打压植骨术治疗股骨头坏死的近期疗效

目的 探讨打压植骨术治疗股骨头坏死(ONFH)的近期疗效.方法 采用打压植骨术治疗52例(60髋)ONFH患者,随访时以ARCO分期、Harris评分及股骨头生存率作为疗效评价标准.结果 术后患者均未发生感染、神经受损、股骨颈骨折、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症.52例均获随访,时间11～54个月.按ARCO分期:术前:ⅡA期2例,ⅡB期6例(8髋),ⅡC期22例(25髋),ⅢA期14例(17髋),ⅢB期4例,ⅢC期4例;术后:ⅡA期1例,ⅡB期4例,ⅡC期4例(6髋),ⅢA期9例(10髋),ⅢB期4例,ⅢC期5例,Ⅳ期25例(30髋).Harris评分:术前44～ 77分,末次随访时57～ 91分.以THR为终点事件,股骨头生存率为78.2％.术前ARCO分期中,Ⅱ期股骨头生存率高于Ⅲ期股骨头生存率(P＜0.05).结论 打压植骨术对于治疗早中期ONFH患者疗效满意,术前分期越早,疗效越好.     

钽棒治疗早期非创伤性股骨头坏死的回归性研究

[目的]分析钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死的临床疗效,探讨影响钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死临床疗效的因素.[方法]钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死病例149例(168髋),男96例,女53例;平均年龄32.36岁.Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期(塌陷前)88髋,Ⅲ期(塌陷后)80髋,其中双侧19例.根据ARCO分期,进行Harris评分和影像学评估.将Harris评分70分以下、再次手术、影像学病变进展(股骨头由非塌陷变塌陷或塌陷加重,关节间隙狭窄加重)视为钽棒失败.[结果]共随访到130例138髋,平均随访时间(31.47±5.78)(8～61)个月,术前平均Harris评分为62.65,术后为79.50(P<0.05).优良率为68.12%.Cox风险模型分析显示大病灶、外侧病灶、植骨与否是手术失败的风险因素,病因、性别、年龄、病灶是否在股骨头骺板内,对钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死的临床疗效无明显影响.[结论]影响钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死临床疗效的因素是病灶大小(大于30%)、坏死灶位置(外侧型)、植骨与否,钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死需要清除死骨、联合植骨.     

髋关节骨髓水肿与股骨头坏死的相关性研究

[目的]探讨髋关节骨髓水肿(bone marrow edema,BME)严重程度与股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the fem-oral head,ONFH)塌陷及Harris评分的相关性,为临床对股骨头坏死病情的了解和预后的判断起到指导作用.[方法]根据患者X线和MRI检查,58例(94髋)ONFH未伴有股骨头塌陷的患者,随访16～28个月,平均18个月,回顾性研究其BME严重程度与随访后股骨头塌陷与否以及Harris评分的相关性.[结果]骨髓水肿程度与塌陷相关性结果:Ⅰ级水肿塌陷率为4.5%,Ⅱ级水肿塌陷率为11.8%,Ⅲ级水肿塌陷率为66.7%,Ⅳ级水肿塌陷率为90%:骨髓水肿程度与Harris评分相关性结果:Ⅰ级水肿评分为93.0±5.41分,Ⅱ级水肿评分为84.1±5.42分,Ⅲ级水肿评分为76.4±4.22分,Ⅳ级水肿评分为66.3±7.46分.[结论](1)骨髓水肿是ONFH一种继发征象;(2)通过骨髓水肿可以预测股骨头塌陷的趋势;(3)骨髓水肿分级与Harris评分呈负相关关系,即骨髓水肿范围越人,Harris评分越低.     

经皮头颈开窗人工骨支撑植骨术治疗早期股骨头坏死

[目的]探讨经皮头颈开窗人工骨支撑植骨术治疗早期股骨头坏死(塌陷前期)的近期临床疗效。[方法]2010年8月~2012年1月,本组共46例(51髋)患者接受经皮头颈开窗人工骨支撑植骨术治疗早期股骨头坏死(ACROⅡ期),其中男31例,女15例,平均年龄36.4岁,29例为酒精性ONFH,17例为激素性ONFH。术后第1、2、3、6个月、1年及以后每年门诊定期随访、X线片复查,依据Harris髋关节评分及优良率评估疗效。[结果]经过至少2年(25~52个月,平均38.6个月)随访,共44例(49髋)得到末次随访(失访率4.08%)。Harris评分由术前(73.50±6.81)分提高到末次随访时的(87.30±9.62)分,优良率由术前32.65%提高至末次随访时的87.75%,其中ACROⅡA期由37.50%提高到100%,ⅡB期由34.78%提高到91.30%,ⅡC期由27.77%提高到77.77%,手术前后优良率的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。该组共有8.16%(4/49)的患者最终行全髋关节置换术,其中ACROⅡA期0例,ⅡB期1例,ⅡC期3例;影像学显示共有14.29%(7/49)的患者发生影像学进展,其中ACROⅡA期0例,ⅡB 3例,ⅡC期4例。[结论]经皮头颈开窗人工骨支撑植骨术治疗早期股骨头坏死的近期疗效满意,具有操作简单、手术创伤小、恢复快及并发症少等优点,但中远期临床效果尚待进一步观察。     

小孔径多通道髓芯钻孔减压治疗早中期股骨头坏死

目的 回顾性分析小孔径多通道髓芯钻孔减压技术治疗股骨头坏死.并探讨其疗效及适应证.方法 2000年3月至2004年12月,共55例(85髋)早期股骨头坏死患者行股骨头髓芯减压术.所有病例入院时均按宾夕法尼亚大学分期法分期并行患髋Harris评分.所有患者均在"C"型臂X线机透视下采用直径3.2 mm空心环钻经大转子下向股骨头外上钻孔,平行3个通道钻孔减压.术后1、2、3、6个月门诊随访,以后每年门诊随访至少1次.随访观察比较患髋Harris评分变化,影像学进展及是否行人工髋关节置换术.术后评价:股骨头塌陷视为钻孔减压失败,疼痛缓解、股骨头未塌陷视为有效.结果 49例(79髋)患者获得随访,术后平均随访4.8(3.5-9.2)年.Ⅰ C期11髋,Harris评分由术前平均75分提高到末次随访时85分,1例(1个股骨头)术后1年发生塌陷;Ⅱ A期15髋,Harris评分由术前平均75分提高到85分,3例(3个股骨头)分别于术后1、2年发生塌陷;Ⅱ B期24髋,Harris评分由术前平均72分提高到83分,5例(6个股骨头)分别于术后1、2、4年发生塌陷;Ⅱ C期29髋,Harris评分由术前平均73分提高到82分,7例(9个股骨头)分别于术后1、2、3年发生塌陷.所有患者术后1个月疼痛均明显缓解,无明显手术并发症发生.结论 小孔径多通道髓芯钻孔减压技术治疗早中期、轻中度股骨头坏死,具有良好的近中期疗效,而且无明显手术并发症.     

钻孔减压自体松质骨打压植骨结合同种异体腓骨棒植入治疗早期股骨头坏死的近期疗效观察

目的回顾性分析钻孔减压基础上自体松质骨植入结合同种异体腓骨移植治疗早期股骨头坏死（ONFH）（塌陷前期）的近期临床疗效。方法从2009年8月至2011年5月,本组共19例（19髋）诊断为ONFH（FicatⅡ期）患者接受股骨头钻孔减压、经减压通道清除股骨头坏死骨并取转子间区自体松质骨打压植骨,经通道植入经深低温冷冻处理的同种异体腓骨棒治疗。患者年龄26～47岁,平均36.4岁,男17例,女2例。15例为酒精性ONFH,4例为激素性ONFH。其中15例为双侧ONFH,7例一侧因股骨头塌陷同时接受全髋关节置换治疗,8例因另外一侧无症状或已塌陷但临床症状不明显而接受观察、保守治疗。术前采用Harris评分系统进行患髋评分。术后予以对症治疗,定期随访、拍片复查。结果本组16例（16髋）获得随访,失访3例,其中末次电话随访3例（3髋）,平均随访14个月。Harris评分由术前74分提高到末次随访时的85分（78～96分）。酒精性ONFH患者和激素性ONFH患者之间术前及术后Harris评分无明显差别。影像学检查显示,移植同种异体腓骨位置良好,顶端位于股骨头关节面软骨下骨5～8mm,平均6.6mm,腓骨顶端于股骨头外上方负重区;无1例发生腓骨脱出。1例1髋病情进展股骨头发生塌陷,无1例接受全髋关节置换治疗。无感染（包括浅表感染和深部移植之腓骨周围感染）,无术中、术后股骨转子间或股骨颈骨折发生。结论髓芯减压结合自体松质骨移植基础上,植入同种异体腓骨对早期ONFH近期临床疗效满意,中远期临床效果尚待进一步观察。     

蛙式侧位分型在植骨支撑术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死中的意义

目的探讨支撑植骨术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死（ONFH）的初期疗效及蛙式侧位分型的意义。方法 2004年1月至2007年12月,采用支撑植骨术治疗随访93例（123髋）酒精性ONFH患者,随访时间18～52个月,平均随访36.4个月;年龄25～65岁,平均年龄（41.0±8.5）岁。按ARCO分期：Ⅱ、ⅢA、ⅢB～C期分别为33、63、27髋;术前正位分型C1、C2分别为24、99髋;术前蛙式侧位分型C1、C2分别为32、91髋;Harris评分平均为（80.6±6.4）分。结果 术后所有患者均无感染、神经损伤等并发症;术后ARCO分期：Ⅲ、Ⅳ期分别为36、87髋;术后Harris评分（91±7.3）分;以关节置换为终点事件股骨头生存率约82.2%。术前蛙式侧位C1、C2的生存率分别为100%、77.6%。经检验术前蛙式侧位分型为C1的股骨头生存率高于蛙式侧位分型为C2的股骨头生存率（2=4.301,P=0.038）。结论 支撑植骨术治疗酒精性ONFH的初期疗效良好,治疗效果与ONFH蛙式侧位分型密切相关,尤其适用于蛙式侧位分型坏死范围未超过髋臼外侧缘的ONFH早期患者。     

手术配合生骨饮Ⅱ号方治疗塌陷前期非创伤性股骨头坏死的临床研究

目的:探讨髓芯减压打压支撑植骨术配合生骨饮Ⅱ号方治疗塌陷前期非创伤性股骨头坏死的疗效。方法:非创伤性股骨头坏死患者19例(23髋),采用髓芯减压打压支撑植骨术配合术后生骨饮Ⅱ号方口服治疗,随访8个月～5年,从X线片的股骨头塌陷程度和髋关节功能Harris评分两方面对疗效进行评价。结果:未发生塌陷的20髋,2髋塌陷加重不超过2mm,1髋塌陷2～4mm,Harris评分,术后(88.62±4.80)分。优19髋,良3髋,可1髋。结论:髓芯减压打压支撑植骨术配合生骨饮Ⅱ号方治疗非创伤性股骨头坏死有利于骨坏死修复,能够预防股骨头坏死塌陷。     

外科脱位经头凹植骨治疗股骨头坏死

[目的]总结经髋关节外科脱位入路头凹处开窗死骨清除植骨治疗股骨头坏死的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2013年1月~2015年1月应用髋关节外科脱位入路经股骨头头凹处开窗死骨清除打压植骨术治疗32例(36髋)股骨头坏死病例资料,男21例(23髋),女11例(13髋),年龄20~53岁,平均(35.61±5.24)岁;激素性股骨头坏死13例(17髋),酒精性股骨头坏死11例(13髋),特发性股骨头坏死8例(8髋);ARCO股骨头坏死分期Ⅱb期16髋,Ⅱc期12髋,Ⅲa期8髋。采取髋关节外科脱位入路显露股骨头,经股骨头凹处开窗进行死骨清除自体骨打压植骨治疗,术中根据股骨头钻孔渗出情况分血性渗出组和淡黄色脂样渗出组。术后避免早期负重,术后3、6、12个月复查,根据髋关节Harris评分进行疗效分析。[结果]32例患者均获得随访,随访时间25~42个月,平均(35.63±5.25)个月,随访期间未出现伤口感染、大转子截骨端不愈合等并发症。术后股骨头植骨均重建,重建时间为1~1.5年。不同ARCO分期患者治疗后Harris评分均高于术前,P值0.05,差异有统计学意义。血性渗出组与脂样渗出组术前Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义,但MRI坏死面积存在明显差异,术后12个月血性渗出组Harris评分显著高于脂样渗出组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]髋关节外科脱位入路经头凹处开窗死骨清除自体骨打压植骨治疗大面积股骨头坏死或病灶位于后内侧者病灶清除更彻底,切除周围增生血管翳,同时可进行头颈成形,并且股骨头钻孔不同渗出情况与术后疗效存在明显相关性。     

同种异体螺纹骨笼结合脱钙骨基质治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨采用同种异体螺纹骨笼结合脱钙骨基质(DBM)治疗早、中期股骨头缺血性坏死(ONFH)的中期随访效果。方法采用同种异体骨支撑架结合DBM治疗40例(60髋)ONFH患者并随访观察。按Ficat分期:Ⅱ期35髋,Ⅲ期25髋。结果 40例(60髋)获随访,时间9年6个月~12年5个月。术后Harris评分为(82.78±10.77),与术前(53.20±15.72)分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。其中优29髋,良20髋,可3髋,差8髋,优良率81.7%。差评的8髋全部行人工全髋关节置换术。结论同种异体螺纹骨笼联合DBM治疗成人ONFH手术损伤小,特别是适合治疗早期ONFH的年轻患者,中期疗效满意,能有效防止股骨头塌陷。     

股骨近端骨纤维结构不良的外科治疗—一种分区方法

[目的]通过对39例接受外科治疗的股骨近端骨纤维结构不良病例进行回顾性分析,提出用于指导外科治疗的分区方法,并根据分区方法探讨股骨近端骨纤维结构不良的外科治疗策略。[方法]对1998~2009年收治的39例股骨近端骨纤维结构不良症病例进行回顾性分析,根据患者术前X线平片判断病变范围,并根据股骨近端受累范围提出分区方法。分析分区类型与外科治疗方案的关系。并通过对患者术后局部病灶控制情况及术后功能(MSTS 93评分)评价外科治疗的效果。[结果]根据39例病变范围,并结合股骨近端解剖特点,将股骨近端分为四个区:Ⅰ区,股骨干(小粗隆以下);Ⅱ区,粗隆间(小转子至股骨颈基底部);Ⅲ区,股骨颈;Ⅳ区,股骨头。根据上述分区,病变分为7种类型,Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型3例,Ⅰ+Ⅱ型6例,Ⅱ+Ⅲ型5例,Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ型2例,Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ型2例,Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ型1例。手术主要采用病变刮除植骨+内固定。内固定方式有DHS,髓内钉及人工关节置换,其中DHS最常见于Ⅱ区受累(57.58%),其次为Ⅲ区受累(24.24%);髓内针固定见于I区受累(64.70%)及Ⅱ区受累(35.30%)。病变累及三区及三区以上的病例,采用关节置换。本组39例均得到随访,中位随访时间为6.3年(0.5~11年)。MSTS 93评分:(91.70±9.64)%。局部复发率12.82%(5/39),均未发现局部畸形加重。本组病例随访结果满意,选取的治疗方法较为合理。[结论]制订股骨近端骨纤维结构不良外科治疗方案时,应先考虑病变部位特点,从而选用合理的内固定方式,达到较好的外科治疗效果;本文提出的分区方法可以作为术前制订外科治疗方案的参考。     

胫骨平台骨折术后行内固定翻修的治疗策略

[目的]探讨胫骨平台骨折术后行内固定翻修的指征、策略和临床效果.[方法]回顾2006年10月～2009年9月收治的胫骨平台骨折术后患者23例,均为首次术后4～12周症状改善不佳或出现内固定失败后来本院就诊.术前Schatzker分型Ⅳ型6例,V型7例,Ⅵ型10例.入院后评估首次手术的不足并制定个体化的翻修手术方案.术中对骨折行重新复位,调整关节面和膝关节力线,并选择恰当的锁定或非锁定接骨板对内侧、外侧及后侧骨块进行充分固定.术后视膝关节稳定程度尽早开始功能锻炼.[结果]术后未发生感染、深静脉血栓等早期并发症.随访骨折均愈合良好,平均愈合时间为12.7周,未发现复位丢失和内固定失败.术后12个月膝关节功能评分(HSS)达77.9,较术前明显改善(P=0.000).[结论]笔者认为胫骨平台骨折术后翻修的指征包括严重的关节面塌陷(>5mm)、膝关节力线不良(胫骨平台内翻角≧95°或≦80°)以及固定不充分.针对性的翻修手术辅以术后早期功能锻炼可获得良好的治疗效果.     

Protective ventilation influences systemic inflammation after esophagectomy: a randomized controlled study

BACKGROUND: Esophagectomy induces a systemic inflammatory response whose extent has been recognized as a predictive factor of postoperative respiratory morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a protective ventilatory strategy to reduce systemic inflammation in patients undergoing esophagectomy. METHODS: The authors prospectively investigated 52 patients undergoing planned esophagectomy for cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to a conventional ventilation strategy (n = 26; tidal volume of 9 ml/kg during two-lung and one-lung ventilation; no positive end-expiratory pressure) or a protective ventilation strategy (n = 26; tidal volume of 9 ml/kg during two-lung ventilation, reduced to 5 ml/kg during one-lung ventilation; positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cm H2O throughout the operative time). RESULTS: Plasmatic levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured perioperatively and postoperatively. Pulmonary function and postoperative evolution were also evaluated. Patients who received protective strategy had lower blood levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 at the end of one-lung ventilation (0.24 [0.15-0.40] vs. 0.56 [0.38-0.89] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 91 [61-117] vs. 189 [127-294] pg/ml, P < 0.001; and 30 [22-45] vs. 49 [29-69] pg/ml, P < 0.05, respectively) and 18 h postoperatively (0.18 [0.13-0.30] vs. 0.43 [0.34-0.54] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 54 [36-89] vs. 116 [78-208] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 16 [11-24] vs. 35 [28-53] pg/ml, P < 0.001, respectively). Protective strategy resulted in higher oxygen partial pressure to inspired oxygen fraction ratio during one-lung ventilation and 1 h postoperatively and in a reduction of postoperative mechanical ventilation duration (115 +/- 38 vs. 171 +/- 57 min, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A protective ventilatory strategy decreases the proinflammatory systemic response after esophagectomy, improves lung function, and results in earlier extubation.     

Protective Ventilation Influences Systemic Inflammation after Esophagectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study

Background: Esophagectomy induces a systemic inflammatory response whose extent has been recognized as a predictive factor of postoperative respiratory morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a protective ventilatory strategy to reduce systemic inflammation in patients undergoing esophagectomy.

Methods: The authors prospectively investigated 52 patients undergoing planned esophagectomy for cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to a conventional ventilation strategy (n = 26; tidal volume of 9 ml/kg during two-lung and one-lung ventilation; no positive end-expiratory pressure) or a protective ventilation strategy (n = 26; tidal volume of 9 ml/kg during two-lung ventilation, reduced to 5 ml/kg during one-lung ventilation; positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cm H2O throughout the operative time).

Results: Plasmatic levels of interleukin (IL)-1[beta], IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor [alpha] were measured perioperatively and postoperatively. Pulmonary function and postoperative evolution were also evaluated. Patients who received protective strategy had lower blood levels of IL-1[beta], IL-6, and IL-8 at the end of one-lung ventilation (0.24 [0.15-0.40] vs. 0.56 [0.38-0.89] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 91 [61-117] vs. 189 [127-294] pg/ml, P < 0.001; and 30 [22-45] vs. 49 [29-69] pg/ml, P < 0.05, respectively) and 18 h postoperatively (0.18 [0.13-0.30] vs. 0.43 [0.34-0.54] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 54 [36-89] vs. 116 [78-208] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 16 [11-24] vs. 35 [28-53] pg/ml, P < 0.001, respectively). Protective strategy resulted in higher oxygen partial pressure to inspired oxygen fraction ratio during one-lung ventilation and 1 h postoperatively and in a reduction of postoperative mechanical ventilation duration (115 +/- 38 vs. 171 +/- 57 min, P < 0.001).     

Management of acute cholecystitis in the laparoscopic era: Results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial

The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to determine whether laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be performed as an early or a delayed operation in patients with acute cholecystitis. After diagnostic workup, patients were randomized to one of two groups: (1) early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (i.e., within 7 days after onset of symptoms) or (2) initial conservative treatment followed by delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy 6 to 8 weeks later. Seventy-four patients were placed in the early-operation group, and 71 patients were assigned to the delayed-operation strategy. There was no significant difference in conversion rates (early 31% vs. delayed 29%), operating times (early 98 [range 30 to 355] minutes vs. delayed 100 [45 to 280] minutes), or complications. Failure with the conservative treatment strategy was noted in 26% of these patients. The total hospital stay was significantly shorter in the early group (5 [range 3 to 63] days) vs. the delayed group (8 [range 4 to 50] days; P < 0.05). Despite a high conversion rate, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy offered significant advantages in the management of acute cholecystitis compared to a conservative strategy. The greatest advantage was a reduced total hospital stay.     

椎管内髓外神经鞘瘤手术方式的多中心临床回顾性研究

[目的]探讨手术治疗椎管内髓外神经鞘瘤的手术疗效和治疗策略。[方法]回顾性分析2008年6月～2010年11月手术治疗并获得完整随访的84例椎管神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料。手术方式分为:A种,全椎板切除+肿瘤显微摘除术;B种,半椎板切除+肿瘤摘除术;C种,全椎板切除+肿瘤摘除+椎弓根螺钉内固定术;D种,全椎板切除+肿瘤摘除术。以肿瘤所在部位:颈段、胸段、腰骶段分别进行评价患者肿瘤全切除率,手术时间,术中出血量,手术并发症,住院天数,住院总费用,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日本矫形外科协会(JOA)评分标准。[结果]颈段椎管内髓外神经鞘瘤的切除首选半椎板切除+肿瘤摘除术。腰骶段神经鞘瘤建议采用全椎板切除+肿瘤摘除+椎弓根螺钉内固定术。胸段神经鞘瘤患者适用于全椎板切除+肿瘤显微摘除术。[结论]进行椎管内髓外神经鞘瘤手术方式的选择时,应根据肿瘤所在部位的不同,采取不同的手术方式进行有效治疗。     

切开与关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前方不稳定疗效的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析比较切开与关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前方不稳定的临床疗效差异。 方法检索包括国内、外1954年1月至2018年1月已发表的临床对照研究。所检索的数据库包括Embase、Pubmed、Central、Cinahl、PQDT（ProQuest Dissertations and Theses）、中国知网、维普、万方、Cochrane Library、CBM （China Biology Medicine）等数据库。中文检索的关键词为切开、开放、关节镜、Latarjet,检索策略为Latarjet并且切开或关节镜或开放。英文检索的关键词为Open、Arthroscopy、Latarjet,检索策略为Latarjet AND Open OR Arthroscopic。提取数据后,采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行数据分析,比较关节镜下与开放式Latarjet手术间的疗效差异。 结果依据以上检索策略,共检索到相关文献887篇,并最终纳入7篇外文文献。通过比较发现,在Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前方不稳定时,开放式组术后Rowe评分优于关节镜下组[95% CI, （0.03, 3.25）, P=0.05],而且开放式组术后骨块移位情况[95% CI（0.12, 0.88）, P=0.03]及患者焦虑程度[95% CI（0.20, 0.75）, P=0.005]均少于关节镜下组,其差异具有统计学意义。其余结局指标术后Walch-Duplay评分[95% CI（-9.57, 10.65）, P=0.92];术后肩关节活动度[95% CI（-2.32, 7.64）, P=0.30];术中及术后各种并发症发生率[95% CI（0.42, 3.39）, P=0.74]、[95% CI（0.14, 2.49）, P=0.48]、[95% CI（0.77, 14.09）, P=0.11]、[95% CI（0.46, 4.89）, P=0.51]、[95% CI（0.12, 0.88）, P=0.03]、[95% CI（0.12, 7.22）, P=0.94] ;术后复发率[95% CI（0.21, 3.56）, P=0.85];术后视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS） [95% CI（-0.25, 2.92）, P=0.10];手术所需时间[95% CI（-70.10, 11.81）, P=0.10]两组间差异均无统计学意义。 结论开放式与关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前方不稳定均能取得良好的治疗效果,且并发症及复发率相当。虽然开放式组在术后Rowe评分、术后骨块移位情况和患者焦虑程度三个指标上均优于关节镜下组,但是关节镜手术仍不失为是一种安全可行的治疗选择。     

Liver transplantation versus watchful waiting in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with complete response to bridging therapy – a retrospective observational study

Bridging therapy to prevent progression on the waiting list can result in a sustained complete response (sCR). In some patients, the liver transplantation (LT) risk might exceed those of tumor recurrence. We thus evaluated whether a watchful waiting (CR-WW) strategy could be a feasible alternative to transplantation (CR-LT). We performed a retrospective analysis of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with a sCR (CR > 6 months). Permitted bridging included thermoablation, resection, and combinations of either with transarterial chemoembolization. Patients were divided into the intended treatment strategies CR-WW and CR-LT. 39 (18.40%) sCR patients from 212 were investigated. 22 patients were treated with a CR-LT and 17 patients a CR-WW strategy. Five-year RFS was lower in the CR-WW than in the CR-LT group [53.3% (22.1%; 77.0%) and 84.0% (57.6%; 94.7%)]. 29.4% (5/17) CR-WW patients received salvage transplantation because of recurrence. OS (5-year) was 83.9% [56.8%; 94.7%] after LT and 75.4% [39.8%; 91.7%] after WW. Our analysis shows that the intuitive decision made by our patients in agreement with their treating physicians for a watchful waiting strategy in sCR can be justified. Applied on a larger scale, this strategy could help to reduce the pressure on the donor pool.     

Enhanced Peripheral Analgesia Using Virally Mediated Gene Transfer of the [mu]-Opioid Receptor in Mice

Background: The use of opioids to treat pain is often limited by side effects mediated through the central nervous system. The current study used a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 to increase expression of the [mu]-opioid receptor ([mu]OR) in primary afferent neurons. The goal of this strategy was to enhance peripheral opioid analgesia.

Methods: Cutaneous inoculation with herpes simplex virus containing [mu]OR complementary DNA (cDNA) in antisense (SGAMOR) or sense (SGMOR) orientation relative to a constitutive promoter, or complementary DNA for Escherichia coli lac Z gene as a control virus (SGZ) was used to modify the levels of [mu]OR in primary afferents. The effects of altered [mu]OR levels on peripheral analgesia were then examined.

Results: At 4 weeks after SGAMOR and SGMOR infection, decreased and increased [mu]OR immunoreactivity was observed in ipsilateral dorsal hind paw skin, lumbar dorsal root ganglion cells, and superficial dorsal horns, respectively, compared with SGZ. This change in [mu]OR expression in mice by SGAMOR and SGMOR was accompanied at the behavioral level with a rightward and leftward shift in the loperamide dose-response curve, respectively, compared with SGZ.     

Impact of noninvasive down-staging after transurethral resection of bladder tumor plus systemic chemotherapy on bladder-sparing strategy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer

ObjectiveTo identify the optimal selection criteria for bladder sparing strategy with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and systemic chemotherapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in 71 patients with MIBC (T2-4aN0M0) who desire to bladder preservation received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) after maximal TURBT, followed by clinical restaging and second-TURBT. Fifty-eight of 71 patients with no residual tumor on the second-TURBT were placed on conservative management for bladder sparing (BS). Noninvasive down-staging (NID) was defined as cT0/Ta/Tis/T1N0 at first-TURBT after NAC and no residual tumor on second-TURBT. Overall survival (OS) and cystectomy-free survival (CFS) were assessed according to the response of NAC in the BS group by using Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent variables predicting OS.ResultsAt a median follow-up of 40 months 5-year OS and CFS in patients with NID and non-NID were 89.1% versus 20.8% and 84.8% versus 16.7%, respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that the ≥3 cycles of NAC (hazard ratio [HR] 0.14, 95% confidential index [CI] 0.03–0.7; P = 0.017) and achievement of NID (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.46, P = 0.002) favorably associated with OS.ConclusionsPatients who achieved NID might be optimal candidates for the bladder sparing strategy with maximum TURBT plus NAC followed by second-TURBT.