佳木斯市6366例儿童发铜、铁含量与健康状况相关性分析

为探讨儿童发铜及发铁的含量与智力发育及健康状况的关系 ,共对 6366例少幼儿 (健康对照组 12 17例 ,患儿组 5 14 9例 )发样中铜和铁元素的含量进行了统计分析。结果显示 ,患儿组发铜、发铁含量均低于对照组 ,部分年龄段两组之间及不同性别之间有显著差异 ,患儿组发铜与发铁缺乏率均显著高于对照组 ,说明发铜与发铁含量与儿童智力发育及健康状况紧密相关     

佳木斯市2690例小学生发铁含量分析

通过对佳木斯市2690例小学生（7－14岁）发铁含量分析，得出患儿组较正常组、患儿组女性较男性发铁偏低率显著偏高，说明发铁偏低是多种疾病产生的因素之一，此外小学生（7－14）岁女性因缺铁引起的多种疾病尤为突出，应引起家长的重视．     

发锌发铜值测定在儿童皮肤病中的临床意义

作者于1994年～1996年用原子吸收分光光度计测定200例4种皮肤病患儿发锌发铜值，以探讨其临床意义。临床资料一、一般资料200例患儿年龄1～10岁，平均年龄61岁。其中湿疹52例，男20例，女32例，年龄2～8岁；单纯糠疹56例，男34例，女22例，年龄2～10岁；斑秃44例，男19例，女25例，年龄6～10岁；白辍风48例，男26例，女22例，年龄4～10岁。采用倪亚明等于1992年测定南京地区10295例1～10岁健康儿童头发中锌、铜元素的男女平均值作为健康儿童对照组。二、方法（l）发锌的收集与处理：取患儿后枕部新生头发1克左右，离发根1～3cm，除去头发表…     

脑血管疾病与血清中微量元素含量的关系

<正> 我们应用日本AA-835型原子吸收分光光度计采用火焰原子吸收法对97例脑血管疾病患者(男67例,女30例,平均年龄55.9岁,其中出血性12例,缺血性85例)和50例健康人(男23例,女27例,平均年龄55.4岁)进行了血清铜、锌、锂、硒等四种微量元素的含量比较。在获得较好的分析准确度与精密度数据后观察其结果,发现脑血管疾病患者的血清铜、锌、锂、硒均显著低于健康人(P<0.001),而铜锌比值脑血管疾病患者与健康人无显著性差异(P>0.05)。表明,血清中铜、锌、     

呼吸道感染患儿唾液SIgA与溶菌酶含量测定的临床意义

呼吸系统的疾病为儿科常见病、多发病,它与各种病原微生物、变应原及其它有害物质的侵入有直接关系。新近的研究资料表明,粘膜的局部免疫对呼吸道疾病的病因、发病机制、诊断治疗和预防均具有十分重要的临床价值。本文报道小儿呼吸道感染59例患儿唾液ＳＩｇＡ（分泌性免疫球蛋白)溶菌酶的测定结果及临床意义。1　对象与方法11　测定对象　(1)正常组:35例,为口腔粘膜正常、无牙周病及唾液腺疾病的健康小儿,男20例,女15例;年龄5～10岁,平均76岁。(2)患儿组:59例,上呼吸道感染38例,肺炎21例,均为本院住院病人,临床明确诊断,其中男38例,女21例;…     

国产伊曲康唑(美扶)治疗儿童头癣40例

本院从2004年10月—2006年12月采用国产伊曲康唑胶囊(商品名:美扶)治疗儿童头癣获得满意疗效,现报告如下。1资料与方法1·1临床资料所有患儿均来自本院皮肤科门诊,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组40例,男26例,女14例,年龄平均7.2岁(3~12岁),病程平均6.3周(2~8周),其中白癣26例,黑点癣12例,脓癣2例;对照组30例,男18例,女12例,年龄平均7.5岁(3~13岁),病程平均6.1周(2~7周),其中白癣20例,黑点癣8例,脓癣2例。两组患儿2个月内均未外用或口服抗真菌药物和皮质类固醇激素,患处未伴发其他皮肤病,患儿无肝、肾功能障碍。1·2真菌学检查取皮损处病发…     

布地奈德结合维生素A为主的多种营养素预防早产儿支气管肺发育不良的分析

目的 分析布地奈德结合维生素A为主的多种营养素预防早产儿支气管肺发育不良的效果。方法 将商丘市第一人民医院在2021年1月至2022年12月期间收治的支气管肺发育不良早产患儿80例为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为观察组(n=40)、对照组(n=40),观察组实施布地奈德结合以维生素A为主的多种营养素治疗,对照组实施常规综合性治疗,对比两组患儿相关治疗时间、呼吸机参数、血气指标、炎性因子、营养状态以及副作用。结果 观察组吸氧时间、住院时间、呼吸机停止使用时间短于对照组,组间对比统计学差异显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患儿呼气末正压(PEEP)、吸气峰压(PIP)、吸入氧浓度(FiO₂)水平低于对照组,血氧分压(PaO₂)水平高于对照组、二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)水平低于对照组,炎性因子水平低于对照组,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿并发症发生率对比无显著差异(P>0.5),但观察组并发症发生率稍低。结论 针对支气管肺发育不良早产患儿实施布地奈德结合以维生素A为主的多种营养素进行预防性...     

幼儿百服咛滴剂的临床疗效观察

发热是儿科疾病中最常见的症状之一,小儿发热常伴有头晕、头痛、烦躁不安、食欲不振等全身症状。因此,及时退热和缓解不适症状,在临床上具有重要意义。幼儿百服咛滴剂是中美上海施贵宝制药有限公司生产的幼儿退热剂,我院将其试用于50例因各种疾病而引起发热的患儿,以观察其疗效。 1 资料和方法 1.1 病例选择 选择自1997年2～4月在本院门、急诊就诊的发热患儿,共50例。其中男35例,女15例。年龄为2～36月(2～     

安摩乐口服液治疗小儿厌食症60例疗效观察

我科采用安摩乐口服液治疗小儿厌食症 6 0例 ,获得较为满意的疗效 ,现报告如下。1　一般资料随机选择 3～ 6岁的门诊厌食患儿 12 0例 ,分成两组。治疗组男 38例 ,女 2 2例 ;对照组男 35例 ,女 2 5例。所有患儿病程均在 6个月以上 ,最长达 4年。2　临床表现食欲减退、营养不良及贫血 ,见表 1。表 1　　　　小儿厌食症临床表现食欲减退营养不良贫血0级 级 级 级轻度重度轻度中度重度治疗组(例数 ) 0 2 82 75 475 2 7181对照组(例数 ) 0 3 2 2 444 83 2 815 1　　食欲分度 :0级正常 , 级较正常 , 级少 1/ 2 , 级 2 / 3。3　治疗方法12 0例随…     

干扰素治疗小儿上呼吸道感染的研究

小儿上呼吸道感染是儿科最常见的疾病,上呼吸道感染90%为病毒所致,虽多数能自限,但仍有相当一部分患儿出现肺炎、心肌炎、脑炎、心力衰竭等并发症,部分患者病情迁延,出现多种并发症。我们使用干扰素治疗小儿上呼吸道感染,取得较好疗效,现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料选取2006年6月至2007年6月我院门诊小儿上呼吸道感染患者240例,年龄3个月~3岁,病程2~48h,均表现为发热(体温38~40.5℃)、干咳、流清鼻涕,其白细胞计数(2.7~10.0)×109/L,中性分类小于55%。随机分为A、B、C 3组:A组男46例,女34例;B组男39例,女41例;C组男45例,女35例。入组…     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

益生菌与肿瘤防治

益生菌广泛存在于自然界中,通过维持宿主体内菌群平衡、影响肠屏障功能和调节免疫应答等作用,提高宿主健康水平,被公认为"肠道健康卫士".一些益生菌可以增强机体的免疫功能,抑制致癌物质,影响肿瘤细胞的基因表达,对肿瘤具有拮抗作用.大量研究表明,益生菌在未来的肿瘤防治中有很好的应用和发展前景.     

Self-stimulation and amphetamine: Tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate

The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms.     

Acamprosate and naltrexone treatment effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and intake in ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats

Rationale  Two pharmacotherapies are approved for treating alcohol craving (acamprosate and naltrexone), but both have shown mixed findings in animals and humans. Objectives  The present experiments utilized a “reinforcer blocking” approach (i.e., rats were able to consume ethanol during treatment) to better understand the efficacy of these treatments for ethanol seeking and drinking using ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats. Materials and methods  In “nondependent” experiments, drugs (acamprosate 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; naltrexone 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered over 3-week periods prior to operant sessions with a low response requirement to gain access to reinforcers for 20 min. For “dependent” experiments, rats were made dependent in vapor/inhalation chambers. Results  Acamprosate and naltrexone had similar effects on intake in nondependent and dependent rats; neither drug was selective for ethanol over sucrose drinking. In nondependent animals, naltrexone was more efficacious at more doses than acamprosate, and acamprosate’s effects were limited to a dose that also had adverse effects on body weight. Both pharmacotherapies showed more selectivity when examining reinforcer seeking. In nondependent rats, acamprosate and naltrexone had response-attenuating effects in ethanol, but not sucrose, groups. In dependent animals, acamprosate had selective effects limited to a decrease in sucrose seeking. Naltrexone, however, selectively decreased ethanol-seeking in nondependent rats. Conclusions  The naltrexone-induced decreases in seeking suggested a change in incentive motivation which was selective for ethanol in nondependent rats. The “nondependent” paradigm may model early stages of “problem drinking” in humans, and the findings suggest that naltrexone could be a good intervention for this level of alcohol abuse and relapse prevention.     

Antiinfective and encrustation-inhibiting materials--myth and facts

Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically.     

Alprazolam and lorazepam single and multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and sleep

Summary The effects of alprazolam 0.5 mg and lorazepam 2 mg on cognitive and psychomotor skills were assessed in twelve normal volunteer subjects in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Single and multiple dose effects were monitored using a battery of tests comprising critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), choice reaction time (CRT), simulated car tracking, and subjective ratings of perceived sedation (LARS) and of sleep behaviour (LSEQ). Compared with placebo baseline scores, treatment with lorazepam 2 mg (both single and multiple doses) resulted in a widespread impairment of CRT, tracking accuracy, and CFFT. Single doses of alprazolam 0.5 mg reduced CFFT with respect to the placebo baseline. Single and multiple dose treatment with both drugs resulted in subjective reports of sedation, a reduction of sleep onset latency, and improved sleep quality. Only lorazepam 2 mg significantly disrupted the integrity of behaviour on waking from sleep. These results suggest important pharmacodynamic differences between the two drugs in the doses used.