左氧氟沙星不良反应报告分析

目的分析左氧氟沙星不良反应及特点,促进合理用药。方法收集台州市椒江区不良反应监测中心2010年1月—2011年12月的不良反应报告,共发生左氧氟沙星注射液不良反应135例,回顾性分析左氧氟沙星不良反应患者的性别、年龄、既往史、日剂量、用药途径、临床表现等。结果 135例不良反应报告中,给药途径以静脉滴注为主,有130例(96.3%);不良反应表现以皮肤及附件损害为主,有102例(63.0%),其次为消化系统损害,有17例(10.5%)。结论应加强左氧氟沙星不良反应监测,掌握其相关因素及临床表现,促进合理用药。     

左氧氟沙星注射液不良反应发生特点研究

目的分析左氧氟沙星注射液所致不良反应的发生特点及危险因素,为临床防治左氧氟沙星注射液所致不良反应提供可靠的参考依据。方法于2013年1月~2015年12月,选取该阶段内550份应用左氧氟沙星注射液治疗的病例资料进行回顾性研究,对病例资料中左氧氟沙星注射液治疗后是否出现不良反应进行分析,对左氧氟沙星注射液所致不良反应的发生特点进行分析,观察左氧氟沙星注射液的每天用药剂量、每天给药次数、是否联合用药情况,并计算变量之间的相关性系数,采用多因素Logistic回归性分析对不良反应发生的危险因素进行分析。结果 550例应用左氧氟沙星注射液治疗的病例中,共有50例患者出现不良反应。左氧氟沙星注射液应用后出现不良反应的患者中,60岁以上老年患者占比最高,所占比例为46%;不良反应症状的分布比例从高至低依次为消化系统、皮肤、心血管系统、神经系统、泌尿系统。年龄、每天用药剂量、每天给药次数、联合用药是左氧氟沙星注射液给药后发生不良反应的危险因素。患者的年龄、左氧氟沙星注射液的用药剂量、给药次数、联合用药率均与不良反应的发生密切相关。结论左氧氟沙星注射液所致不良反应往往发生于老年人群,其发生与患者的年龄、用药剂量、给药次数以及联合用药密切相关。     

38例左氧氟沙星注射液不良反应案例的相关因素分析

目的:分析左氧氟沙星注射液不良反应的发生原因与特点,为临床喹诺酮类药物的安全用药提供参考.方法:利用中国知网、万方数据和维普期刊网,检索近5年左氧氟沙星注射液不良反应案例报道38例资料,统计和分析其左氧氟沙星注射液致患者不良反应相关因素(患者性别、年龄和用药原因、给药剂量、不良反应的发生时间、不良反应的表现等).结果:抽取的左氧氟沙星注射液不良反应报道37篇论文,涉及患者38例;其中中老年患者占65％以上,34％的患者在用药1h内发生药物不良反应,其不良反应症状以皮肤过敏反应及中枢神经系统损害为主.结论:临床应严格按照左氧氟沙星注射液说明书规定的适应证与用法用量使用,用药60 min内应密切监测其不良反应的发生情况,以确保患者用药的安全性.     

95例左氧氟沙星致不良反应的分析

目的了解静脉用左氧氟沙星的不良反应以及防治措施。方法采用回顾性调查分析的方法对2012年1月至2013年12月重庆市合川区人民医院记载的95例左氧氟沙星的两种剂型所致不良反应病例报告进行统计分析。结果注射用盐酸左氧氟沙星与乳酸左氧氟沙星注射液治疗下不良反应发生率分别占38.95%,61.05%。不良反应临床主要表现为皮肤及附件损害、消化系统、呼吸系统和神经系统损害。结论注射用盐酸左氧氟沙星与乳酸左氧氟沙星注射液临床疗效和不良反应相似,乳酸疗效优于盐酸,乳酸不良反应多于盐酸。临床上应重视乳酸、盐酸左氧氟沙星的不良反应情况,掌握其相关因素以及临床表现,促进合理用药。     

左氧氟沙星不合理应用的危害与建议

目的:探讨左氧氟沙星临床应用与其发生不良反应的关系,提高临床合理用药水平。方法:分析四川省药品不良反应监测中心数据库中左氧氟沙星相关的不良反应病例报告,并进行不良反应发生的因果关系评价。结果:282例不良反应涉及8个系统/器官,列前3位的是皮肤及其附件损害、消化系统损害及全身性损害;发生不良反应的原因包括超适应证用药、给药方式不合理、滴速过快、存在配伍禁忌、未进行个体化给药等。结论:临床应重视和警惕因药物不合理应用诱发严重不良反应的潜在危害,以保障公众用药安全、有效。     

我院127例左氧氟沙星注射液不良反应及用药监护

目的:探讨左氧氟沙星注射液致不良反应的一般规律及特点,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:采用回顾性调查方法,对我院2004年填报的127例左氧氟沙星注射液致不良反应报告进行统计、分析。结果:不良反应临床表现主要以皮肤及附件损害、消化系统损害、静脉炎最常见;过敏性休克、跟腱炎、肝损害虽少见,但程度严重。结论:临床应重视合理使用左氧氟沙星注射液及其用药监护,以预防和减少不良反应的发生。     

我院抗感染药物致不良反应报告分析

目的:分析抗感染药物所致不良反应(ADR)。方法:对我院216例抗感染药物所致不良反应报告进行统计分析。结果:引起ADR最多的药物为氟喹诺酮类,发生率最高的药物是左氧氟沙星;与合并用药有关的ADR占总例数的41.59%,以静脉给药方式为主;ADR表现以皮肤损伤最为常见,其次是消化系统损伤等;较严重的ADR有1例。结论:应加强抗感染药物临床合理应用。     

某市辖区内医院患者26例左氧氟沙星注射液致不良反应的类型及其风险因素分析

目的:分析某市辖区内医院患者26例左氧氟沙星注射液致不良反应症状的类型及其风险因素,为避免不良反应的发生提供参考。方法:采用回顾性分析法,抽取2016年1—12月期间某市辖区内医院使用左氧氟沙星注射液治疗患者670例临床资料,分析其左氧氟沙星注射液致不良反应的类型及风险因素。结果:使用左氧氟沙星注射液治疗患者670例中,26例发生不良反应占3.88%,主要症状涉及皮肤、消化系统、神经系统和呼吸系统等器官/系统;不良反应发生的主要风险因素与患者年龄和每日剂量、疗程、过敏药物种类和合并用药种类有关联(P<0.05)。结论:某市辖区内医院患者中,左氧氟沙星注射液致不良反应症状主要涉及全身各器官、系统,临床上应加强对该药的使用管理,并根据患者风险因素合理选用左氧氟沙星注射液治疗,以避免或杜绝不良反应的发生。     

临床注射左氧氟沙星的药物不良反应特点分析

目的:分析注射左氧氟沙星的药物不良反应(ADR)特点.方法:选取我院2013年7月~2016年7月收治的101例注射左氧氟沙星药物不良反应报告作为研究对象,展开回顾性分析,总结引起不良反应的因素、临床表现以及预后.结果:女性出现左氧氟沙星的药物不良反应率高于男性;左氧氟沙星药物不良反应发生率最高发生在20~60岁;给药途径方面,静脉给药发生不良反应率高于口服给药;当药剂量达到400mg时出现不良反应发生率最高;联合用药不良反应发生率高于单独用药;皮肤瘙痒、皮疹是主要的临床症状;所有患者及时停药,不良反应得到有效控制,治愈好转.结论:临床注射左氧氟沙星的药物不良反应发生率高,临床使用应注意分析影响因素,加强监测药物不良反应,科学使用药物.     

左氧氟沙星不良反应58例分析

目的分析左氧氟沙星不良反应及特点,促进临床合理用药。方法回顾性分析58例左氧氟沙星不良反应患者的临床资料。分别从药物制剂信息与患者原发病、性别、年龄、既往药物不良反应史、用药途径、临床表现等方面进行分析。结果患者临床表现中,以皮肤以发生反应的发生率最高,有35例(60.3%),以瘙痒和皮疹为主。其次为消化系统,有8例(13.8%)。有既往不良反应史12例,56例(96.6%)静脉滴注给药。结论临床上应重视左氧氟沙星的不良反应情况,掌握其相关因素以及临床表现,促进合理用药。     

新药研发中的me-too, me-better, me-new

文中根据作者对我国新药研发的认识和理解,提出了新药研发过程中me-too,me-better和me-new类新药的概念,并对新药研发过程中的这3类创新活动之间的关系、新药研发的创新程度与经济效益的关系,以及目前我国新药研发的途径选择做了简要的论述。     

Therapeutic drug monitoring in drug overdose

The treatment of poisoned patients is still largely defined by history, clinical assessment and interpretation of ancillary investigations. Measurement of drug concentrations is clinically important for relatively few compounds. Most measurements form an adjunct to and should not be considered a substitute for clinical assessment. Drug concentrations are particularly important for those compounds where the concentration is predictive of serious toxicity in an otherwise asymptomatic patient.     

Therapeutic drug monitoring in drug overdose

The treatment of poisoned patients is still largely defined by history, clinical assessment and interpretation of ancillary investigations. Measurement of drug concentrations is clinically important for relatively few compounds. Most measurements form an adjunct to and should not be considered a substitute for clinical assessment. Drug concentrations are particularly important for those compounds where the concentration is predictive of serious toxicity in an otherwise asymptomatic patient.     

Therapeutic drug monitoring in drug overdose

The treatment of poisoned patients is still largely defined by history, clinical assessment and interpretation of ancillary investigations. Measurement of drug concentrations is clinically important for relatively few compounds. Most measurements form an adjunct to and should not be considered a substitute for clinical assessment. Drug concentrations are particularly important for those compounds where the concentration is predictive of serious toxicity in an otherwise asymptomatic patient.     

Active drug metabolites in drug development

Active drug metabolites discovered during the course of drug development constitute a subset of the larger issue of metabolic drug interactions, but still demand unique consideration from both an efficacy and a safety point of view. Improved technology has allowed better identification and quantification of metabolites, raising new issues to be addressed during the course of drug development. Several new molecular identities recently entering the marketplace have active metabolites, and many more are (or have been) in development. The MIST (Metabolites in Safety Testing) committee of PhRMA (Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America) has prepared a position paper (in press) on the subject, which has been widely discussed (with and by regulatory authorities) over the past three years.     

Increased drug sensitivity in the drug discrimination procedure afforded by drug versus drug training

Rats were trained to discriminate norfenfluramine (NF) 1.4 mg/kg from its vehicle or amphetamine (AMPH) 0.8 mg/kg or pentobarbital (PB) 6.0 mg/kg in order to determine the role that drug combination training plays in the rate of learning and sensitivity to lower drug doses. The results suggest that drug versus drug training can increase the rate of drug discrimination learning for some drugs that are learned slowly when trained in a drug versus vehicle training procedure, whereas drug versus drug training does not increase the rate of learning for other drugs that are learned rapidly. Drug versus drug training does, however, appear to increase the level of stimulus control of the training drug for all drugs examined in this study.     

Emerging drug design strategies in anti-influenza drug discovery

Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses(IFV), According to the World Health Organization(WHO), seasonal IFV epidemics result in approximately 3-5 million cases of severe illness, leading to about half a million deaths worldwide, along with severe economic losses and social burdens. Unfortunately, frequent mutations in IFV lead to a certain lag in vaccine development as well as resistance to existing antiviral drugs. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop ...     

Driving forces for drug loading in drug carriers

Abstract

The loading capacity of a drug carrier is determined essentially by intermolecular interactions between drugs and carrier materials. In this review, the process of drug loading is described in detail based on the differences in the driving force for drug incorporation, including hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, Pi–Pi stacking and van der Waals force. Modifying drug-loading sites of carrier materials with interacting groups aiming at tailoring drug–carrier interactions is reviewed by highlighting its importance for improving in vitro properties such as the loading capacity, release behaviour and stability. Other factors affecting drug loading, methods employed to predict the encapsulation capacity and the techniques to verify intermolecular interactions are also discussed to inform the readers of all-sided information on drug-loading processes and theories. The drug carriers can be designed more reasonably with the better understanding of the nature and interacting mechanism of intermolecular interactions.