Low dose fentanyl improves continuous bupivacaine epidural analgesia following orthopaedic, urological or general surgery

This retrospective study assessed the clinical efficacy of the addition of low concentrations of fentanyl to bupivacaine 0.125% when infused epidurally for postoperative analgesia. Three patient groups received bupivacaine 0.125% alone (n=70), bupivacaine 0.125% with 1 μg/ml fentanyl (n=100), and bupivacaine 0.125% with 2 μg/ml fentanyl (n=70). The percentage of patients with adequate analgesia (pain score ≤3) was higher in both fentanyl groups compared to the plain bupivacaine group on each of the three study days (p<0.05). Those receiving plain bupivacaine had a greater incidence of patchy or unilateral blocks compared to both fentanyl groups (p<0.05). The higher dose of fentanyl was associated with a greatly increased length of stable analgesia (p<0.01). Patient satisfaction scores were highest in the 2 μg/ml fentanyl group and lowest in the plain bupivacaine group, with significant differences between all groups (p<0.01). The incidence of nausea was significantly greater in the plain bupivacaine group compared to both fentanyl groups (p<0.001); other side effects were similar between the groups. We conclude that the addition of fentanyl 1–2 μg/ml to bupivacaine 0.125% for continuous epidural infusion significantly improved all indicators of analgesic quality, without an attendant increase in side effects in a routine clinical setting and is therefore to be recommended.     

罗哌卡因和布比卡因分别复合芬太尼应用于术后硬膜外镇痛的比较研究

目的比较罗哌卡因和布比卡因分别复合芬太尼用于术后持续硬膜外镇痛(CEA)的临床效果。方法硬膜外麻醉行下腹部手术、美国麻醉医师学会(American Society of Anesthesiologists，ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的50例患者，随机分为罗哌卡因复合芬太尼(RF、)组和布比卡因复合芬太尼(BF)组，每组25例。手术结束前5rain硬膜外腔注入负荷剂量，Rt?组为O．2％罗哌卡因 5μg／ml芬太尼5ml，BF组为O．2％布比卡因 5μg／m1芬太尼5ml。术毕，经硬膜外管持续泵入药物2ml／h，RF组为O．2％罗哌卡因 2μg／ml芬太尼，BF组为O．2％布比卡因 2μg／ml芬太尼。记录启用止痛泵后1h、4h、8h、24h、48h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、改良Bromage分级。结果50例患者启用止痛泵后48h内生命体征平稳。各时段的VAS评分两组间无显著性差异(P＞O，05)；但改良Bromage分级RF组低于BF组(P＜O．05)。结论罗哌卡因和布比卡因分别复合芬太尼用于术后持续硬膜外镇痛均可取得良好的镇痛效果，而罗哌卡因对运动神经的阻滞较轻，效果更理想。     

三种镇痛方法对胸部术后镇痛效果和通气功能影响的比较

目的:比较静脉、硬膜外及肋间神经阻滞合并静脉3种镇痛方法用于胸部手术后的镇痛效果及其对通气功能的影响。方法:45例择期开胸手术患者随机数字表法分为静脉镇痛组(Ⅰ组)、肋间神经阻滞合并静脉镇痛组(II组)及硬膜外镇痛组(Ⅲ组)。术后镇痛:Ⅰ组持续以2.5mL/h静脉泵入芬太尼(15mg/L)+咪唑安定(0.3g/L);Ⅱ组关胸前以2.5g/L布比卡因行切口及上下各2个肋间的肋间神经阻滞,术后以2.5mL/h持续静脉泵入芬太尼(10mg/L)+咪达唑仑(咪唑安定)(0.3g/L);Ⅲ组以2.5mL/h持续硬膜外泵入1.8g/L布比卡因+芬太尼(3mg/L)+咪唑安定(0.2g/L)。患者术后以视觉模拟评分法行痛觉评分(VAS);测量心率、平均动脉压、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)及二氧化碳分压(PaCO2);测定用力肺活量和第一秒用力呼出气量(FEV1)。结果:Ⅰ组术后3h及6hVAS明显高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),术后0,3,6,12hVAS明显高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05,0.01);Ⅱ组术后12hVAS明显高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组术后3,6hFVC及FEV1显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01,0.05);Ⅲ组患者术后3hFVC、术后6,12hFVC和FEV1及术后24hFEV1显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组患者术后0h的PaO2明显低于另外二组(P<0.05),而其PaCO2明显高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。结论:硬膜外输注布比卡因和芬太尼或肋间神经阻滞合并静注芬太尼用作开胸手术患者的术后镇     

Intrathecal morphine: Effects on perioperative hemodynamics, postoperative analgesia, and stress response for total abdominal hysterectomy

Intrathecal opioids provide postoperative analgesia and hemodynamic stability by depressing the neuroendocrine response during the perioperative period. The effects of preoperative intrathecal morphine on perioperative hemodynamics, stress response, and postoperative analgesia were evaluated in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy with general anesthesia. A total of 24 patients were randomly assigned to the morphine group (n=12) or the control group (n=12). Patients in the morphine group were given intrathecal 5 μg/kg⁻¹ morphine before surgery. In all patients, general anesthesia was induced with 1 g/kg⁻¹ remifentanil, 2 mg/kg⁻¹ propofol, and 0.1 mg/kg⁻¹ vecuronium and was maintained with 1% to 2% sevoflurane—35% oxygen in N₂O and remifentanil infusion. All patients received intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia after surgery. Postoperative pain was evaluated by means of a visual analogue scale. Blood samples were taken at 4 time points before and up to 4 hours after the start of surgery for assessment of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and adverse effects were recorded. Intraoperative hemodynamics was similar in both groups, but postoperative HR and MAP values at 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 20 h were significantly lower in the morphine group (P < .05). Postoperative VAS scores, total morphine consumption, and plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose levels were significantly lower in the morphine group than in the control group (P < .05). Preoperative intrathecal morphine enhanced the quality of postoperative analgesia, decreased morphine consumption, and depressed the systemic stress response in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy with general anesthesia.