成形环治疗三尖瓣关闭不全的疗效及复发因素分析

目的总结应用成形环治疗功能性三尖瓣关闭不全(FTR)的治疗效果及术后复发危险因素分析。方法以简阳市人民医院心血管外科2012年10月至2015年12月在心脏瓣膜手术同期使用人工瓣环行三尖瓣成形术的124例患者为研究对象,进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,找出影响三尖瓣成形术后复发三尖瓣反流(TR)的危险因素。结果全组患者随访2～5年,随访期末三尖瓣反流构成比明显改善,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析显示,术前纽约心脏协会心功能分级(NYHA)3级、术前左心房前后径(LA)、术后右心房横径(RA)、术后右心室内径(RV)、合并心房颤动、瓣环类型、术前三尖瓣反流程度重、术后右心室缩短率与三尖瓣成形术后复发有关;经多因素Lgostic回归分析显示,术前左心房前后径60 mm、术前三尖瓣反流程度重、术后右心室缩短率是三尖瓣成形术后复发三尖瓣反流的独立危险因素。与传统的佰仁思硬环相比,MC3 Edwards成形环能更有效地减少术后三尖瓣反流的发生。结论三尖瓣成形术后三尖瓣反流的发生与患者术前左心房前后径60 mm、术前三尖瓣反流程度重、术后右心室缩短率、瓣环类型有关。应用硬质成形环行三尖瓣成形治疗功能性三尖瓣关闭不全,近中期疗效好。     

实时三维超声心动图定量评价左心瓣膜病变伴随的功能性三尖瓣反流的可行性研究

目的:探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)定量评价左心瓣膜病变伴随的功能性三尖瓣反流(FTR)的可行性.方法:100例拟行瓣膜置换术的左心瓣膜病变患者,于术前、术后1周、术后6-9个月行超声心动图检查,采集73例功能性三尖瓣反流的二维超声心动图(2DE)及RT-3DE图像,测量并计算瞬时三尖瓣最大反流容积、右心房容积、三尖瓣最大反流面积/右心房面积、三尖瓣最大反流容积/右心房容积.对相关指标进行配对t检验和直线相关分析.结果:三尖瓣最大反流容积、右心房容积及两者比值的2DE和RT-3DE测值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但两种测值间具有较好的一致性和相关性,r=0.867,0.897.结论:RT-3DE定量功能性三尖瓣反流是可行的,用于临床评价功能性三尖瓣反流更为合理.     

单纯主动脉瓣置换术后心房颤动的危险因素分析

目的:探讨单纯主动脉瓣置换术后心房颤动(房颤)的发生率及相关危险因素。方法:回顾性收集2010年1月至2013年3月在长海医院行单纯主动脉瓣置换术,且术前基础心律为窦性的180例患者的临床资料,计算术后房颤的总体发生率。根据术后是否发生房颤将患者分为房颤组和非房颤组,通过单因素及多因素分析,明确术后房颤发生的独立危险因素。结果:39例患者术后发生房颤,发生率为21.67%。单因素分析显示,房颤组年龄、左房容积、左室质量、主动脉阻断时间均显著大于非房颤组(P均0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄60岁(P=0.008,OR=3.093)、左房容积75 m L(P=0.018,OR=2.608)及主动脉阻断时间70 min(P=0.042,OR=3.003)是影响术后房颤发生的独立危险因素。结论:单纯主动脉瓣置换术后房颤并不少见,高龄、左房容积较大及主动脉阻断时间较长的患者术后发生心房颤动的风险更高。     

风湿性心脏病左心瓣膜置换同期三尖瓣成形术的效果分析

目的回顾性分析风湿性心脏病(风心病)左心瓣膜置换同期行三尖瓣成形术患者的资料,探讨不同三尖瓣成形手术的临床疗效分析。方法 45例风心病二尖瓣、主动脉瓣病变患者行人工机械瓣置换术,同期行三尖瓣成形术,采用Kay法15例、De Vega法18例及成形环成形12例,术后1、3、6个月通过超声心动图、心电图、胸部X片随访观察,评估术后心功能、三尖瓣反流及心电生理等恢复情况。结果各组患者术前一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后心功能均较术前有改善,成形环成形术后三尖瓣反流较Kay法、De Vega法改善明显,Kay法和De Vega法组患者的三尖瓣反流比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后均未发生房室传导阻滞等缓慢性心律失常。有2例Kay法和1例De Vega法术后患者因心功能不全再次入院治疗,1例成形环成形术后心包积液行心包穿刺术治疗恢复。结论风心病左心瓣膜置换同期行三尖瓣成形术,术后心功能改善明显。成形环成形法较Kay法、De Vega法术后三尖瓣反流再发生率低,值得在三尖瓣反流的患者中推广应用。     

心脏瓣膜手术同期行射频消融术后三尖瓣中、重度反流发生率的研究

目的研究心脏瓣膜手术同期行射频消融术治疗永久性心房纤颤术后三尖瓣中、重度反流的发生情况。方法 758例瓣膜病合并房颤患者,其中行瓣膜手术＋房颤射频消融374例（观察组）,仅行瓣膜手术384例（对照组）。术后随访6~54个月,对比分析两组病例术后三尖瓣中、重度反流的随访数据。结果观察组术后三尖瓣中、重度反流的发生率低于对照组。结论心脏瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融术治疗永久性心房纤颤的远期疗效确切,可降低三尖瓣中、重度反流的发生率,提高患者的心功能和远期生存率。     

功能性三尖瓣关闭不全术后残余返流的危险因素分析

目的：对我院施行的带四个垫片的改良Devega术及佰仁思软成形环成形术治疗功能性三尖瓣关闭不全的112例患者术前和术后4~5年随访时的临床资料进行统计,通过对功能性三尖瓣返流术后残余返流的危险因素进行分析及结合历年文献报道,得出引起三尖瓣术后出现残余返流的高发危险因素,指导临床,减轻术后再次返流,提高手术疗效。方法：采用回顾性临床研究方法,选择分析自2006年1月至2011年7月在中山大学附属江门市中心医院心脏外科因功能性三尖瓣返流行三尖瓣成形术患者共112例,带四个垫片的改良Devega环缩术58例,其中男性26例,女性32例,平均年龄47.32±10.56岁（20~64岁）和使用佰仁思软成形环的54例,其中男性23例,女性31例,平均年龄50.36±6.35岁（32~65岁）,对所有患者术前一周内,术后4~5年随访时均行超声心动图检查及心功能评估,比较两组患者术后4~5年（中期疗效）三尖瓣返流程度变化并分析影响术后的三尖瓣残余返流的危险因素。结果：术后4~5年随访时两组患者三尖瓣返流面积均明显减少,心功能较术前均有显著提高,以随访时三尖瓣中度及重度返流定义为三尖瓣术后残余返流（PRTR）,两组患者共存在术后残余返流12例,其中改良Devega组7例,瓣环成形组5例,对随访出现残余返流的两组患者临床资料进行分析,发现风湿性病变、术后左心射血分数低、术后右心房大、术后三尖瓣环径大、术后肺动脉高压为三尖瓣成形术后出现残余返流的独立危险因素。结论：带四个垫片的改良Devega术及人工瓣环成形术都是治疗功能性三尖瓣返流的有效方法;风湿性病因、术后左心射血分数低、术后肺动脉高压、术后三尖瓣环及术后右房大是术后三尖瓣出现残余返流的危险因素。     

与经导管三尖瓣置换手术近期结果相关的术前超声心动图特征

目的 探讨与经导管三尖瓣置换手术后不良事件相关的重要术前超声心动图特征。方法 连续纳入2020年6月至2021年8月阜外医院收治的药物治疗无效的症状性重度三尖瓣反流拟接受经导管三尖瓣置换术的患者。所有入组患者采集术前、出院前及随访期临床和超声心动图资料。结果 共入选36例重度三尖瓣反流患者,男5例,女31例,年龄（65.4±7.8）岁。所有患者均具有右心衰竭的临床表现,纽约心脏学会心功能分级：III级23例,IV级13例。术前超声心动图显示,三尖瓣重度反流,右心房、室扩大,三尖瓣环收缩期位移、右室面积变化分数及射血分数正常,肺动脉收缩压（36.7±10.6）mmHg。经导管三尖瓣置换术后,中位随访时间为11.7个月（0.3～19.9个月）。随访期间共3例（8.3%）患者死亡。术后3例患者早期出现心功能及肝肾功能不全,2例使用体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）辅助,4例因心力衰竭再次住院,免于心力衰竭等不良事件生存的患者共27例（75%）。在调整了年龄、性别、身高、体重等混杂因素后,术前反映右心房、室大小的超声指标、二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差、估测的肺动脉收缩压为手术结局的独立影响因素。结论 接受经导管三...     

老年病人起搏器植入术后三尖瓣反流的影响因素分析

目的 分析老年病人心脏起搏器植入术后三尖瓣反流(tricuspid regurgitation, TR)发生或发展的影响因素。方法 回顾分析2012年1月至2021年1月在我科行心脏起搏器植入的264例老年病人术后TR的情况。术后出现新的TR或TR程度较术前加重的病人为加重组,其余为未加重组。比较2组病人的术前临床资料及二维超声心动图参数,并对病人术后TR的影响因素行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 264例植入起搏器的老年病人中,新发TR或TR加重共87例,发生率为33.0%。加重组年龄,术前三尖瓣轻度反流、右室心尖起搏比例及植入年限高于未加重组(P<0.01);左心房内径(LAD)、右心房内径(RAD)大于未加重组(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析表明,RAD增大、术前三尖瓣轻度反流、右室心尖起搏、植入年限是植入心脏起搏器术后TR发生或发展的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年病人术前RAD增大、起搏电极位于右室心尖部、心脏起搏器植入年限长是术后TR发生或发展的危险因素,术前三尖瓣轻度反流是术后TR发生或发展的保护因素。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术后发生瓣周漏患者的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的 分析经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）后发生中度以上瓣周漏（PVL）患者的临床特征和危险因素。方法 本单中心研究回顾性分析了2018年1月至2022年11月在南昌大学第二附属医院心血管内科接受TAVR治疗的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,并根据瓣膜置入后即刻经食管超声心动图测得的主动脉瓣反流束长度与瓣环周长之比,将患者分为PVL<3/4组和PVL≥3/4组（中度以上PVL）,对比两组患者的临床特征、超声心动图及主动脉根部CT扫描分析结果。采用多因素Logistic回归模型,对术后PVL≥3/4的独立危险因素进行筛选,并通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析各危险因素对PVL≥3/4的预测价值。结果 共纳入107例患者,平均年龄（71.7±7.0）岁,其中男63例（58.9%）。PVL<3/4组70例,PVL≥3/4组37例。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,相对室壁厚度的倒数（RWTd,OR2.697,95CI 1.168～6.229,P=0.020）以及钙化体积（OR1.001,95%CI1.100～1.002,P=0.026）是行TAVR置入Venus-A瓣膜术后发生中度以上...     

左心瓣膜置换术后孤立性三尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗及危险因素

目的 明确左心瓣膜置换术后出现远期孤立性三尖瓣关闭不全（tricuspid regurgitation,TR）的外科治疗效果和危险因素.方法 分析2000年1月至2010年12月广东省人民医院因左心瓣膜术后发生远期孤立性重度TR而接受三尖瓣外科治疗的41例患者的资料.三尖瓣成形（tricuspid valve repair,TVP）7例,三尖瓣置换（tricuspid valve replacement,TVR）34例,比较两组的近、远期结果.并比较存活组与术后早期死亡组及术后远期死亡组的临床资料,分析手术早期及远期死亡的危险因素.结果 随访时间（6.3±3.4）年,随访率97％,死亡14例（34.1％）.TVP组术后死于右心功能衰竭1例（14.3％）,无远期死亡;因再发重度TR于术后3.5年行TVR1例.TVR组手术死亡8例,远期死亡5例,死亡率38.2％.因右心功能衰竭死亡9例,感染性心内膜炎、脑出血、猝死、结肠癌术后肝转移死亡各1例.TVP组死亡率有高于TVR组的趋势（P=0.43）.手术早期死亡组三尖瓣反流面积、肌酐值明显高于与存活组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而术后远期死亡组右心室大小、肌酐值明显高于存活组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 左心瓣膜置换术后远期孤立性TR的再次手术死亡率高,选择TVP将有助于降低死亡率.三尖瓣反流程度重、术前肌酐值升高是手术早期死亡的危险因素;右心室大小和术前肌酐值升高是术后远期死亡的危险因素.     

二尖瓣置换术后患者持续性心房颤动心率控制与节律控制的对比分析

目的 研究风湿性心脏病(风心病)二尖瓣置换术后心率控制与节律控制对患者远期预后的影响.方法 本试验采用回顾性分析.选择2006年在我院择期行二尖瓣置换术的患者197例,按术后心律情况分为窦性心律组(n=100)和心房颤动(房颤)组(n=97).收集患者基本资料,以患者手术结束为试验起始时间,随访术后发生脑卒中及心脏性死...     

Risk Factors for Midterm Cardiac Function Deterioration After Valve Replacement Surgery in Patients With Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

BackgroundA symptomatic reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the main reason for postoperative heart failure after valve replacement surgery. However, postoperative heart failure occurs in patients with normal preoperative LVEF. Therefore, we examined clinical and echocardiographic data of patients with rheumatic heart disease to determine additional risk factors for low LVEF in the postoperative period.Methods and ResultsNinety-seven patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) who underwent mitral valve replacement for severe mitral valve stenosis were included retrospectively in this study. All patients had normal LVEF before surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on postoperative LVEF 6 months after surgery. Groups A had normal postoperative LVEF (82 cases, 84.5%), and group B had low postoperative LVEF (15 cases, 15.5%). Clinical and electrocardiographic data were collected to determine risk factors for deterioration in cardiac function.Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative low systolic peak velocities at the lateral tricuspid annulus (St) and no or mild aortic stenosis were independent risk factors for cardiac deterioration in patients with normal preoperative LVEF. Individuals with preoperative St ≤4.8 cm/s were more likely to develop lower LVEF at follow-up (χ² = 7.54; P = .006; odds ratio 5.03, 95% confidence interval 1.31–20.82). All 15 patients who had normal preoperative LVEF but abnormal postoperative LVEF had no or only mild aortic valve stenosis.ConclusionsDecreased right ventricular function and no or mild aortic stenosis were independent risk factors for low LVEF at follow-up in patients with RHD who had normal preoperative LVEF. The velocity of the tricuspid valve ring should be included in preoperative evaluations to improve the accuracy of postsurgical prognosis and clinical decision making.     

Role of postoperative use of adrenergic drugs in occurrence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND: Use of adrenergic (inotropic and vasopressor) drugs is common after cardiac surgery. HYPOTHESIS: The study was undertaken to evaluate the role of postoperative adrenergic drug use as a predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery. METHODS: The study population consisted of 199 patients post cardiac surgery. Postoperative adrenergic drug use and the baseline and clinical variables were analyzed as possible predictors of postoperative AF. RESULTS: Of 199 patients, postoperative AF occurred in 59 patients (incidence 30%). The adrenergic drugs were used in 127 (64%) patients. Postoperative AF occurred in 49 of the 127 patients (39%) with and in 10 of the 72 patients (14%) without adrenergic drug use (p < 0.01). By univariate analyses, postoperative adrenergic drug use, age, left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial size, valve surgery, aortic valve replacement, cross clamp time, bypass time, postoperative ventricular pacing, and hours in intensive care unit were predictors of development of postoperative AF. Atrial pacing was a predictor of freedom from developing AF. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, adrenergic drug use was an independent predictor of postoperative AF (odds ratio [OR] 3.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-8.12, p = 0.016). Two other independent predictors were valve surgery (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.31-6.35, p = 0.002) and age (OR 10.73, 95% CI 10.37-11.10, p = 0.0001). Adrenergic drug use, valve surgery, ventricular pacing, and age were predictors of time duration from surgery to the occurrence of AF. Drugs with predominantly beta1-adrenergic receptor affinity were associated with a higher incidence of postoperative AF (dopamine 44%, dobutamine 41% vs. phenylepherine 20%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Use of adrenergic drugs is an independent predictor of postoperative AF after cardiac surgery.     

三尖瓣替换术及其早期死亡原因探讨

三尖瓣替换术，由于其手术死亡率高，一般只有在三尖瓣成形术无法成功的情况下才予施行。我院自１９８６年１月至１９９４年１０月，连续进行了７００例心脏瓣膜替换术，其中１７例（２．４３％）患者接受了三尖瓣替换术。１７例中１２例为风湿性心脏病患者，４例为Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ畸形，余１例为右房恶性间皮瘤。本组术后早期死亡５例（２９．４％），死亡原因主要是术后广泛渗血、严重低心输出量综合征、急性肾功能衰竭和恶性心律失常。     

Risk Factors for the Development of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation and Their Population-Attributable Fractions

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine risk factors for progression to hemodynamically significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and the population burden attributable to these risk factors.BackgroundFew data are available with regard to risk factors associated with the development of hemodynamically significant functional TR.MethodsA total of 1,552 subjects were studied beginning with an index echocardiogram demonstrating trivial or mild TR. Risk factors for progression to moderate or severe TR were determined by using logistic regression and classification trees. Population attributable fractions were calculated for each risk factor.ResultsDuring a median follow-up time of 38 (interquartile range [IQR]: 26 to 63) months, 292 patients (18.8%) developed moderate/severe TR. Independent predictors of TR progression were age, female sex, heart failure, pacemaker electrode, atrial fibrillation (AF), and indicators of left heart disease, including left atrial (LA) enlargement, elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and left-sided valvular disease. Classification and regression tree analysis demonstrated that the strongest predictors of TR progression were PAP of ≥36 mm Hg, LA enlargement, age ≥60 years, and AF. In the absence of these 4 risk factors, progression to moderate or severe TR occurred in ∼3% of patients. Age (28.4%) and PAP (20.5%) carried the highest population-attributable fractions for TR progression. In patients with TR progression, there was a marked concomitant increase of incident cases of elevated PAP (40%); mitral and aortic valve intervention (12%); reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction (19%), and new AF (32%) (all p < 0.01).ConclusionsTR progression is determined mainly by markers of increased left-sided filling pressures (PAP and LA enlargement), AF, and age. At the population level, age and PAP are the most important contributors to the burden of significant TR. TR progression entails a marked parallel increase in the severity of left-sided heart disease.     

复发性心脏瓣膜病再次外科治疗效果及其相关因素

目的:回顾性分析对二尖瓣闭式扩张术、瓣膜成形术、瓣周漏、人工机械瓣功能障碍、生物瓣衰坏等原因引起的复发性瓣膜病变进行再次手术的效果和相关因素。方法: 复发性瓣膜病患者331（男143,女188）例,年龄12～73(46±12)岁,两次手术间隔时间2月～25(17±8)年。其中二尖瓣闭式扩张术后再狭窄143例,二尖瓣或主动脉瓣成形术后瓣膜病变复发53例,生物瓣衰坏32例,瓣周漏26例,换瓣术后其它瓣膜病21例,人工瓣膜替换或瓣膜成形术后心内膜炎17例, Ebstein畸形矫治术后三尖瓣关闭不全15例,人工瓣膜机械功能故障9例,室间隔缺损修补术并行瓣膜成形术后心内膜炎7例,完全或部分性心内膜垫缺损和矫正性大动脉转位术后二尖瓣或三尖瓣关闭不全6 例,二尖瓣球囊扩张术2例。再次手术方式为二尖瓣替换术,主动脉瓣替换术,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣替换术,三尖瓣替换术,瓣周漏修补术及三尖瓣成形术等。结果: 全组共死亡27例,占8.2％,早期主要死亡原因为低心排出量综合征、室性心律失常、多脏器功能衰竭、左心室破裂、感染性心内膜炎、肾功能衰竭。随访259例,随访期6月～21（10±7）年,心功能恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级189例。复发性心脏瓣膜病再次手术的危险因素包括术前心功能差、重要脏器功能不全、急诊手术、主动脉阻断时间和体外循环时间长等。结论: 针对再手术相关的危险因素进行积极防治,适时而妥善的外科手术和围手术期处理仍可获良好效果。     

老年瓣膜置换术后重症肺炎的易感因素和治疗分析

目的 探讨老年心脏瓣膜病患者接受换瓣手术后发生肺炎的易感因素及治疗方法.方法 对2002年1月至2009年5月收治的246例60岁以上的老年心脏瓣膜病患者接受换瓣手术后发生重症肺炎的病例进行回顾性分析.结果 发生重症肺炎27例（11.0%）.单因素分析发现,手术前年龄、慢性肺部疾病史、心脏手术史、手术前左室射血分数、多瓣膜置换、手术升主动脉阻断时间、合并冠脉搭桥手术、术后24 h输血量等因素与手术后发生肺炎相关.多因素logistic回归分析发现,慢性肺部疾病史、合并冠脉手术、手术后24 h输血量≥2000 ml是老年患者换瓣手术后重症肺炎的独立危险因素.病原学检查以革兰阴性菌为主.结论 老年瓣膜置换手术后的肺部感染是多因素作用的结果,减少其发生率应始于术前,严于术中,善于术后.     

Progression of isolated tricuspid regurgitation late after mitral valve surgery for rheumatic mitral valve disease

BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) may develop late after mitral valve surgery without significant mitral stenosis, regurgitation and other causes of left heart failure. The study aim was to investigate severe isolated TR late after mitral valve surgery for rheumatic mitral valve disease. METHODS: A total of 208 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery (valve replacement in 121, commissurotomy in 62, valvuloplasty in 25) was investigated. The mean (+/-SD) follow up was 13+/-6 years. Severe isolated TR was defined clinically by elevated venous pressure, and echocardiographically by grade 4+ TR without significant mitral stenosis, regurgitation, other causes of left heart failure, pulmonary hypertension or rheumatic tricuspid valve. RESULTS: Severe isolated TR was identified in 30 patients (14%) at four to 24 years after mitral valve surgery. All patients had atrial fibrillation. Of these patients, 23 had medical treatment and seven had tricuspid valve surgery. Three of the medically treated patients were in NYHA class IV and died from multiple organ failure at three to seven years after severe TR was diagnosed. Among surgically treated patients, four were in NYHA class IV and had postoperative complications (one early death, one late death), while three NYHA class II/III patients had very few postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Severe isolated TR was detected in 14% of patients after mitral valve surgery. It is important to detect patients with progressive heart failure and to indicate earlier reoperation in order to prevent significant late mortality.