良性阵发性位置性眩晕的眼震图研究

目的:探讨视频眼震图(VNG)在良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)中的应用价值。方法:回顾126例BPPV患者的VNG资料,分析总结各型BPPV在Dix-Hallpike和滚转试验中VNG上的眼震特点。结果:126例BPPV患者中,后半规管BPPV(PSC-BPPV)98例(77.8%),水平半规管BPPV(HSC-BPPV)17例(13.5%),前半规管BPPV(ASC-BPPV)5例(3.9%),混合型BPPV6例(4.8%);28例PSC-BPPV记录到反转相眼震。VNG上显示PSC和ASC管石症Dix-Hallpike悬头位垂直相眼震分别向上、向下,水平相眼震均向对侧,回到坐位时眼震反向。HSC-BPPV滚转试验向两侧转头均可诱发出眼震,眼震与转头方向相同时,可判断为HSC管石症,以能够诱发较强眼震的转头侧为患侧;眼震与转头方向相反时,则为HSC嵴顶结石症,以能够诱发较弱眼震的转头侧为患侧。结论:VNG能够客观地记录BPPV患者的眼震情况,准确判断耳石所在的半规管,并且保存了眼震数据资料,可以进一步指导临床实践,值得推广。     

红外视频眼震检查在良性阵发性位置性眩晕诊断的应用

目的探讨眼震视图(VNG)应用于诊断良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的价值。方法对50例拟诊BPPV患者,在视频眼动观察记录下完成DIX_Hallpike变位及ROLL滚转试验,判别受累半规管并采取相应手法复位。结果 (1)依据眼震特点和方向判断受累半规管[1]:后半规管(PSC-BPPV)39例,占78%;水平半规管(HSC-BPPV)6例,占12%;前半规管(ASC-BPPV)1例,占2%;2个或2个以上半规管同时受累及4例,占8%;(2)以此为基础选择适当的手法进行复位治疗,1周后随访疗效:痊愈43例,有效6例,无效1例,总有效率98%。结论眼震视图对BPPV患者眼震情况的客观记录,提高了受累半规管的准确判别率,对于良性阵发性位置性眩晕诊断可以提供一种更为客观、精确的方法。     

红外视频采集仪记录BPPV患者眼震的结果分析

目的探讨用红外视频眼动采集仪(CHARTR VNG)观察记录良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxys-mal positional vertigo,BPPV)患者的眼震特点。方法用红外视频采集仪详细记录78例BPPV患者在Dix-Hallpike试验及滚转试验中的眼震变化。结果40例(51.28%)为一侧后半规管病变;13例(16.67%)为一侧水平半规管病变;6例(7.7%)为一侧上半规管病变;19例(24.36%)出现多发位置性眼震,其中6例为双侧后半规管病变,2例双侧上半规管病变,3例为双侧水平半规管病变,8例患者在不同头位下出现眼震,提示混合半规管病变。结论红外视频眼动采集仪可以更直观地观察眼动变化,对诊断BPPV受累半规管提供可靠依据,特别是对非典型位置性的眼震,能更好的提示良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者非典型位置性的眼震发生率,包括水平半规管、上半规管病变和多个半规管联合病变。患者的治疗可以根据不同的受累半规管采取不同方法。     

视频眼震图监视下的良性阵发性位置性眩晕手法复位临床分析

目的探讨良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benignparoxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)手法复位的临床疗效及视频眼震图在复位中的作用。方法回顾性分析来我科就诊疑似BPPV患者200例,所有患者均分别在裸眼下和视频眼震图下通过变位试验共确诊159例并行手法复位治疗,统计裸眼下与视频眼震图下典型特征眼震的检出率及手法复位的临床治愈率及复发率。结果裸眼下特征眼震的检出率为68.50%,视频眼震图下典型眼震检出率为79.50%。手法复位第一次治愈率为77.99%,总有效率为98.11%,复发率为5.66%,复发患者经再次手法复位后均好转。结论视频眼震图在BPPV诊断及手法复位中起着重要作用,手法复位为治疗BPPV可靠而有效的方法。     

甲磺酸倍他司汀对良性阵发性位置性眩晕位置试验眼震的影响CSCD

目的探讨甲磺酸倍他司汀对良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)位置试验眼震的影响。方法2022年1~6月就诊的头晕患者并且予BPPV位置试验检查,其中61例检查前24h内仅口服过甲磺酸倍他司汀治疗,199例检查前24h内口服其他药物或者多种药物联合治疗。观察其停药前、后BPPV位置试验眼震变化情况:检查前24h内有用药史者,先予第1次BPPV位置试验,记录眼震情况;若第1次位置试验为阴性,嘱其停药24h后再予第2次BPPV位置试验,记录眼震情况;若第1次位置试验为阳性,予手法复位治疗,1h后复查,若复位效果欠佳,嘱其停药24h后再予第2次BPPV位置试验,记录眼震情况。位置试验眼震均通过视频眼罩观察。结果检查前24h内仅口服过甲磺酸倍他司汀的患者中,第1次BPPV位置试验眼震阳性者占16.39%(10/61),停药24h后第2次BPPV位置试验眼震阳性者占49.02%(25/51),停药前、后BPPV位置试验眼震阳性率有显著统计学差异(x2=8.89,P=0.003)。第1次位置试验眼震阳性者中,有5例(50%)在停药24h后第2次位置试验中眼震强弱程度发生变化,导致定位患侧半规管发生变化:2例左水平半规管BPPV修正为右水平半规管BPPV;1例左水平半规管帽型BPPV修正为右水平半规管帽型BPPV;2例水平半规管帽型BPPV,从第1次位置试验无法根据眼震强弱程度辨别患侧,到第2次位置试验可以根据眼震强弱程度明确患侧。结论甲磺酸倍他司汀对BPPV位置试验的精确性有一定影响,主要表现为抑制患者发病时原有的眼震,建议停药24h后再做位置试验,有助于BPPV精准诊疗。     

水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者眼震参数客观特征

目的 探讨水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)眼震的方向、强度、时间等参数的客观特征及机制.方法 水平半规管BPPV患者233例,其中水平半规管管石症(horizontal semicircular canalithasis,HSC-Can) 179例,水平半规管壶腹嵴顶结石症(horizontal semicircular canal cupulolithiasis,HSC-Cup)54例.应用视频眼震图仪分别记录滚转试验诱发眼震,比较各个试验头位的眼震方向、强度、时间等参数特点.采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据处理.结果 水平半规管BPPV患者滚转试验在左侧、右侧转头位均可诱发出水平性眼震.HSC-Can诱发眼震方向与转头方向相同,向患侧和健侧转头位诱发眼震的潜伏期(-x±s,下同)为(1.922±1.501)s和(1.447±0.855)s,持续时间为(25.620±10.409)s和(22.110±10.931)s,强度为(56.441±33.168)°/s和(24.239±13.892)°/s,向患侧转头诱发眼震的潜伏期、持续时间及强度均大于健侧,差异均具有统计学意义(t值分别为3.715、15.219和4.070,P值均＜0.01),其中眼震强度之比约为2∶1.HSC-Cup诱发眼震方向与转头方向相反,向健侧转头诱发眼震的强度明显大于向患侧转头,其强度之比约为2∶1,差异具有统计学意义(t=-7.634,P＜0.01);而向健侧和向患侧转头诱发眼震的潜伏期,差异则无统计学意义(t=1.670,P=0.101).HSC-Can滚转试验中向患侧转头诱发眼震的潜伏期、强度均大于HSC-Cup向健侧转头,但差异无统计学意义(t值分别为1.554和0.305,P值均＞0.05).结论 水平半规管BPPV患者滚转试验向左右侧转头诱发眼震的强度均遵循Ewald定律,强弱之比约为2∶1;潜伏期、持续时间及强度等眼震图参数可作为BPPV的客观诊断指标.     

红外摄像眼震镜对良性阵发性位置性眼震的观察

良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional veal-go，BPPV)作为最常见的外周性旋转性眩晕，其典型的病理改变是变性脱落的耳石坠入后半规管作用于壶腹嵴所致。而变位性试验是诊断BPPV的常规检查手段，变位性眼震的类型和方向对BPPV的定位诊断有重要意义。本文利用红外摄像眼震镜(videonystagmoscope，VNS)，在变位性眼震试验中对42例怀疑为BPPV患者进行实时检测，并在头位变位疗法中动态观察眼震变化，以评价VNS在BPPV的诊断和疗效观察方面的临床价值。     

上半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕诱发试验的研究

目的　探讨运用自主研制的SRM- IV良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal posit ional ver t igo,BPPV）诊疗系统在上半规管BPPV的诱发试验中的临床应用价值。方法　本研究中将367例高度怀疑BPPV患者随机分成两组,一组181例依序进行Dix-Hallpike试验及SRM-IV BPPV诊疗系统采用后半规管BPPV诱发试验和上半规管BPPV诱发试验检查,有20例被确诊为上半规管BPPV;另一组186例检查顺序相反,共有21例被确诊为上半规管BPPV,观察并记录该41例确诊为上半规管BPPV的每位患者每种体位下的特异性眼震,计算每种检查方法的检出率,并运用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果　Di x-Hal lpike试验中有26（63.4%）例患者诱发出典型垂直向下眼震;SRM-IV后半规管BPPV诱发试验中有28例（68.3%）患者诱发出典型垂直向下眼震;SRM-IV上半规管BPPV中有35例（85.4%）患者诱发出典型垂直向下眼震。Dix-Hallpike试验与SRM-IV后半规管BPPV诱发试验检出率的差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;SRM-IV上半规管BPPV诱发试验对上半规管BPPV检出率高于其余两种方法,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论　SRM-IV上半规管BPPV诱发试验对上半规管可产生有效的刺激,对诊断上半规管BPPV敏感性高,此方法应该在临床得到推广。     

无明显眼震的良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者手法复位疗效分析

目的 初步探讨无眼震良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的治疗方法.方法 39例无明显眼震的BPPV患者(治疗组)和76例后半规管BPPV患者(对照组),采用Epley法分别进行1~3次手法复位治疗,两组均于治疗后2周复诊,比较其疗效.结果 治疗组症状立即消失21例,2周内症状消失6例,症状改善5例,7例无效,治愈率69.23%(27/39),总有效率84.62%(32/39);对照组症状立即消失36例,2周内症状消失23例,症状改善9例,8例无效,治愈率77.63%(59/76),总有效率89.47%(66/76).两组间治愈率和有效率比较差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对不伴眼震的BPPV患者,Epley手法复位效果良好.     

后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者复位中眼震分析

目的 分析后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕(posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,PC-BPPV)患者复位中的眼震,探讨BPPV可能的发病机制.方法 2007年12月至2008年4月眩晕门诊就诊的66例PC-BPPV患者,详细记录病史、体位试验及复位中不同位置眼震的情况,对PC-BPPV患者可能发病机制进行探讨.结果 变位试验完伞符合贵阳会议诊断标准的66例PC-BPPV患者,采用改良Epley复位,视频眼震记录技术记录复位中四个位置的眼震方向及强度,24例患者复位中出现的眼震均为垂直扭转向上眼震;21例除第一个位置出现上向扭转眼震,其余三个位置眼震阴性;7例变位试验初诊PC-BPPV的患者在第二次复位中出现强烈水平眼震;14例患者复位的第二或第三个位置出现下向垂直眼震.由复位中不同位置出现的眼震分析,66例确诊为PC-BPPV的患者,52例复位中的表现符合管石及嵴顶耳石症理论,占78.8%.结论 除了目前公认的管石症及嵴顶耳石症理论外,推测部分PC-BPPV可能与耳石器官及球囊椭圆囊神经病变有关.     

上半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕41例

目的 探讨上半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)诊断和治疗的最佳方案。方法 回顾性分析41例上半规管BPPV患者的病历资料,并对所有患者的诊断及复位进行评估分析。结果 SRM-Ⅳ模拟Dix-Hallpike试验诱发出典型垂直向下眼震28例(68.3%),其中眼震伴有向地扭转的成分19例,不伴有扭转成分9例;SRM-Ⅳ上半规管BPPV诱发试验诱发出典型垂直向下眼震35例(84.6%),其中眼震伴有向地扭转的成分30例,不伴有扭转成分5例。在所有41例患者中有38例能通过两种诱发试验对受累侧别做出判断,其中因诱发眼震伴有扭转成分而判断侧别30例,单侧诱发诱发出垂直向下眼震且不伴有扭转成分3例,双侧诱发出垂直向下眼震5例,且不伴有扭转成分,但因眩晕及眼震的强度有明显差别而判断出侧别,患者对受累侧别不能判断3例。在能判断出侧别的38例患者中有左侧上半规管受累25例,右侧上半规管受累13例。对41例采用SRM-Ⅳ上半规管BPPV复位法进行治疗,通过一次治疗痊愈28例,有效12例,无效1例。结论 上半规管BPPV 临床上被越来越重视,应用SRM-ⅣBPPV诊疗系统对上半规管BPPV进行诊治效果好,应该在临床得到推广。     

外半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕的诊疗

良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)是最常见的周围性眩晕,主要表现为随头位变化出现的短暂性眩晕发作,该病分为后半规管型、外半规管型、上半规管型及多半规管.其中后半规管BPPV最常见,其次为外半规管BPPVo外半规管BPPV根据发病机制、原理、眼震方向等有多种分类方法.近年来外半规管BPPV的手法复位逐渐被熟悉,但一些患者复位后效果不佳,如外半规管嵴帽结石症,部分患者行常规手法复位后发作性眩晕仍然存在.我们将这部分手法复位后眩晕症状改善不明显的类型归结为难治型外半规管嵴帽结石症.本文主要围绕外半规管BPPV的概念及分类、流行病学、病因、发病机制、诊断及复位方法,尤其对于难治型外半规管嵴帽结石症的复位方法做一综述.     

Is it possible to diagnose Posterior Semicircular Canal BPPV from the sitting position? The role of the Head Pitch Test and the upright tests along the RALP and LARP planes

PurposeThe diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) involving the posterior semicircular canal (PSC) is traditionally entrusted to positioning tests where patients are rapidly brought in the supine position. This prospective study aims to define the role of a diagnostic protocol for PSC-BPPV including only upright tests.Materials and methods109 patients with PSC-BPPV were enrolled. The Head Pitch Test (HPT) was carried out first. If uneventful, the patient's head was turned 45° to each side and bent back-and-forth along the plane aligning either with the right anterior-left posterior (RALP) or left anterior-right posterior (LARP) canals, thus performing the upright RALP / upright LARP (uRALP/uLARP) test. Nystagmus observed was used to predict the diagnosis, which was therefore confirmed by Dix-Hallpike tests.ResultsPSC-BPPV could be correctly diagnosed in 75.2% of cases with the sole HPT and in 87.2% of cases by adding the uRALP/uLARP test (Upright Protocol). The time elapsed from symptoms onset was closely related to the protocol sensitivity, as it reached 100% (64/64) in acute patients while decreased to 68.9% (31/45) in cases evaluated after 7 days (p < 0.001).ConclusionsUpright maneuvers could correctly diagnose PSC-BPPV in most cases. uRALP/uLARP test demonstrated to improve the sensitivity of the HPT, mainly in recent-onset BPPV.     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕伴幽闭恐惧症患者临床特征及诊疗体会

目的 分析良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)伴幽闭恐惧症患者临床特征,探讨临床诊断治疗的注意事项。方法 回顾性研究48例BPPV伴幽闭恐惧症患者临床资料,对患者一般情况、检查方法、检查次数、治疗次数、疗效、复发率、心理状态及生活质量改善程度进行分析,并与同期50例原发性BPPV患者进行比较。结果 两组患者的总有效率、平均治疗次数、复发率和生活质量得到改善情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组患者的首次检查确诊率(P=0.019)、社会活动恢复情况(P=0.000)有显著性差异。结论 对于BPPV伴幽闭恐惧症患者,临床建议给予多次裸眼检查或多次复诊观察眼震以明确诊断。BPPV伴幽闭恐惧症患者经治疗后生活质量改善情况好,但幽闭恐惧症患者在治疗后参与社会活动方面受影响,需要给予关注。     

Vestibular migraine and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,close presentation dilemma

Abstract

Background: Not only an association between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and migraine have been recognized in the literature, but also, there are close similarities between BPPV and vestibular migraine (VM) presentations as both can be presented by very similar positional nystagmus.

Aims/objectives: To prescribe relatively uncommon cases of positional nystagmus caused by VM that mimics positioning nystagmus of BPPV.

Material and method: 12 patients were reviewed retrospectively in this study. All were subjected to full history taking, videonystagmography testing (VNG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast. Provisionally, they were diagnosed with BPPV. After three attempts of repositioning sessions none of them improved. After exclusion of central insults using brain MRI, trial of anti-migraine medical treatment (50-100 Topiramate tablets once per day) for at least one month was prescribed to them.

Results: 10 patients were completely cured on medical treatment and finally were diagnosed VM. Only 2 patients did not improve on medical treatment (for one month), were managed again by repeated repositioning maneuvers till finally improved and were diagnosed as resistant BPPV.

Conclusions/significance: VM positional nystagmus can mimic BPPV nystagmus in some patients.     

Positional and positioning down-beating nystagmus without central nervous system findings

We report the clinical features of 4 cases with positional or positioning down-beating nystagmus in a head-hanging or supine position without any obvious central nervous system disorder. The 4 cases had some findings in common. There were no abnormal findings on neurological tests or brain MRI. They did not have gaze nystagmus. Their nystagmus was observed only in a supine or head-hanging position and it was never observed upon returning to a sitting position and never reversed. The nystagmus had no or little torsional component, had latency and tended to decrease with time. The positional DBN (p-DBN) is known to be indicative of a central nervous system disorder. Recently there were some reports that canalithiasis of the anterior semicircular canal (ASC) causes p-DBN and that patients who have p-DBN without obvious CNS dysfunction are dealt with anterior semicircular canal (ASC) benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). There are some doubts as to the validity of making a diagnosis of ASC-BPPV in a case of p-DBN without CNS findings. It is hard to determine the cause of p-DBN in these cases.     

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo without nystagmus: diagnosis and treatment

Nystagmus tests to diagnose BPPV are still relevant in the clinical evaluation of BPPV. However, in everyday practice, there are cases of vertigo caused by head movements, which do not follow this sign in the Dix-Hallpike maneuver and the turn test.AimTo characterize BPPV without nystagmus and treatment for it.Materials and methodsA non-systematic review of diagnosis and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) without nystagmus in the PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane, BIREME, LILACS and MEDLINE databases in the years between 2001 and 2009.ResultsWe found nine papers dealing with BPPV without nystagmus, whose diagnoses were based solely on clinical history and physical examination. The treatment of BPPV without nystagmus was made by Epley maneuvers, Sémont, modified releasing for posterior semicircular canal and Brandt-Daroff exercises.ConclusionFrom 50% to 97.1% of the patients with BPPV without nystagmus had symptom remission, while patients with BPPV with nystagmus with symptom remission ranged from 76% to 100%. These differences may not be significant, which points to the need for more studies on BPPV without nystagmus.