Incidence of sexually transmissible disorders in clients of 2 ambulatory venereal disease clinics in Amsterdam, 1981-1987

Since 1981 sexually transmitted diseases (STD) diagnosed at the STD clinics of the Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam, are registered by sex, sexual orientation and prostitution. Numbers of diagnoses per 1,000 new consultations are compared for each group of visitors over the period 1981-1987. Among heterosexual visitors there has been a steady decline of gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis since 1981. Genital herpes and venereal warts after increasing until 1985 have reached a plateau. Because of the early appearance of these trends they cannot be attributed to changes in heterosexual behaviour brought about by the AIDS epidemic. Nongonococcal urethritis has been increasing since 1981, possibly due to insufficient Chlamydia trachomatis detection in the country. After several years of decline, early syphilis has been increasing since 1987 among heterosexual men and women. Among homo/bisexual men the numbers of cases of gonorrhoea and early syphilis as well as the number of consultations for STD have decreased strongly since 1984, which may well be the result of changes in homosexual behaviour because of AIDS.     

Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Owerri,Nigeria

Medical records of two health institutions in Owerri ‐ Owerri General Hospital and Avigram Medical Diagnostic and Research Laboratories ‐ were examined between 1990 and 1993 to determine the extend and types of sexually transmitted diseases in Owerri. Sexually transmitted diseases recorded in both centers were trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gonorrhoea, and syphilis. The cases of confirmed STD at the General Hospital Owerri nearly doubled from 77 in 1990 to 144 in 1993. For the Avigram Medical Laboratories the figures almost tripled 134 and 367 for 1990 and 1993 respectively. Data analysis of the cases confirmed at the Owerri General Hospital and Avigram Medical Laboratories gave no significant difference between the two institutions at the 95% level of confidence.     

Summary of the practice guideline 'The STD consultation' from the Dutch College of General Practitioners

The practice guideline on STD consultations from the Dutch College of General Practitioners sets out guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia-infection, gonorrhoea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, genital herpes condylomata acuminata, hepatitis B, HIV-infection and pubic lice. Testing for Chlamydia-infection is always indicated if an STD is suspected but the necessity of also testing for gonorrhoea, syphilis, hepatitis B or HIV-infection depends on the likely risk. For the diagnosis of Chlamydia in a symptomatic woman it advises taking material from the cervix and urethra. In an asymptomatic woman Chlamydia infection is excluded by means of a urine test. In men a urethral swab of the first part of the urinary stream can be used for diagnosis. The first choice of treatment for gonorrhoea is a single 1 g intramuscular dose ofcefotaxime. The practice guidelines also examine other aspects of treatment for STDs including counselling and telling partners.     

Surveillance for sexually transmissible diseases in Victoria, 1983 to 1992

Abstract: Surveillance systems have been developed in Victoria to determine trends in sexually transmissible diseases (STDs). Notifications to the Health Department (including laboratory notification since May 1990) have been supplemented by data about strains of Nasseria gonorrhoeae and cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis processed by the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, enhanced laboratory surveillance of syphilis, and data on genital herpes and genital warts from the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre. During the period under review the incidence of gonorrhoea declined, rapidly at first, and then more slowly. For women, this trend has continued, while gonorrhoea acquired abroad by men has become relatively more important. Since 1988, gonorrhoea in homosexual men has increased, and rectal isolates have increased concurrently, raising concerns about HIV risk behaviour. Cases of syphilis are likely to be ascertained through STD, antenatal and refugee screening, rather than because of symptoms or contact tracing. Chlamydia is a the most common notifiable STD, despite underreporting and under-diagnosis. In 1991, 832 cases were notified, increasing to 1377 in 1992. In 1992, of the 73 cases (65 per cent of notifications) where the doctor identified a risk, 15 per cent was attributed to homosexual contact, and 27.4 per cent to heterosexual exposure. Limitations in the data include inadequate standard case definitions for many STDs, changes in the statutory requirement for notifications in 1990, underreporting, changes in diagnostic and screening patterns, and lack of detailed demographic data. Education of general practitioners is needed to improve diagnosis and notification of chlamydia.     

HIV infection in Ukraine (1987-96)

In Ukraine, the number of reported HIV infections increased extremely rapidly during the second half of the 1990s, from less than 50 per year until 1994 to more than 12,000 in 1996. The increase was initially observed and was particularly striking in the regions along the Black Sea. The majority of reported HIV infections were diagnosed in injecting drug users. The extend of HIV spread through sexual transmission is more difficult to assess because of the strong social stigma attached to homosexuality and the lack of information on sexual behaviour in general. The reported number of syphilis cases have also dramatically increased, from 3,000 cases in 1990 to nearly 80,000 cases in 1996. In this paper, we describe the surveillance systems for, and epidemiologic data on HIV infections, AIDS, and other STD in Ukraine from 1987 to 1996. We review the contributions of different vulnerable groups and we also discuss the factors influencing the past spread and the potential for future spread of HIV infection and make recommendations for surveillance, research and prevention.     

Substantial increase in gonorrhea and syphilis among clients of Amsterdam Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic

In the Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic of the Amsterdam Municipal Health Service standardized data are collected about all visitors, which makes it possible to gain insight into the STD trends. In 1999, 706 new cases of gonorrhoea and 76 new cases of infectious syphilis were diagnosed, increases of 46% and 111% respectively compared with 1998. The largest increase was seen among men who had sex with men. In this group the number of diagnosed cases of anorectal gonorrhoea in 1999 was twice as high as in 1998 (186 versus 94) and the number of infectious syphilis cases four times as high (40 versus 9). These data indicate an increase in unsafe sexual behaviour, possibly because of a change in attitudes about AIDS, now that effective antiretroviral treatment is available.     

深圳市405例男性高危人群性病患病率及行为危险因素调查

目的了解性病门诊男性人群性病患病状况和人口学与行为学特征,为制定性病艾滋病干预措施和评估干预效果提供依据。方法收集深圳市性病门诊男性就诊者的静脉血,尿道拭子及调查问卷,进行性病艾滋病的检测,并对调查资料进行统计学分析。结果在450例受调查者中检出梅毒15例,占3.33%;淋病24例,占5.33%;生殖道沙眼衣原体感染43例,占9.56%;单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型感染82例,占18.22%;艾滋病HIV阳性2例,占0.44%;合并两种以上感染者20例,占4.45%。患者多以未婚的20-30岁青年、高中（中专）学历者为主,多来自农村。性病门诊男性就诊者对淋病、梅毒、艾滋病有较高的认知率,但对尖锐湿疣、生殖器疱疹、非淋菌性尿道炎及软下疳等认知率较低;大部分了解艾滋病的3条传播途径,但对日常生活不传播艾滋病存在着认识误区;安全套使用率低;接受过艾滋病病毒检测的仅占6.41%。结论针对性病门诊男性就诊者宣传艾滋病性病知识和安全性行为,倡导正确的求医行为,对降低性病艾滋病的流行具有重要意义。     

我国性病监测点15岁以下儿童性病流行病学分析

为了解我国性病监测点 15岁以下儿童性病流行趋势及流行特点 ,为制定控制对策提供科学依据 ,对 1987～ 1996年我国性病监测点儿童性病发病情况进行连续监测 ,对监测结果进行流行病学分析。结果发现 15岁以下儿童性病流行特点为 :⑴儿童性病发病呈逐年上升趋势 ,发病率由 1987年的0 .51/ 10万上升至 1996年的 8.62 / 10万 ;⑵以淋病为主 ,平均构成为 85.58% ,但所占比例逐年下降 ,非淋菌性尿道 (宫颈 )炎和梅毒在逐年增高 ;⑶女性发病率均高于男性 ,男女病例数之比为 1∶2 .35;⑷ 0～岁组儿童性病发病率远高于其他年龄组 ,1996年达 4 4 .68/ 10万 ;⑸城市和少数民族地区高于农村。上述表明 ,我国性病监测点儿童性病流行形势日益严峻 ,应引起我们足够的重视。     

北京市怀柔区2005-2007年性病就诊者监测分析

目的掌握怀柔区性病就诊者梅毒、艾滋病流行动态及感染的危险因素，为制定预防控制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法在性病门诊就诊量较大的区第一医院、妇幼保健院、中医医院3家医院的性病门诊及妇科门诊设立监测哨点，主动开展性病就诊者监测工作。结果2005-2007年3年共监测性病就诊者810人，血清学检测结果显示：监测出艾滋病（AIDS）患者1人，检出率0．12％；梅毒确诊试验抗体阳性检出126例，检出率15．6％；梅毒血清试验RPR阳性检出85例，梅毒现正感染检出率10．5％。结论性病就诊者是一组特殊的性活跃人群，是梅毒感染的高发人群，也是感染艾滋病的危险人群。提示有关部门今后应加强此类人群梅毒、艾滋病的监测和预防控制工作。     

Assessing the sensitivity of STD surveillance in the Netherlands: an application of the capture--recapture method

The capture-recapture method was used to estimate the sensitivity of case finding in two national STD surveillance systems: (1) STD registration at municipal health services (STD-MHS); (2) statutory notification by clinicians (NNS). To identify those cases common to both surveillance systems, cases from 1995 were compared using individual identifiers. Estimated sensitivities for syphilis were: STD-MHS 31% (95% CI: 27-35%), NNS 64% (56-71%); and for gonorrhoea: STD-MHS 15% (14-18%), NNS 22% (19-25%). The combined sensitivity of both systems was 76% for syphilis and 34% for gonorrhoea. Differences in the sensitivity of the systems were significant. The NNS was more sensitive than the STD-MHS, and the identification of cases was significantly more sensitive for syphilis than for gonorrhoea. A stratified analysis showed comparable results for the two sexes. Knowledge on the sensitivity of surveillance systems is useful for public health decisions and essential for international comparisons.     

深圳市一般妇女生殖道感染状况及其影响因素分析

目的:了解深圳市妇女生殖道感染(RTI)流行情况,分析其中全市一般人群(一般人群)与罗湖区受检人群(罗湖区人群)RTI流行情况及其影响因素,寻求普通人群RTI的防治办法。方法:通过问卷调查生物学特征及其他相关情况;妇科检查阴道、宫颈情况,取相应分泌物及抽取静脉血分别进行相关病原体实验室检查;用SPSS10.0软件进行统计描述和判断。结果:①深圳市一般人群RTI感染率(25.5%)与我国其他地区研究结果一致,而罗湖区人群RTI感染率(17.6%)则明显低于全市水平;②宫颈感染的危险因素为年龄≤25岁、未婚、近3个月有新性伴及没有使用避孕套,阴道感染中滴虫感染的危险因素为年龄≤25岁、初次性生活年龄<18岁、未婚,高中以上文化程度者患细菌性阴道病和念珠菌性阴道炎的可能性较小;③罗湖区人群对部分RTI症状的认知程度明显高于一般人群。结论:加强对RTI、AIDS防治的健康教育工作,在各个不同层面开展多种形式的RTI、AIDS防治知识教育是提高一般人群对RTI、AIDS认识,减少疾病发生和传播的重要因素;积极开展生殖健康普查、普治工作,尽早发现无症状RTI病人并进行规范治疗,是阻断疾病发展、传播,减少并发症发生和HIV感染机会的重要环节。     

Risk and prevalence of treatable sexually transmitted diseases at a Birmingham substance abuse treatment facility

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the prevalence of gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and syphilis in patients entering residential drug treatment. METHODS: Data on sexual and substance abuse histories were collected. Participants provided specimens for chlamydia and gonorrhea ligase chain reaction testing. Trichomonas vaginalis culture, and syphilis serologic testing. RESULTS: Of 311 patients, crack cocaine use was reported by 67% and multisubstance use was reported by 71%. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk behaviors were common. The prevalence of infection was as follows: Chlamydia trachomatis, 2.3%; Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 1.6%; trichomoniasis, 43%; and syphilis, 6%. CONCLUSIONS: STD counseling and screening may be a useful adjunct to inpatient drug treatment.     

重庆市489名娱乐场所女性从业人员性病艾滋病KABP调查和高危行为分析

目的了解娱乐场所女性从业人员性病艾滋病知识、态度、信念、高危行为情况和性病感染率,为制定针对该人群的防治措施提供科学依据。方法对489名娱乐场所工作人员进行问卷调查、体格检查和采样检测淋球菌、梅毒和HIV,用SPSS 11.5进行统计分析,影响淋病、梅毒和HIV感染率的因素经logistic回归分析进行判定。结果在调查的489人中,55.6%年龄在18~25岁,文化程度以初中为主(54.2%),婚姻状况以未婚同居为主(38.4%)。96.1%的人希望接受性病艾滋病防治知识教育,33.3%的人有吸毒史,84.8%的人有婚外或婚前性行为,61.3%的人有2个以上的性伴,与固定性伴发生性交时安全套使用率低,但与客人发生性交时安全套使用率较高。淋球菌感染率为4.9%,梅毒感染率为9.8%,HIV感染率为0.6%,尖锐湿疣患病率为3.5%。结论较低安全套使用率和高性病感染率将促进艾滋病在该人群中的流行和蔓延,应加强对这一人群性病艾滋病的综合监测、行为干预和开展有针对性的宣传教育活动,遏制性病艾滋病在该人群中的流行。     

HIV, HPV, and syphilis prevalence in a women's penitentiary in the city of S?o Paulo, 1997-1998]

Incarcerated women as a group are particularly vulnerable to infections. The lack of public programs for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment contribute to the increase in the incidence and prevalence of diseases in general and especially sexually transmitted diseases. This article aims to estimate the prevalence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and syphilis among inmates at the Women's Penitentiary in the State capital of S?o Paulo, Brazil. All inmates were invited to participate in the study, which was divided into two stages: 1. STD/AIDS preventive workshops including interviews and 2. laboratory tests. The interview covered knowledge of STD/AIDS, risk behavior, and individual reproductive health history. A total of 262 women, with a mean age of 32.4 years and limited schooling, participated in more than one stage of the study. Prevalence rates were 14.5% for HIV, 16.3% for high-oncogenic-risk HPV probes, 4.8% for low-oncogenic-risk HPV probes, and 5.7% for syphilis. The authors conclude that STD/HIV constitute a serious health problem in the prison system, requiring urgent preventive measures.     

深圳市1994～2003年性传播疾病流行病学分析

目的了解深圳市1994~2003年性病艾滋病流行动态特征,为政府制订预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对深圳市1994~2003年性病年报资料进行统计分析。结果深圳市1994~2003年共报告性病104963例,性病报告年发病率为196·74/10万~327.76/10万。发病构成位于前3位的依次为淋病(占30.71%)、尖锐湿疣(占29.11%)、非淋菌性尿道炎(占20.86%)。1994~2001年性病报告发病率均为男性高于女性,但自2002年起,女性发病率高于男性;年龄别发病率以20~39岁性活跃年龄段最高,其发病数占总病例数的80.74%;婚姻状况以已婚为主(占56.18%);文化程度以中学文化程度居多(占72.81%);职业构成以工人、无业、干部职工、饮食服务业、个体列前五位;传播方式以非婚性接触占大多数(占67.21%)。2001年起,HIV/AIDS报告病例数大幅上升;梅毒发病率从1996年开始呈上升趋势,1999年达到高峰,然后维持在一个较高的水平;淋病发病率呈逐年下降趋势,但病例绝对数依然很高;尖锐湿疣发病率1998年以前呈逐年上升趋势,1999年起呈下降趋势;非淋菌性尿道炎和生殖器疱疹发病率呈波动式上升趋势。结论深圳市性病总的上升势头得到控制,但梅毒、艾滋病流行仍呈上升趋势,预防和控制工作力度仍应加强。     

武汉市2014—2018年性病门诊男性就诊者艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的 了解武汉市性病门诊男性就诊者艾滋病监测情况,分析目标人群高危行为以及HIV、HCV和梅毒感染状况,为制定科学的防艾措施提供依据.方法 按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案》,用连续采样方法,对2014—2018年监测期内所有符合条件的对象进行问卷调查并采集血样进行检测,每年监测400人,共完成样本量2000例.采用卡...     

2009年扬州市男性性病门诊就诊者性病/艾滋病感染状况调查

[目的]了解性病门诊就诊者性病和艾滋病的感染状况,为制订防制措施提供科学依据。[方法]2009年7~9月对扬州市5家性病门诊的男性就诊者进行问卷调查和血样、尿样的检测。[结果]调查就诊者483人,检出性病病人304例,其中梅毒103例、尖锐湿疣77例、淋病57例、生殖器疱疹37例、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染28例、HIV抗体阳性2例。483人中,本地户籍占88.82%;20~59岁占89.86%;初、高中文化占73.08%;最近3个月发生过商业性行为者占36.85%,其中经常使用安全套的占18.54%,最近1次与临时性伴发生性行为时使用安全套的占16.49%;接受过性病知识宣传教育的占43.27%;接受过性病检测或治疗占38.30%。[结论]扬州市男性门诊就诊者中性病艾滋病检出率较高,多见于青壮年。     

Demographic, clinical and social factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases in a cohort of women from the United Kingdom and Ireland. MRC Collaborative Study of women with HIV

BACKGROUND: Clinical experience suggests many women with HIV infection have experienced no other sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Our objective was to test the hypothesis that a substantial proportion of women with HIV infection in the United Kingdom and Ireland have experienced no other diagnosed STD and to describe the demographic, clinical and social factors associated with the occurrence of other STD in a cohort of HIV infected women. METHOD: Analysis of cross-sectional baseline data from a prospective study of 505 women with diagnosed HIV infection. The setting was 15 HIV treatment centres in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The main outcome measures were occurrence of other STD diagnosed for the first time before and after HIV diagnosis. Data were obtained from interview with women and clinic notes. We particularly focused on occurrence of gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis after HIV diagnosis, as these are the STD most likely to reflect recent unprotected sexual intercourse. RESULTS: The women were mainly infected via heterosexual sex (n = 304), and injection drug use (n = 174). 151 were black Africans. A total of 250 (49.5%) women reported never having been diagnosed with an STD apart from HIV, 255 (50.5%) women had ever experienced an STD besides HIV, including 109 (21.6%) who had their first other STD diagnosed after HIV. Twenty-five (5%) women reported having had chlamydia, gonorrhoea or trichomoniasis diagnosed for the first time after HIV diagnosis, possibly reflecting unprotected sexual intercourse since HIV diagnosis. In all 301 (60%) women reported having had sex with a man in the 6 months prior to entry to the study. Of these, 168 (58%) reported using condoms 'always', 66(23%) 'sometimes' and 56 (19%) 'never'. CONCLUSIONS: Half the women in this study reported having never experienced any other diagnosed STD besides HIV. However, after HIV diagnosis most women remain sexually active and at least 5% had an STD diagnosed which reflect unprotected sexual intercourse.     

密云县2005—2009年性病门诊就诊者艾滋病哨点监测分析

目的了解密云县性病门诊就诊者艾滋病性病感染状况,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法参照《全国艾滋病监测工作规范》,对性病门诊就诊者进行问卷调查,采集静脉血进行HIV及梅毒血清学检测。结果密云县在2005—2009年间共监测性病门诊就诊者1395人,监测对象以已婚中青年男性为主,48.24%的监测对象承认在最近3月内有非婚性伴,在发生非婚性行为时每次使用安全套仅占4.31%。性病感染率为42.94%,主要感染病种为尖锐湿疣、非淋菌性尿道炎、淋病、梅毒。检出HIV抗体阳性1例,阳性率为0.07%。结论密云县性病门诊就诊者的性病感染率较高,加强对性病门诊就诊者健康教育和行为于预,有效控制艾滋病经性途径传播。