囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿

目的 研究非开颅术（囊肿－腹腔分流术）治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿的手术方法。方法 对颅内表浅部位的蛛网膜囊肿,行囊肿－腹腔分流术。结果 ５１例１５岁以下的病儿行囊肿－腹腔分流术,２３例得到随访。１年内囊肿完全消失率７４％,其余病例逐渐缩小,总体有效率（囊肿消失和缩小）１００％。有３例颅内分流管在囊壁外,再次行分流管调整术。结论 以囊肿－腹腔分流术代替传统的开颅术切除囊肿,具有手术简单、有效、并发症少、无复     

囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿358例

目的 研究分析囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的方法及其有效性和安全性.方法 采用囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿358例,术前主要根据影像学结果选择不同的分流管,在显微镜下完成囊腔内的置管过程.结果 颅内蛛网膜囊肿颞窝的发生率为60.6%,1年内手术有效率为97.2%,术后分流管阻塞率为1.7%,术后感染率为1.1%.结论 囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿安全有效,具有操作简单、对脑组织干扰小等特点.     

囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童中线部位巨大蛛网膜囊肿

目的 总结囊肿-腹腔分流手术治疗儿童中线部位巨大蛛网膜囊肿的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2011年12月应用囊肿-腹腔分流手术治疗的儿童中线部位巨大蛛网膜囊肿的临床资料,总结分析其发病特点合并畸形及预后情况.结果 17例患儿接受囊肿-腹腔分流手术,多因头围增大就诊或孕期超声发现囊肿,多伴有邻近脑组织的发育不良,可有一定程度的生长发育落后,经分流手术后症状消失,发育改善.结论 儿童中线部位巨大蛛网膜囊肿早期进行分流手术简单、有效,预后较好.     

囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗不同类型的儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿

颅内蛛网膜囊肿是儿童常见疾病．以往治疗以开颅囊肿切除术、囊肿切除 脑池交通术等为主要方法,但存在创伤大、易复发、临床症状不易消失等缺点,后来许多学者对浅表部位的囊肿采用囊肿-腹腔分流术进行治疗,取得了较好的疗效。但对于较深部位的囊肿采用囊肿-腹腔分流术尚未见     

囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿67例临床分析

目的探讨囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾67例蛛网膜囊肿患者采用囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗的临床资料。结果 68.75%半年内蛛网膜囊肿消失,其余囊肿不同程度缩小,随着时间延长,缩小程度进一步加大,直到囊肿消失、颅内压消失,受压的脑组织恢复。结论应用囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗蛛网膜囊肿安全有效。     

囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿(附30例报告)

我们自１９９２～１９９８年间采用囊肿腹腔分流术治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿（ＩＡＣ）３０例,现报告如下。临床资料１一般资料：男性２２例,女性８例,年龄１５岁～５２岁,平均２６岁,其中１５岁～１０岁１７例,１１岁～２０岁８例,２１岁～５２岁５例,病史中有外伤史者５例,脑膜炎者２例,其余无明显诱因。病程最短者４个月,最长者３７年。幕上２５例,其中,颅中窝侧裂池囊肿１６例,大脑凸面９例,幕下以枕大池及桥小脑角区５例,囊肿均为单发。２临床症状及体征：常为缓慢起病,以颅内压增高为首发症状者１２例,癫痫发作…     

儿童蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后继发裂隙脑室综合征的治疗

目的 探讨颞叶蛛网膜囊肿行囊肿-腹腔分流术后出现的裂隙脑室综合征的早期诊断依据,合理有效的治疗方法以及预防这种并发症的措施.方法 回顾性分析研究了经过本文通信作者治疗的6例颞叶蛛网膜囊肿行囊肿-腹腔分流术后出现裂隙脑室综合征患儿的影像学资料、治疗经过和治疗结果.结果 男4例,女2例.平均发病年龄57.5个月.治疗方法为使用可调压力的抗虹吸分流管泵更换原有分流管泵或联合使用脑室-腹腔分流.6例患者临床症状完全消失,平均随访30个月,未见症状复发.结论 使用可调压力的抗虹吸分流管泵更换原有分流管泵或联合脑室-腹腔分流术对于裂隙脑室综合征是一种有效的治疗措施.避免使用低压的无抗虹吸作用的分流管能够有效地预防蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后出现裂隙脑室综合征.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate early diagnosis evidences, optimal therapeutic strategies and the prophylactic methods of the slit - ventricle syndrome(SVS) in the temporal lobe arachnoid cysts patients who received the cyst - peritoneal(CP) shunting.Method Six cases of SVS in the temporal lobe arachnoid cysts patients who received the CP shunting were treated by the senior author from Jan 2005 to Jan 2009.The radiological data, treatment process and therapeutic results were reviewed retrospectively.Results There were 4 male and 2 female patients.The mean age of presentation was 57.5 months.The final treatment was to change the original shunt with the programmable valve or combined with the ventricular - peritoneal(VP)shunting.All the symptoms of the patients disappeared totally, and the mean follow - up duration was 30mouths.Conclusions To use programmable shunts to substitute for the original shunt or combined with inserting a VP shunt is an optimal therapeutic method for SVS.The use of low - pressure shunts to treat the ararchoid systs should be abandoned unless dictated by specific indications.     

腹腔分流术治疗儿童巨大蛛网膜囊肿20例报告

颅内蛛网膜囊肿是儿童常见的先天性畸形，通常出现癫痫和部分神经功能障碍时需手术治疗。以往的外科治疗方法以开颅行囊肿壁的大部分切除为主，但对于较大和巨大的蛛网膜囊肿采取此方法创伤大、易复发，临床症状不易消失。自1996年3月至2002年6月，我科共实施囊肿一腹腔分流术治疗儿     

颅内蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后继发裂隙脑室综合征2例报告并文献分析

目的总结颅内蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后继发裂隙脑室综合征的临床诊治经验。方法对2例颅内蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后继发裂隙脑室综合征患者的临床表现、影像学检查及术中所见结合文献进行分析。结果2例患者分流术后分别出现发作性眩晕和剧烈头痛,均伴恶心、呕吐,采取分流管头端调整术,并改用中压虹吸分流阀后症状明显改善。结论正确认识颅内蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后继发裂隙脑室综合征的病理生理过程,针对具体情况选择合适的治疗方案尤其重要。最有效的预防方法是在严格把握手术适应症的情况下选择可调压或抗虹吸分流管。     

颅内蛛网膜囊肿57例治疗分析

目的探讨网膜囊肿(IAC)的治疗方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2009-2013年收治的57例颅内蛛网膜囊肿患者的临床资料,其中手术切除囊肿壁同时打通颅底蛛网膜池26例,囊肿-腹腔分流术18例,神经内镜造瘘11例,保守治疗2例。对患者术后症状体征改善、影像学囊肿体积及术后并发症等进行分析。结果 57例患者神经系统症状和体征均不同程度的改善。影像学随访结果表明开颅手术切除并脑池开放术,囊肿体积明显缩小,脑组织膨隆较理想。结论手术切除囊肿壁同时打通颅底蛛网膜池近期效果明显,适于基层医院开展。     

神经内镜手术治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿

目的 探讨神经内镜手术治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿的手术指征、手术方法和预后。方法 回顾性分析26例采用神经内镜手术治疗的颅内蛛网膜囊肿，其中采用神经内镜下囊肿脑池造瘘和囊壁部分剥除18例，囊肿次全切除3例，囊肿脑室造瘘5例(1例尚行脑室腹腔分流术)。术后随访3个月-2年。结果 术前有症状的20例患者中，症状消失11例，改善7例，无变化2例，术后不能改善的症状主要是癫痫。有随访影像学复查结果的16例患者中，囊肿消失6例，缩小7例，无变化3例。结论 神经内镜手术是治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿有效和微创的方法。     

儿童蛛网膜囊肿伴癫癎的外科治疗(附13例报告)

目的 探讨儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿（ａｒａｃｈｎｏｉｄ ｃｙｓｔ,ＡＣ）与癫癎的关系以及外科治疗方法。方法 手术治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿伴癫癎的儿童１３例,其中额叶２例,顶叶１例,颞叶８例,枕叶２例,囊肿直径在３ｃｍ以下３例,３～６ｃｍ ９例,６ｃｍ以上１例,均采用颅内蛛网膜囊肿加致癎灶切除。结果 １３例病人中,完全不发作有４例,显著改善有７例,无变化２例。结论 儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿伴癫癎具有脑皮质结构性异常,采用颅内蛛网膜囊肿加致癎灶切除效果较为理想。     

Shunt-independent surgical treatment of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts in children

The best operative intervention for children with arachnoid cysts remains the subject of controversy. Recent reports stress that craniotomy for cyst fenestration is associated with a low incidence of morbidity and mortality and may leave the child shunt-independent. Among a total of 66 intracranial arachnoid cysts operated on in the authors’ department from 1985 to 1997, 44 cases (67%) were located in the middle cranial fossa. A higher incidence in the first decade of life (53 cases) and a marked male predominance (45 cases) were recognized. Headache, cranial deformities, symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, and seizures constituted the most frequent features of the clinical presentation. To determine which treatment provides the greatest benefit with the lowest incidence of complications, the records of the 44 patients with arachnoid cysts in the middle cranial fossa were reviewed. The mean age of these patients was 4.6 years (range 0–16 years). Different types of initial surgical procedures were performed. In 33 patients with middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts (MCFAC) the initial surgery took the form of craniotomy with excision of the cyst walls and fenestration into the basal cisterns. Shunting procedures were performed in 9 patients: cysto-peritoneal shunts (CPS) were placed in 4 patients and ventriculo-peritoneal shunts (VPS), in 3 patients, and cyst excision was performed in addition to CPS in 2 patients. Excision of the cyst membrane alone without fenestration was performed in 2 patients. The initial treatment was successful in terms of reduced symptoms and decreased cyst size, with no additional treatment needed for the cyst, in 79% (26/33) of patients who had undergone excision of the cyst walls and fenestration into the basal cisterns, compared with 66% (6/9) of patients who had undergone shunting procedures. Cyst membrane excision was not successful in any of the patients who underwent this procedure alone. No significant difference in morbidity was noted between these different treatment options. On follow-up CT scan and MRI, cysts of types I and II (Galassi classification) exhibited a steady tendency to reduction or obliteration. These results confirm that radical excision of the outer and inner membranes of the cyst wall with fenestration into the basal cistern is a safe and effective shunt-independent procedure for MCFAC, especially for those of types I and II. Received: 28 May 1999 Revised: 10 August 1999     

大脑半球凸面蛛网膜囊肿的内镜手术治疗

目的 探讨神经内镜手术治疗大脑半球凸面蛛网膜囊肿的经验并评价治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科自2007年9月至2011年7月行神经内镜囊肿-脑室或囊肿-脑池造瘘治疗的13例大脑半球凸面蛛网膜囊肿(均选择邻近脑室或脑池的大脑半球凸面蛛网膜囊肿)患者的临床资料,包括临床症状、影像表现、手术适应证、手术方法、手术并发症以及临床、影像随访结果. 结果 13例患者术后囊肿都有不同程度缩小;术前症状消失9例、改善4例,症状消失或改善率100％;术后发生无症状硬脑膜下积液1例. 结论 神经内镜手术损伤小、效果好,可以作为邻近脑室或脑池的大脑半球凸面蛛网膜囊肿的首选治疗方法.     

儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的治疗

目的探讨儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的临床特点、手术适应证、手术方法及手术中应注意的问题。方法回顾我院30例儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的临床资料,对其进行总结。结果经显微手术治疗的30例中,症状明显改善28例,囊肿缩小或消失25例。结论显微手术能有效治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿,对儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿需采取积极的手术治疗。     

儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的外科治疗探讨

目的 探讨儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿外科治疗的手术方法、适应证及并发症.方法 回顾分析53例手术患儿的临床资料,囊肿切除并脑池交通术42例,囊肿-腹腔分流术10例,神经内镜下囊肿切除并造瘘术1例.结果 患者术后恢复均良好,临床症状均有不同程度改善.术后高热(>39.1℃)及持续发热(>3d)13例;形成皮下积液8例,再次硬膜修补术2例.术后随访3个月以上,CT证实囊肿缩小或消失50例,无明显变化3例.结论 上述三种术式均是治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的有效方案,但应综合多种因素采取个体化的治疗,并重视预防其相关术后并发症.     

颅内蛛网膜囊肿的手术方法研究

目的 探讨颅内蛛网膜囊肿的手术治疗方法 . 方法 回顾性分析68例手术治疗的颅内蛛网膜囊肿患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同,分为4组:囊肿切除术17例(A组).囊肿-脑池沟通术25例(B组),囊肿-腹腔分流术20例(C组),脑立体定向手术6例(D组),对4种手术方式的疗效进行比较. 结果 术后随访3月以上,59例患者症状消失或改善,有效率86.8%.CT证实囊肿消失或缩小者51例(75.0%).术后发生颅内积气2例、颅内出血3例、伤口感染2例.不同术式比较:影像学有效率A组为11/17(64.7%),B组为21/25(84.0%),C组为15/20(75.0%),D组为4/6(66.7%);症状改善率为A组12/17(70.6%),B组22/25(88.0%),C组19/20(95.0%),D组6/6(100%).A组7例患者术后头痛,发生比例较高. 结论 对颅内蛛网膜囊肿应慎重选择手术适应证和手术时机.从安全性和微侵袭角度,绝大多病例应首选囊肿-腹腔分流术.     

Endoscopic management of quadrigeminal arachnoid cysts

Objective  Quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts are rare lesions, accounting for 5% to 10% of all intracranial arachnoid cysts and 9% of all supratentorial localizations. We reviewed the patients with quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst (QAC) who were treated with neuroendoscopic intervention. Materials and methods  Seventeen patients with QAC had been operated on between 2000 and 2007 in our institution. Four patients had undergone shunting prior to neuroendoscopic surgery. There were nine girls and seven boys with age ranging from 7 days to 17 years (mean, 40 months). All patients had hydrocephalus. A wide ventriculocystostomy (VC) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy were performed by using rigid neuroendoscopes. An aqueductal stent was also placed in two of the patients. Psychometric evaluation was administered postoperatively when possible. Follow-up of the patients ranged from 6 to 96 months (mean, 51.8 months). Results  Of the 17 patients, 12 underwent endoscopic procedure as the primary surgery. Five patients had been previously shunted. Macrocrania and psychomotor retardation were the main symptom and sign in all infants with QAC. Older children presented with the symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension. Of the eight patients who were 6 months old or younger, only one did not need a ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt. Endoscopic procedures were successful in all patients older than 6 months of age (P = 0.005). Conclusion  The patients presenting in their infancy had a psychomotor retardation, and all patients except for one, younger than 6 months of age, needed a VP shunt. Neuroendoscopic procedure is effective particularly in the patients with QAC older than 6 months of age. Presented in part at the 34th Annual Meeting of International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 10–14 September 2006, Taipei, Taiwan.     

Pseudotumor syndrome in treated arachnoid cysts

We report three patients with arachnoid cysts treated by cyst-peritoneal shunting in whom intracranial hypertension occurred during episodes of shunt malfunction. In one case this was associated with re-expansion of the arachnoid cyst, whilst in the other two cases this did not occur. The similarities between these two cases and patients with pseudotumor cerebri suggest a common pathogenic mechanism — specifically, a disturbance of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation.