置换术后左室舒张功能的超声评价

目的应用常规超声心动图及斑点追踪二维应变技术研究EF正常的单纯重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,评价瓣膜置换术后左室重构与左室舒张功能改善的情况并进行相关性分析。方法20例单纯重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者于手术前、术后平均7．5个月行经胸超声心动图检查。比较术前与术后左室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）、左室心肌质量指数（LVMI）、室壁相对厚度（RWT）、左室充盈压（E／E’m）、等容舒张期左室整体应变率（SRIVRT）、舒张早期左室整体应变率（SRE）及其变化的相关性。结果主动脉瓣置换术后LVEDVI、LVMI、LVMI／LVEDVI均较术前减低（P均〈0．05）,SRIVRT、SRE均较术前升高（P均〈0．05）;RWT、E／E’m较术前改变不显著（P均〉0.05）。SRIVRT与SRE正相关（r=0．403,P〈0．05）,术前的SRIVRT与E／Em’及LVMI／LVEDVI呈负相关（P均〈0．05）。结论EF正常的单纯主动脉瓣狭窄患者在主动脉瓣置换术后左室重构的主要变化为左室容量减小,左室壁心肌质量下降,虽然左室充盈压无明显下降,但SRIVRT和SRE在术后有所升高,可作为补充指标更敏感地反映左室整体舒张功能的变化。     

超声心动图评价左心室功能

1 左心室收缩功能 心腔的测量和左心室收缩功能的测定是超声心动图检查的重要组成部分.尽管一些新的超声技术如组织多普勒成像、应变成像、三维超声心动图(3D)的应用使得心脏功能的测定更加定量化和精确,二维超声心动图(2D)仍是目前心腔定量测量和左心室(LV)收缩功能测定的主要方法.同时二维超声心动图可以显示心内膜边界以及室壁增厚情况,从而判断心室整体和局部的收缩功能.     

应变率成像评价冠心病支架置入术前后左心室局部收缩功能变化的研究

目的:探讨应变率成像技术(SRI)定量评价冠心病支架置入术后早期左心室局部收缩功能变化的临床价值。方法:50例经冠状动脉造影(CAG)证实存在左前降支(LAD)75%～100%不同程度的狭窄,分别在LAD支架置入术前1～3d,术后7d、3个月测量前壁及前间隔的基底段、中间段和心尖段的收缩期应变率(SRs)及左心室局部收缩功能的变化,测量左心室射血分数(LVEF),并与正常对照组(50例)进行比较。结果:与术前相比,术后7d各节段心肌的应变率均有增加(P<0.05),术后3个月各节段心肌的应变率、LVEF明显增加(P<0.01)。术前平均LVEF为0.468±0.076,术后7d增加为0.517+0.059(P<0.05),术后3个月则增加0.587±0.038(P<0.01)。结论:SRI可以无创定量评价冠心病冠状动脉支架置入术后早期左心室局部收缩功能的变化。     

The effect of aortic valve replacement on left ventricular mass assessed by echocardiography.

AIMS: The aim of the study was to investigate whether aortic valve replacement (AVR) has different effects on the left ventricular mass (LVM) in patients with different types of aortic valve disease, i.e. aortic stenosis (AS), aortic regurgitation (AR), or combined disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 100 patients with AS; (n=57), AR; (n=22), and combined disease; (n=21). Each patient was evaluated before and up to 8.7 years (mean follow-up period 1.42 +/- 1.65 years) after operation by transthoracic echocardiography. LVM was calculated based on echocardiographic parameters. Following AVR, the LVM for the entire group decreased from 373 +/- 145 g to 280 +/- 102 g (P=0.0001). The AS subgroup lost 13.7 +/- 30.7% from the preoperative LVM, compared to 28.8 +/- 24.8% in the AR subgroup (P<0.05) and 23.1 +/- 33.1% in the combined subgroup. The preoperative LVM was higher among patients with AR vs. AS patients (501 +/- 173 g vs. 319 +/- 100 g respectively, P<0.05). The decrease in LVM was significantly higher in patients with preoperative AR compared to AS patients (165 +/- 150 g vs. 58 +/- 96 g, respectively, P<0.05). However, the postoperative LVM remained higher among the former. The only preoperative parameter (of the LVM formula) that was different between AR and AS patients was the left ventricular end diastolic diameter (68 +/- 11 mm vs. 51 +/- 7 mm, respectively, P<0.05). No significant differences were found in wall thickness among the groups studied. Univariate analysis showed that gender (male), type of aortic valve disease (AR vs. AS), and larger prosthetic valve diameter correlated significantly with greater decrease in postoperative LVM. In multivariate analysis comparing the above variables between AS and AR subgroups, only the patient's gender (i.e. male) was identified as an independent predictor of LVM regression. CONCLUSION: Patients with AR have a greater decline in LVM compared with patients with AS following AVR. The postoperative decline in LVM is higher among males and those with larger prosthetic valve diameter.     

Aspergillus niger aortitis after aortic valve replacement diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography

Aspergillus aortitis following cardiac surgery has an important role among the cardiac infections as almost all affected cases result in death. Survival of the patient with Aspergillus aortitis is dependent on early initiation of aggressive medical and surgical treatment. Transesophageal echocardiography proved very useful in the diagnosis of this uncommon case of aortitis. In this paper, we present a patient with aortitis caused by Aspergillus niger that hasn't been reported previously diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography following cardiac surgery.     

部分或全部保留瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术对巨大左室几何学的影响

目的 动态观察二尖瓣置换术(Mitral valve replacement,MVR)后巨大左心室的几何学变化，对比3种不同术式对左心室形态学逆转的影响。方法 回顾性分析1992年1月至2002年1月间48例巨大左心室病人施行二尖瓣置换术后的超声心动图随访资料。结果 保留二尖瓣装置对巨大左心室形态的逆转有效，其中保留全部瓣下结构术后左窒缩小最显，部分保留其次，无保留术后早期缩小晚期再扩大。结论 对于二尖瓣关闭不全为主合并巨大左室。应尽量采用保留瓣下结构的术式，有利于术后晚期左心室形态的逆转。     

老年人主动脉瓣置换术后病死率分析

目的 对年龄≥70岁的主动脉瓣狭窄患者主动脉瓣置换术后的病死率进行分析.方法 回顾性分析246例年龄≥70岁、并接受主动脉瓣置换的主动脉瓣狭窄患者的临床资料.其中高血压144例(58.5%),心房颤动42例(17.1%),肥胖27例(11.0%),有心脏手术史18例(7.3%).结果 手术30 d内死亡29例,病死率为...     

Relation of myocardial histomorphometric features and left ventricular contractile reserve assessed by high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine the relationship between histomorphometric features and contractile reserve assessed by high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive patients (21 men, aged 43.4+/-8.7 years) with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography. Wall motion score index, ejection fraction, cardiac power output and end-systolic pressure/volume ratio were used as indices of left ventricular contractility. Left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens (3-5 per patient) were routinely processed and stained with Masson trichrome, interstitial fibrosis and myocyte diameter were calculated quantitatively. RESULTS: Myocyte diameter and interstitial fibrosis showed strongest correlation with change in wall motion score index (r=-0.667, p<0.001, and r=-0.567, p=0.004, respectively), followed by change in ejection fraction (r=-0.603, p=0.002, and r=-0.467, p=0.021, respectively). Interstitial fibrosis showed no correlation with change of cardiac power output and end-systolic pressure/volume ratio, whereas myocyte diameter was associated with change of both indices (r=-0.565, p=0.004, and r=-0.455, p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Contractile reserve elicited by high-dose dobutamine is strongly related to the degree of histological disruption in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.     

老年人主动脉瓣置换术后病死率分析

Objective To analyze the mortality in people aged 70 years and over who had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis.Methods The clinical data of 246consecutive cases aged 70 years and over,who had received AVR,were retrospectively analyzed.The 144 cases (58.5 % ) had hypertension,42 cases ( 17.1 %) had atrial fibrillation,27 cases ( 11.0 % )were obeses,and 18 cases (7.3%) had undergone previous heart surgery.Results The 29 cases (11.8%) were dead within 30 days after operation.Among them,15 cases (8.8%) were with isolated AVR and the other 14 cases (18.7%) were with an associate procedure,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of postoperative complication was 24 .4%.The commoncomplications were:48 cases (19.5%) with low cardiac output,24 cases (9.8%) with renal dysfunction,52 cases (21.1% ) with prolonged ventilatory support and 12 cases (4.9%) with sepsis.In the Poisson regression analysis,the main predictors of mortality were low cardiac output,renal failure,sepsis and associate procedure.The main predictors of morbidity were CBP time ＞ 120 min,atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusions The balance between the benefits and risks of the surgery should be well evaluated before deciding to perform AVR.     

老年人主动脉瓣置换术后病死率分析

Objective To analyze the mortality in people aged 70 years and over who had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis.Methods The clinical data of 246consecutive cases aged 70 years and over,who had received AVR,were retrospectively analyzed.The 144 cases (58.5 % ) had hypertension,42 cases ( 17.1 %) had atrial fibrillation,27 cases ( 11.0 % )were obeses,and 18 cases (7.3%) had undergone previous heart surgery.Results The 29 cases (11.8%) were dead within 30 days after operation.Among them,15 cases (8.8%) were with isolated AVR and the other 14 cases (18.7%) were with an associate procedure,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of postoperative complication was 24 .4%.The commoncomplications were:48 cases (19.5%) with low cardiac output,24 cases (9.8%) with renal dysfunction,52 cases (21.1% ) with prolonged ventilatory support and 12 cases (4.9%) with sepsis.In the Poisson regression analysis,the main predictors of mortality were low cardiac output,renal failure,sepsis and associate procedure.The main predictors of morbidity were CBP time ＞ 120 min,atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusions The balance between the benefits and risks of the surgery should be well evaluated before deciding to perform AVR.     

运动负荷超声试验对无症状心肌缺血心功能的评价

利用次极量卧位蹬车运动负荷超声试验研究无症状心肌缺血（SMI）患者和心绞痛（AP）患者在心肌缺血发作过程中左心功能的改变。15例SMI患者和12例AP患者在运动负荷超声试验中都出现心肌缺血，14例冠造正常者为对照组。结果：（1）AP组、SMI组和对照组的运动总时间和运动总功量依次增加，三组之间比较差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）。（2）对照组：在运动中，每例患者的收缩功能各项指标都明显升高，LVEF上升大于5％；二尖瓣血流峰值E峰和A峰也明显升高，而E／A比值下降。（3）SMI组：总体收缩功能各项指标在运动早期也呈上升趋势，LVEF上升大于5％，而随运动量进一步增加，收缩功能不再增强；二尖瓣血流峰值E4和A4也升高，但E／A比值变化不明显。（4）AP组：在运动中，心脏收缩功能各项指标基本保持不变，LVEF上升小于5％；二尖瓣血流峰值E峰上升明显，A峰轻微上升，E／A比值明显增加。结论：（1）正常人的左室收缩功能和舒张功能随着运动量的增加而增强。（2）在相同负荷条件下或相同程度的心肌缺血发作过程中，SMI患者左室功能受损程度轻于AP患者。