活体亲属供肾移植19例报告

目的：对亲属活体供肾的优点和临床意义进行探讨。方法：总结19例亲属活体供肾肾移植临床资料。其中,男性受体11例,女性受体8例,年龄20 ～50岁,平均28.6岁;男性供体10例,女性供体9例,年龄38 ～62岁,平均52.8岁。结果：19例中有16例术后2 ～5d肾功能恢复正常,另外3例中,其中1例术后1周出现急性排斥反应,经抗排斥治疗,3周后移植肾功能恢复正常。1例术后2个月发现移植肾输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄,行输尿管再植后肾功能恢复,1例术后出现肾功能恢复延迟。结论：术前全面地对供受者进行全面的体检和化验是亲属活体肾移植术后成功的保证。亲属肾移植的组织配型好,供肾缺血时间短,排斥反应发生少,免疫抑制剂用量少,移植效果优于尸肾移植,且能缓解肾源短缺。     

亲属活体供肾肾脏移植的临床应用

目的:探讨亲属活体供肾肾脏移植的安全性、可行性及临床效果。方法:对9例亲属活体供肾肾移植的术前准备,手术特点及临床效果进行研究。结果:9例供者恢复良好, 无并发症。1例受者术后5天出现急性排斥, 应用okT3治疗,5天后逆转,所有受者肾功能恢复良好,随访6个月-2年,血BUN及Cr均正常。结论:亲属活体供肾安全可行,供肾质量好,肾功能恢复快,是一种较好的扩大肾源及肾脏移植的方法。     

腹腔镜取肾亲属肾移植临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜活体供肾亲属肾移植临床效果.方法回顾性分析8例腹腔镜取肾活体亲属供肾移植供受者临床资料.结果经术后2-50月随访,8例供者均无并发症出现,术后7～10d出院.8例受者肾移植术后恢复迅速,移植肾功能稳定.结论腹腔镜活体取肾安全可行,活体亲属肾移植的存活率要高于尸体肾移植.活体供肾是一较好的供肾来源.     

活体亲属肾移植68例临床报告

目的 总结分析68例亲属活体肾移植的经验.方法 对68例活体亲属肾移植供受体的术前准备、取肾方式及术后用药、恢复情况进行观察及随访.结果 68例亲属供者术后均恢复良好,随访1月～6年无手术并发症及肾功能异常改变.60例受者于术后1～3d血肌酐降至正常水平,15～22d痊愈出院;3例移植肾丧失功能,恢复血透;2例因术后发生急性排斥反应出现肾功能恢复延迟(DGF);2例分别于术后3月和6月因肺部感染放弃治疗死亡.结论 术前对供、受者进行全面综合评估是亲属活体肾移植成功的保证,亲属活体肾移植等待时间短,组织配型好,供肾缺血时间短,排斥反应发生少,移植肾存活率高,是一种相对安全可行的治疗手段.但该手术仍是一种高风险手术,应慎重对待.     

大于50岁亲属活体供肾移植效果分析

目的探讨50岁亲属活体供肾移植的移植效果。方法 1993年4月～2007年12月施行亲属活体供肾移植107例,按照供者年龄分为两组,其中50岁为研究组,45例,≤50岁为对照组,62例。随访时间12～180个月,平均49个月。比较两组受者术后肾功能恢复情况、并发症及近、远期移植肾功能、人/肾存活率等。结果移植手术均获成功。两组受者在年龄、术前透析时间、配型、肾缺血时间、抗排斥方案应用等方面比较显示均衡性良好,术后1周、1月、1年、3年Scr水平及1、3、5、8年人/肾存活率组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论供者年龄50岁亲属活体供肾移植效果,满意年龄非亲属活体供肾绝对禁忌症。     

活体亲属肾移植16例

为了观察活体亲属肾移植的效果，对16例活体亲属肾移植供受体的术前准备、取肾方式及术后用药、恢复情况进行观察及随访。16例亲属供者术后均恢复良好，随访1mo-4a无手术并发症及肾功能异常改变。15例受者分别于术后2—4d血肌酐降至正常水平，15—22d痊愈出院，1例术后发生超急性排斥反应而切除移植肾。15例随访至今无急性排斥反应及肾功能异常。     

亲属活体供肾肾移植的临床研究

目的探讨亲属活体供肾肾移植的临床效果和安全性。方法回顾性分析15例亲属活体供肾肾移植患者的临床资料。结果 15例供、受者均健康存活,供肾切取手术均成功,受者肾功能于术后3～7 d恢复正常;术后发生急性排斥反应1例,发生淋巴漏1例,发生肺部感染1例,均治愈。结论亲属活体供肾肾移植可获得满意的效果,具有良好的临床安全性。     

亲属活体肾移植受者119例临床总结

目的 回顾总结亲属活体肾移植受者围手术期的临床特点.方法 收集119例亲属活体肾移植受者对照同期234例尸体肾移植受者,比较两组供肾热、冷缺血时间、供肾血管长度、植肾手术时间、术后平均住院时间、供受者HLA错配率、术后3 d血肌酐下降速度、DGF发生率、急排发生率、1年人/肾存活率.结果 亲属活体肾移植组供肾血管长度、供肾热、冷缺血时间、术后平均住院时间、HLA六位点法错配率、DGF、急排发生率均明显小于尸体肾移植组(P<0.01),而手术时间、术后3 d血清肌酐下降速度、1年人/肾存活率亲属活体肾移植组均明显大于尸体肾移植组(P<0.01).结论 亲属活体肾移植的近期临床疗效明显优于尸体肾移植,远期(>1年)的临床效果比较有待进一步追踪观察.在有条件、技术成熟的移植中心亲属活体肾移植是患者家族内自救互救的重要途径.     

活体亲属供肾移植四例报告

目的：总结活体亲属供肾移植的临床经验。方法：回顾性分析４例活体亲属供肾移植的效果及供者捐肾后的恢复情况。结果：４例供者均无并发症出现,术后９～１１ｄ出院。４例受者经８～２０个月随访,术后恢复迅速,肾功能正常。结论：活体亲属供肾移植是安全可行的;受者的人／肾存活率优于尸体供肾;活体亲属供肾是扩大供肾来源的较好途径。     

活体亲属供肾移植12例

目的 总结亲属活体肾移植的临床应用经验.方法 回顾分析12例亲属活体肾移植其临床资料.结果 供者无外科并发症发生,恢复良好.12例受者中,1例高致敏受者(群体反应性抗体,PRA 100%)成功接受移植.1例发生急性排斥1次,逆转治疗后肾功能良好.1例由于擅自停用免疫抑制剂量而于移植后1年移植肾失功,余11例肾功能一直良好.结论 亲属活体供肾移植效果好,安全可行.     

亲属活体供肾来源对肾移植疗效影响的临床观察

目的 观察亲属活体供肾来源对肾移植临床疗效的影响,并探讨可能的优势供体。方法 回顾分析我院自2004年4月至2008年3月完成的104例亲属活体供肾移植的临床资料,按供肾来源分为夫妻间供肾组（10例）、父母供肾组（59例）、兄弟姐妹间供肾组（25例）和表兄弟姐妹间供肾组（10例）,通过观察各组的术后平均住院天数、血肌酐恢复正常时间、各时间点血肌酐水平、主要并发症（感染、排斥、DGF等）发生率及人/肾存活情况等指标,比较分析各组的临床疗效。结果 随访1~48月,兄弟姐妹间供肾组无受者死亡或移植物丢失,而夫妻供肾组、父母供肾组和表兄弟姐妹供肾组受者死亡例数分别为1例、2例和1例,移植物丢失例数分别为1例、3例和1例。兄弟姐妹间供肾组受者术后平均住院天数为（13.72 ± 4.15）d,有较其他组短的趋势,但有较高的感染发生趋势（20%）。夫妻间供肾组显示了较低的感染（0%）和排斥（10%）发生趋势。父母供肾组的排斥发生率（18.64%）高于其他组（P<0.05）。血肌酐恢复正常时间和各时间点血肌酐水平在各组间无统计学差异。结论 兄弟姐妹间供肾移植疗效相对较佳,无血缘关系的夫妻间供肾移植亦具有较理想的疗效,短期的人/肾存活情况类似于父母和表兄弟姐妹供肾移植。良好的肾移植疗效不能简单地归因于组织配型（血缘关系）,供肾质量、手术优势及术后管理可能也是重要因素。     

104例亲属活体肾移植的临床观察

目的总结104例亲属活体肾移植术后观察的要点，为今后该类手术的术后病情观察及治疗康复提供依据。方法对2003年3月-2007年10月的104例亲属活体肾移植手术患者进行回顾性分析。结果所有供者术后5～8d内出院，存活至今，肾功能均无异常。1例受者因移植术后并发重症肺炎死亡，余103例受者存活至今，1例并发超急性排斥反应，7例并发急性排斥反应，4例行移植肾周血肿清除术，11例并发重症肺炎。结论针对不同活体肾移植患者术前术后的特殊情况，及时的观察处理措施对患者的治疗、预后有积极的影响，对提高生存率，降低感染率有重要意义。     

Effects of the novel 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on renal function of recipients in living-related kidney transplantation

Background The optimal colloid for use during kidney transplantation is not clear. Patients undergoing living-related kidney transplantation （LRKT） were used to compare the protective effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 （HES 130/0.4） and 4% succinylated gelatine, as donor kidney procurement, ischemia time and surgical conditions are comparable. Stroke volume variation （SVV） was used to monitor intravascular volume to avoid renal allograft hypoperfusion.Methods Eighty patients undergoing LRKT were divided into two groups： group H received 6% HES 130/0.4 and group G received 4% succinylated gelatine. All donors and recipients received 15-25 ml/kg of the relevant colloid during surgery. Arterial blood pressure （ABP）, heart rate （HR）, central venous pressure （CVP）, SVV and cardiac index （CI）,electrocardiography （ECG） and SpO2 were monitored continuously. SVV was kept between 6%-13% and mean arterial pressure at 100-130 mmHg. Samples of venous blood and urine were obtained 30 minutes after unclamping and on the mornings of post-operative days （POD） 1-4 to measure serum and urine β2-microglobulin, urine α1-microglobulin,microalbumin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatine were determined pre-operation （to）, 3 hours after surgery （t1） and on PODs 1 （t2）, 2 （t3）, 4 （t4）, 7 （t5） and 10 （t6）. Urine output was recorded at t1, t2, t5, t6.Results Age, body weight, body surface area （BSA）, operation time, urine output and the colloid volume infused were comparable between the groups and hemodynamics were stable during surgery. BUN, serum creatine, serum β2-microglobulin and urine β2-microglobulin decreased significantly after surgery in both groups relative to the baseline.BUN decreased significantly in group H compared with group G at t1, t2 and t4. Urine microalbumin decreased significantly in group H on POD 4 compared with group G. Urine α1-microglobulin was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion Both colloids can be safely used for LRKT, but HES130/0.4 was associated with a more rapid recovery of renal function.     

Kidney graft loss in children: implications for program development

BACKGROUND: Graft survival in children who undergo kidney transplantation is lower than that in adults. The objective of the study was to review the experience of the first 22 years of operation of the regional pediatric kidney transplantation unit for Atlantic Canada, based at the IWK-Grace Health Centre, Halifax, and to use the results to improve graft survival. METHODS: All cases of kidney transplantation performed at the centre from 1971 to 1992 were reviewed and the data compiled with the use of a predetermined database outline. Data for first transplants were analysed and compared with those in North American databases. Of the 40 graft failures, 19 (48%) occurred within the first 3 months after transplantation, a rate similar to that at other centres. The overall survival rates tended to be slightly lower than those of international databases. The introduction of cyclosporine A as an immunosuppressant, in 1985, did not provide the expected marked improvement in survival. Infection frequently accompanied acute rejection, and there was a delay in treatment of infections and rejection after discharge home. On the basis of these preliminary findings, several program changes were made: 1) a sequential immunosuppression protocol was implemented, 2) the intensity of the medical surveillance was increased for the first 3 months after transplantation, with aggressive treatment of infections and rejections, 3) a dedicated pediatric transplantation team was established as a subset of the adult team and 4) pediatric-specific selection criteria for cadaver donors were formulated. After these changes were implemented, data were collected and analysed up to June 30, 1997. RESULTS: Graft survival rates at 1, 2 and 5 years improved dramatically. After the beginning of 1993, there were only 2 graft losses among 22 transplants. Only one of these occurred in the first 3 months, and it was due to recurrent disease. Twenty-four rejection episodes occurred (10 in the first 3 months after transplantation), but all were reversed easily with high-dose steroid therapy. INTERPRETATION: Sequential immunosuppression with close medical surveillance and early aggressive treatment of infection and rejection contribute to a marked improvement in kidney graft survival in children.     

活体亲属供肾移植12例

目的　总结活体亲属供肾移植临床经验 ,提高其治疗效果。方法　自 1972年 12月至 2 0 0 4年 5月 ,我院有 12例肾移植患者为活体亲属供肾 ,对此资料进行回顾性研究。结果　术后随访 14d～ 8 5年 (平均 4 2年 ) ,供者恢复好 ,未见并发症发生。受者 1998年前后分为A ,B两组 :A组 7例患者中 ,并发肝炎死亡 1例 ,脑疝死亡 1例 ,急排 3例 ,急性肾小管坏死 (ATN) 2例 ;B组 5例患者中 ,1例发生ATN后并发肺部感染 ;1例移植肾动脉狭窄 ,放置血管内支架扩张 ,术后肾功能恢复好 ;其余 3例无并发症 ,肾功能恢复好。结论　核磁共振血管造影术 (MRA)作为一种精确的无创性成像技术 ,用于供肾血管的术前检查效果较好。活体肾移植缺血时间短、组织配型好、免疫抑制剂用量低 ,近期效果好 ,远期效果有待进一步观察。     

Studies on eleven kidney transplants from non-heart-beating donors

This study was performed to analyze postoperative courses and complications, retrospectively, following transplants from non-heart-beating donors and to examine the correlation between early graft function and clinical parameters. We experienced 11 cases of kidney transplants from non-heart-beating donors during the period from April 1995 to May 2003. Warm ischemic time was less than 30 min in all cases, and total ischemic time ranged from 8.4 hours to 27.9 hours. Rejection reactions occurred in seven cases, two of which were vascular rejections. Infectious disease complications included CMV in two cases, interstitial pneumonia in one case and fungal infection in one case. One patient died from interstitial pneumonia, and three patients had to be restarted on dialysis due to loss of function of the grafted kidney. The remaining seven patients all made full recoveries. All of the 16 patients who underwent living related kidney transplantations during the same period made full recoveries. Both the donor's gender and the latest creatinine level of the donor influenced the posttransplant dialysis period. The posttransplant dialysis period significantly influenced the creatinine level one month after transplant. These results suggest that patients who undergo kidney transplants from non-heart-beating donors have higher rates of complications than patients who undergo living related kidney transplantation. It is important that, in cases where the donor's creatinine level is high, especially when the donor is male, the kidney is carefully retrieved and transported to the recipent hospital to shorten the ischemic period as much as possible.     

Experience of a Canadian multi-organ transplant service.

Organ transplantation has become the treatment of choice for selected patients with end-stage failure of the heart, liver or kidneys. The expanding role for organ transplantation, however, has led to a corresponding increase in the complexity of patient management. In response to these changes, University Hospital, London, Ont., has established an interdisciplinary multi-organ transplant service (MOTS). MOTS coordinates donor organ procurement and patient management. Donor organs have been retrieved from as far south as Dalton, Georgia, as far west as Calgary and as far east as Halifax. As of Dec. 31, 1985, 485 transplants had been performed, including 387 kidney transplants, 51 heart transplants, 3 heart/lung transplants, 43 liver transplants (in adults and children) and 1 pancreas transplant. With current immunosuppressive protocols MOTS projects 1-year patient survival rates of 95% after kidney transplantation, 88% after heart transplantation and 81% after liver transplantation. Patient rehabilitation has been excellent.     

人类白细胞抗原——氨基酸残基配型在肾移植中的应用

目的探讨人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-氨基酸残基配型在肾移植中的临床应用价值.方法应用HLA氨基酸残基配型(ResM)标准及传统的六抗原配型标准(AgM).分析在尸肾移植中HLA--氨基酸残基配型对肾移植结果的影响.结果采用ResM标准可大幅度提高相配几率,0、1mm组受者由1.8%提高到42.9%;2mm组受者由1.8%提高到41.1%.结论新的ResM标准具有实用性与可行性,可大幅度提高移植供受者的相配几率,适合于肾移植的临床应用.     

人类白细胞抗原不相合造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床研究

目的 :探讨应用人类白细胞抗原 (humanleukocyteantigen ,HLA)不相合供体造血干细胞移植治疗白血病。方法 :总结我所于 2 0 0 0年 7月至 2 0 0 1年 12月进行的 7例HLA不相合造血干细胞移植 ,其中包括 3例慢性髓性白血病、3例急性非淋巴细胞性白血病、1例急性淋巴细胞白血病。干细胞来源 :6例为外周血干细胞 ,1例为骨髓干细胞。预处理方案为改良马利兰 (busulfan ,BU) /环磷酰胺 (cyclophosphamide,CY)或BU/CY +抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 (antithymocyteglobulin ,ATG)。预防急性移植物抗宿主病 (graftversushostdisease,GVHD)采用环孢霉素A及短疗程氨甲喋呤 ,5例患者加用霉酚酸酯 (骁悉 )。结果 :1例为骨髓造血干细胞 ,采集骨髓单个核细胞数 3 .4 1× 10 8kg-1,6例为粒细胞集落刺激因子 (granlocytecolony stimulatingfactor,G CSF)动员后外周血干细胞 ,平均接受8.4 6× 10 8kg-1(4.3 0× 10 8～ 15 .3 5× 10 8kg-1)供者外周血单个核细胞 ,平均 + 13天 (+ 11～ + 16天 )中性粒细胞(absoluteneutrophilcount,ANC)大于 0 .5× 10 9L-1。平均 + 16天 (+ 11～ + 2 3天 )血小板大于 2 0 .0× 10 9L-1。发生急性Ⅰ～Ⅱ度GVHD 3例 (42 .9% ) ,无 1例严重的急性GVHD ,发生慢性广泛性GVHD 2例 (2 8.6% )。中位随访时间 1